图文详解java反射机制及常用应用场景

package com.zimug.java.reflection;
public class Student {
    public String nickName;
    private Integer age;   //这里是private
    public void dinner(){
        System.out.println("吃晚餐！");
    }
    private void sleep(int minutes){   //private修饰符
        System.out.println("睡" + minutes + "分钟");
    }
}

Student student = new Student();
student.dinner();

//获取Student类信息
Class cls = Class.forName("com.zimug.java.reflection.Student");
//对象实例化
Object obj = cls.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
//根据方法名获取并执行方法
Method dinnerMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("dinner");
dinnerMethod.invoke(obj);  //打印：吃晚餐！

Class cls = Class.forName("com.zimug.java.reflection.Student");
Class cls2 = new Student().getClass();
System.out.println(cls == cls2); //比较Class对象的地址，输出结果是true

Class cls = Class.forName("com.zimug.java.reflection.Student");

Class clz = User.class;

User user = new User();
Class clazz = user.getClass();

Class cls = Class.forName("com.zimug.java.reflection.Student");
//获取类的包名+类名
System.out.println(cls.getName());          //com.zimug.java.reflection.Student
//获取类的父类
Class cls = Class.forName("com.zimug.java.reflection.Student");
//这个类型是不是一个注解？
System.out.println(cls.isAnnotation());     //false
//这个类型是不是一个枚举？
System.out.println(cls.isEnum());      //false
//这个类型是不是基础数据类型？
System.out.println(cls.isPrimitive()); //false

Class cls = Class.forName("com.zimug.java.reflection.Student");
Field[] fields = cls.getFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field.getName());      //nickName
}
fields = cls.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field.getName());      //nickName 换行  age
}

        Class cls = Class.forName("com.zimug.java.reflection.Student");
        Method[] methods = cls.getMethods();
        System.out.println("Student对象的非私有方法");
        for (Method m : methods) {
            System.out.print(m.getName() + ",");
        }
        System.out.println("  end");
        Method[] allMethods = cls.getDeclaredMethods();
        System.out.println("Student对象的所有方法");
        for (Method m : allMethods) {
            System.out.print(m.getName() + ",");
        }
        System.out.println("  end");
        Method dinnerMethod = cls.getMethod("dinner");
        System.out.println("dinner方法的参数个数" + dinnerMethod.getParameterCount());
        Method sleepMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("sleep",int.class);
        System.out.println("sleep方法的参数个数" + sleepMethod.getParameterCount());
        System.out.println("sleep方法的参数对象数组" + Arrays.toString(sleepMethod.getParameters()));
        System.out.println("sleep方法的参数返回值类型" + sleepMethod.getReturnType());

Method dinnerMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("dinner");
dinnerMethod.invoke(obj);  //打印：吃晚餐！

public Object invoke(Object obj, Object... args)

//获取Student类信息
Class cls = Class.forName("com.zimug.java.reflection.Student");
//对象实例化
Student student = (Student)cls.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
//下面的这种方法是已经Deprecated了，不建议使用。但是在比较旧的JDK版本中仍然是唯一的方式。
//Student student = (Student)cls.newInstance();

public void invokeClassMethod(String className,String methodName) throws ClassNotFoundException, 
            NoSuchMethodException, 
            InvocationTargetException, 
            InstantiationException, 
            IllegalAccessException {
        //获取类信息
        Class cls = Class.forName(className);
        //对象实例化
        Object obj = cls.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
        //根据方法名获取并执行方法
        Method dinnerMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod(methodName);
        dinnerMethod.invoke(obj);
}

@TableName("t_student")
public class Student {
    public String nickName;
    private Integer age;
}

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)  //表示TableName可作用于类、接口或enum Class, 或interface
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) //表示运行时由JVM加载
public @interface TableName {
       String value() ;   //则使用@TableName注解的时候： @TableName(”t_student”);
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.reflections</groupId>
    <artifactId>reflections</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.10</version>
</dependency>

// 要扫描的包
String packageName = "com.zimug.java.reflection";
Reflections f = new Reflections(packageName);
// 获取扫描到的标记注解的集合
Set<Class<?>> set = f.getTypesAnnotatedWith(TableName.class);
for (Class<?> c : set) {
// 循环获取标记的注解
TableName annotation = c.getAnnotation(TableName.class);
// 打印注解中的内容
System.out.println(c.getName() + "类，TableName注解value=" + annotation.value());

//按路径加载jar包
File file = new File("D:/com/zimug/commons-lang3.jar");
URL url = file.toURI().toURL();
//创建类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[]{url});
Class cls = classLoader.loadClass("org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils");

//java的.class文件所在路径
File file = new File("D:/com/zimug");
URL url = file.toURI().toURL();
//创建类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[]{url});
//加载指定类，package全路径
Class<?> cls = classLoader.loadClass("com.zimug.java.reflection.Student");