本文小编为大家详细介绍“怎么搭建SpringBoot+Vue前后端分离”，内容详细，步骤清晰，细节处理妥当，希望这篇“怎么搭建SpringBoot+Vue前后端分离”文章能帮助大家解决疑惑，下面跟着小编的思路慢慢深入，一起来学习新知识吧。
1 什么是前后端分离
前后端分离是目前互联网开发中比较广泛使用的开发模式，主要是将前端和后端的项目业务进行分离，可以做到更好的解耦合，前后端之间的交互通过xml或json的方式，前端主要做用户界面的渲染，后端主要负责业务逻辑和数据的处理。
2 Spring Boot后端搭建
2.1 Mapper层
请参阅这篇文章 手把手教你SpringBoot整合Mybatis
此次项目的后端搭建就是在这个项目的基础上
2.2 Service层
接口：
public interface StudentService { public int saveStudent(Student student); public Student findStudentById(Integer id); public List<Student> findAllStudent(); public int removeStudentById(Integer id); public int updateStudentById(Student student);}实现类：
@Servicepublic class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService { @Autowired private XmlStudentMapper xmlStudentMapper; @Override public int saveStudent(Student student) { return xmlStudentMapper.saveStudent(student); } @Override public Student findStudentById(Integer id) { return xmlStudentMapper.findStudentById(id); } @Override public List<Student> findAllStudent() { return xmlStudentMapper.findAllStudent(); } @Override public int removeStudentById(Integer id) { return xmlStudentMapper.removeStudentById(id); } @Override public int updateStudentById(Student student) { return xmlStudentMapper.updateStudentById(student); }}2.3 Controller层
@RestController@RequestMapping("/student")public class StudentController { @Autowired private StudentService studentService; @PostMapping("/save") public int saveStudent(@RequestBody Student student) { int result; try { result = studentService.saveStudent(student); } catch (Exception exception) { return -1; } return result; } @GetMapping("/findAll") public List<Student> findAll() { return studentService.findAllStudent(); } @GetMapping("/findById/{id}") public Student findById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { return studentService.findStudentById(id); } @DeleteMapping("/remove/{id}") public int remove(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { return studentService.removeStudentById(id); } @PostMapping("/update") public int update(@RequestBody Student student) { return studentService.updateStudentById(student); }}2.4 配置类
解决跨域请求
@Configurationpublic class CorsConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) { registry.addMapping("/**") .allowedOriginPatterns("*") .allowedMethods("GET", "HEAD", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS") .allowCredentials(true) .maxAge(3600) .allowedHeaders("*"); }}图解跨域问题：
3 Vue前端搭建
3.1 新建Vue_cli2.x项目
3.2 引入路由
npm install vue-router --save3.3 新建文件
3.4 配置和测试路由
main.js配置
import Vue from 'vue'import App from './App.vue'import router from './router'Vue.config.productionTip = falsenew Vue({ render: h => h(App), router}).$mount('#app')index.js
//注册路由import Vue from 'vue';import VueRouter from 'vue-router';//引入路由import index from '../view/index'import update from "../view/update";import selectAll from "../view/selectAll";import selectOne from "../view/selectOne";import insert from "../view/insert";Vue.use(VueRouter);const router = new VueRouter({ routes: [ { name: "主页重定向", path: "/", redirect: "/index" }, { name: "主页", path: "/index", component: index, children: [ { name: "修改操作", path: "/update", component: update, }, { name: "查看全部", path: "/selectAll", component: selectAll, }, { name: "查看一个", path: "/selectOne", component: selectOne, }, { name: "添加一个", path: "/insert", component: insert, } ] } ]})export default routerApp.vue
<template> <div id="app"> <router-view/> </div></template><script>export default { name: 'App',}</script>index.vue
<template> <div> <router-link to="update">update</router-link> <br> <router-link to="selectAll"> selectAll</router-link> <br> <router-link to="selectOne"> selectOne</router-link> <br> <router-link to="insert"> insert</router-link> <br> <br> <router-view></router-view> </div></template><script>export default { name: "index"}</script><style scoped></style>insert.vue
<template> <div> insert </div></template><script>export default { name: "insert"}</script><style scoped></style>selectOne.vue
<template> <div> selectOne </div></template><script>export default { name: "selectOne"}</script><style scoped></style>selectAll.vue
<template> <div> selectAll </div></template><script>export default { name: "selectAll"}</script><style scoped></style>update.vue
<template> <div> update </div></template><script>export default { name: "update"}</script><style scoped></style>测试
启动项目
npm run serve访问：http://localhost:8080/
点击相关标签时会显示响应页面
3.5 引入Element UI
npm i element-ui -Smain.js
import Vue from 'vue'import App from './App.vue'import router from './router'import ElementUI from 'element-ui'import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'Vue.config.productionTip = falseVue.use(ElementUI)new Vue({ render: h => h(App), router}).$mount('#app')3.6 使用Element UI美化页面
index.vue
<template> <div> <el-menu class="el-menu-demo" mode="horizontal" :router="true"> <el-menu-item index="/selectAll">全部学生</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="/insert">添加学生</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="/selectOne">查看学生</el-menu-item> <el-menu-item index="/update">修改学生</el-menu-item> </el-menu> <router-view></router-view> </div></template><script>export default { name: "index"}</script><style scoped></style>insert.vue
<template> <div> <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm" > <el-form-item label="姓名" prop="pass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name" ></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="年龄" prop="checkPass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age" ></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">提交</el-button> </el-form-item> </el-form> </div></template><script>export default { name: "insert", data() { return { ruleForm: { name: '', age: '' } }; }, methods: { submitForm(formName) { this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => { if (valid) { alert('submit!'); } else { console.log('error submit!!'); return false; } }); }, }}</script><style scoped></style>selectOne.vue
<template> <div> <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm" > <el-form-item label="ID" prop="pass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.id"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="姓名" prop="pass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="年龄" prop="checkPass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">提交</el-button> <el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button> </el-form-item> </el-form> </div></template><script>export default { name: "selectOne", data() { return { ruleForm: { id: '', name: '', age: '' } }; }, methods: { submitForm(formName) { this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => { if (valid) { alert('submit!'); } else { console.log('error submit!!'); return false; } }); }, resetForm(formName) { this.$refs[formName].resetFields(); } }}</script><style scoped></style>selectAll.vue
<template> <div> <template> <el-table :data="tableData" > <el-table-column prop="id" label="ID" width="180"> </el-table-column> <el-table-column prop="name" label="姓名" width="180"> </el-table-column> <el-table-column prop="age" label="年龄"> </el-table-column> <el-table-column label="操作"> <template> <el-button type="warning" size="small">修改</el-button> <el-button type="danger" size="small">删除</el-button> </template> </el-table-column> </el-table> </template> </div></template><script>export default { name: "selectAll", data() { return { tableData: [] } }}</script><style scoped></style>update.vue
<template> <div> <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm" > <el-form-item label="ID" prop="pass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.id"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="姓名" prop="checkPass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="年龄" prop="age"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button type="warning" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">修改</el-button> </el-form-item> </el-form> </div></template><script>export default { name: "update", data() { return { ruleForm: { id: '', name: '', age: '' } }; }, methods: { submitForm(formName) { this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => { if (valid) { alert('submit!'); } else { console.log('error submit!!'); return false; } }); }, resetForm(formName) { this.$refs[formName].resetFields(); } }}</script><style scoped></style>效果
3.7 整合axios与Spring Boot后端交互
npm install axios --saveinsert.vue
<template> <div> <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm" > <el-form-item label="姓名" prop="pass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="年龄" prop="checkPass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm()">提交</el-button> </el-form-item> </el-form> </div></template><script>import axios from 'axios'export default { name: "insert", data() { return { ruleForm: { name: '', age: '' } }; }, methods: { submitForm() { axios.post("http://localhost:8081/student/save", this.ruleForm).then(function (resp) { console.log(resp) }) }, }}</script><style scoped></style>selectOne.vue
<template> <div> <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm" > <el-form-item label="ID" prop="pass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.id"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="姓名" prop="pass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="年龄" prop="checkPass"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input> </el-form-item> </el-form> </div></template><script>import axios from "axios";export default { name: "selectOne", data() { return { ruleForm: { id: '', name: '', age: '' } }; }, methods: { getStudent() { const _this = this; axios.get("http://localhost:8081/student/findById/" + this.$route.query.id).then(function (resp) { _this.ruleForm = resp.data; }) } }, created() { this.getStudent(); }}</script><style scoped></style>selectAll.vue
<template> <div> <template> <el-table :data="tableData" > <el-table-column prop="id" label="ID" width="180"> </el-table-column> <el-table-column prop="name" label="姓名" width="180"> </el-table-column> <el-table-column prop="age" label="年龄"> </el-table-column> <el-table-column label="操作"> <template slot-scope="scope"> <el-button type="primary" size="small" @click="select(scope.row)">查看</el-button> <el-button type="warning" size="small" @click="update(scope.row)">修改</el-button> <el-button type="danger" size="small" @click="remove(scope.row)">删除</el-button> </template> </el-table-column> </el-table> </template> </div></template><script>import axios from "axios";export default { name: "selectAll", data() { return { tableData: [] } }, methods: { getData() { const _this = this; axios.get("http://localhost:8081/student/findAll").then(function (resp) { _this.tableData = resp.data; }) }, remove(stu) { const _this = this; if (confirm("确定删除吗？")) { axios.delete("http://localhost:8081/student/remove/" + stu.id).then(function (resp) { if (resp.data == 1) { _this.getData(); } }) } }, select(stu) { this.$router.push({ path: "/selectOne", query:{ id: stu.id } }) }, update(stu) { this.$router.push({ path: "/update", query:{ id: stu.id } }) } }, created() { this.getData(); }}</script><style scoped></style>update.vue
<template> <div> <el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm" > <el-form-item label="ID"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.id" disabled></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="姓名"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="年龄"> <el-input type="text" v-model="ruleForm.age"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button type="warning" @click="submitForm()">修改</el-button> </el-form-item> </el-form> </div></template><script>import axios from "axios";export default { name: "update", data() { return { ruleForm: { id: '', name: '', age: '' } }; }, methods: { submitForm() { axios.post("http://localhost:8081/student/update", this.ruleForm).then(function (resp) { console.log(resp) }) }, getStudent() { const _this = this; axios.get("http://localhost:8081/student/findById/" + this.$route.query.id).then(function (resp) { _this.ruleForm = resp.data; }) } }, created() { this.getStudent(); }}</script><style scoped></style>读到这里，这篇“怎么搭建SpringBoot+Vue前后端分离”文章已经介绍完毕，想要掌握这篇文章的知识点还需要大家自己动手实践使用过才能领会，如果想了解更多相关内容的文章，欢迎关注编程网行业资讯频道。
