这次的任务是用c++画出实时走动的钟表,并且与当前系统的时间一致。
由于我们使用的是c++语言,我们更需要用这个例子来提高我们对面向对象程序设计的理解。
我们首先需要分析出需求,“画一个能够实时走动的钟表”,根据需求我们可以好处两个对象,钟表对象与画图对象,所以我们大致先建立两个类,Clock类与Paint类。
Clock类中的成员变量都有:表的中心坐标x与y、表的时间(时、分、秒)、表的大小r(即半径)、表盘的颜色color。
Clock类中无其他函数,只有用于初始化的构造函数。
Paint类中无任何成员变量,只有三个函数:画表盘函数drawClock_bk、画表盘刻度函数drawClock_scale、画表针函数drawClock_sharp
其中画表盘是非常简单的,最最困难的就是画刻度函数与画表针函数。
要想要画出刻度与表针,就必须知道如何得画刻度的两个坐标。
下面先来了解下如何求得坐标(纯数学知识)
如图:
如果要求圆上一点a的坐标(x,y),利用三角函数,若a点与圆心o(x0,y0)连线与x轴的夹角大小为c,r为半径,则a的横坐标x值为x0+cos(c)*r,a的纵坐标y为y0-sin(c)*r,这样就可求得圆上任意一点的坐标。然后我们需要画出刻度,即我们还需要圆心o与圆上一点a的连线上的另一个坐标,这样才可以画出刻度。如图:
如图点b是点a与圆心o连线上的一点。假设我们需要画的刻度长度是s,所以a与b连线的距离为s,b与圆心连线的距离为r-s,所以根据三角函数也可以求得点b的坐标为x:x0+cos(c)*(r-s),y为:y0-sin(c)*(r-s)。
这下有a、b这两点的坐标就可以画出一个刻度了,然后根据表盘的实际分布可以将所有的刻度画出来了(即每个刻度为5度)。
表针的画法与刻度类似:需要找这个b这种点(圆心与圆上的点连线上的点),然后根据你指定的针长和夹角,就可以求出b点的坐标。然后用b点坐标和圆心坐标就可以画出对应的指针了。
最重要的坐标求法就是这样了,剩下具体的细节请看下面代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <iomanip>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#define PI 3.1415
using namespace std;
class Clock
{
public:
int _x;
int _y;
int _hour;
int _minute;
int _second;
int _r;
COLORREF _bk_col;
public:
Clock(int x,int y,int h,int m,int s,int r,COLORREF bk_color)
{
this->_x = x;
this->_y = y;
this->_hour = h;
this->_minute = m;
this->_second = s;
this->_r = r;
this->_bk_col = bk_color;
}
};
class Paint
{
public :
void drawclock_bk(Clock c);
void drawclock_scale(Clock c);
void drawclock_sharp(Clock c);
};
void Paint::drawclock_bk(Clock c)
{
setcolor(RGB(0,0,0));
setfillcolor(RGB(0,0,0));
fillcircle(c._x,c._y,c._r);
}
void Paint::drawclock_scale(Clock c)
{
int x1,y1;
int x2, y2;
setlinecolor(RGB(255, 255, 255));
for (int a = 1; a <= 60;a++)
{
if (a <= 15)
{
x1 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*c._r);
y1= static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*c._r);
if (a % 5 == 0)
{
x2 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 15));
y2 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 15));
}
else
{
x2 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 5));
y2 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 5));
}
}
else if (a > 15 && a <= 30)
{
x1 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*c._r);
y1 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*c._r);
if (a % 5 == 0)
{
x2 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 15));
y2 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 15));
}
else
{
x2 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 5));
y2 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 5));
}
}
else if (a > 30 && a <= 45)
{
x1 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*c._r);
y1 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*c._r);
if (a % 5 == 0)
{
x2 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 15));
y2 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 15));
}
else
{
x2 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 5));
y2 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 5));
}
}
else if (a > 45 && a <= 60)
{
x1 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*c._r);
y1 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*c._r);
if (a % 5 == 0)
{
x2 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 15));
y2 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 15));
}
else
{
x2 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 5));
y2 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(a*(PI / 30)))*(c._r - 5));
}
}
line(x1, y1,x2, y2);
}
setfillcolor(RGB(255,255,255));
fillcircle(c._x,c._y,5);
}
void Paint::drawclock_sharp(Clock c)
{
int x1, y1;
int x2, y2;
int x3, y3;
setlinecolor(RGB(255,255,255));
x3 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(static_cast<double>(15 - c._second)*(PI / 30)))*static_cast<double>(0.8*c._r));
x2 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(static_cast<double>(15 - c._minute - static_cast<double>(c._second) / 60)*(PI / 30)))*static_cast<double>(0.6*c._r));
x1 = static_cast<int>(c._x + (cos(static_cast<double>(3 - c._hour - static_cast<double>(c._minute) / 60)*(PI / 6)))*static_cast<double>(0.4*c._r));
y3 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(static_cast<double>(15 - c._second)*(PI / 30)))*static_cast<double>(0.8*c._r));
y2 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(static_cast<double>(15 - c._minute - static_cast<double>(c._second) / 60)*(PI / 30)))*static_cast<double>(0.6*c._r));
y1 = static_cast<int>(c._y - (sin(static_cast<double>(3 - c._hour - static_cast<double>(c._minute) / 60)*(PI / 6)))*static_cast<double>(0.4*c._r));
line(c._x, c._y, x1, y1);
line(c._x, c._y, x2, y2);
line(c._x, c._y, x3, y3);
}
int main()
{
initgraph(1024,576);
setbkcolor(RGB(255, 255, 255));
cleardevice();
time_t nowtime;
struct tm* ptime;
if (time(&nowtime))
{
ptime = localtime(&nowtime);
}
Clock c(512, 288,ptime->tm_hour, ptime->tm_min, ptime->tm_sec, 120, RGB(255, 255, 255));
Paint p1;
p1.drawclock_bk(c);
p1.drawclock_scale(c);
p1.drawclock_sharp(c);
int flag=0;
while (true)
{
Sleep(1000);
++c._second;
c._second%=60;
if (c._second== 0)
{
c._minute++;
}
c._minute %= 60;
if(c._minute==1)
{
flag=0;
if (c._minute == 0&&flag==0)
{
c._hour++;
flag=1;
}
c._hour %= 24;
p1.drawclock_bk(c);
p1.drawclock_scale(c);
p1.drawclock_sharp(c);
}
_getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
vs2013运行效果如图:
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持编程网。