这篇文章主要为大家展示了“spring boot集成rabbitmq的示例分析”，内容简而易懂，条理清晰，希望能够帮助大家解决疑惑，下面让小编带领大家一起研究并学习一下“spring boot集成rabbitmq的示例分析”这篇文章吧。
一、RabbitMQ的介绍
RabbitMQ是消息中间件的一种,消息中间件即分布式系统中完成消息的发送和接收的基础软件.这些软件有很多,包括ActiveMQ(apache公司的),RocketMQ(阿里巴巴公司的,现已经转让给apache).
消息中间件的工作过程可以用生产者消费者模型来表示.即,生产者不断的向消息队列发送信息,而消费者从消息队列中消费信息.具体过程如下:
从上图可看出,对于消息队列来说,生产者,消息队列,消费者是最重要的三个概念,生产者发消息到消息队列中去,消费者监听指定的消息队列,并且当消息队列收到消息之后,接收消息队列传来的消息,并且给予相应的处理.消息队列常用于分布式系统之间互相信息的传递.
对于RabbitMQ来说,除了这三个基本模块以外,还添加了一个模块,即交换机(Exchange).它使得生产者和消息队列之间产生了隔离,生产者将消息发送给交换机,而交换机则根据调度策略把相应的消息转发给对应的消息队列.那么RabitMQ的工作流程如下所示:
紧接着说一下交换机.交换机的主要作用是接收相应的消息并且绑定到指定的队列.交换机有四种类型,分别为Direct,topic,headers,Fanout.
Direct是RabbitMQ默认的交换机模式,也是最简单的模式.即创建消息队列的时候,指定一个BindingKey.当发送者发送消息的时候,指定对应的Key.当Key和消息队列的BindingKey一致的时候,消息将会被发送到该消息队列中.
topic转发信息主要是依据通配符,队列和交换机的绑定主要是依据一种模式(通配符+字符串),而当发送消息的时候,只有指定的Key和该模式相匹配的时候,消息才会被发送到该消息队列中.
headers也是根据一个规则进行匹配,在消息队列和交换机绑定的时候会指定一组键值对规则,而发送消息的时候也会指定一组键值对规则,当两组键值对规则相匹配的时候,消息会被发送到匹配的消息队列中.
Fanout是路由广播的形式,将会把消息发给绑定它的全部队列,即便设置了key,也会被忽略.
概念：
生产者 消息的产生方，负责将消息推送到消息队列
消费者 消息的最终接受方，负责监听队列中的对应消息，消费消息
队列 消息的寄存器，负责存放生产者发送的消息
交换机 负责根据一定规则分发生产者产生的消息
绑定 完成交换机和队列之间的绑定
模式：
direct
直连模式，用于实例间的任务分发
topic
话题模式，通过可配置的规则分发给绑定在该exchange上的队列
headers
适用规则复杂的分发，用headers里的参数表达规则
fanout
分发给所有绑定到该exchange上的队列，忽略routing key
安装
单机版安装很简单，大概步骤如下：
# 安装erlang包 yum install erlang# 安装socat yum install socat# 安装rabbit rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.6.6-1.el6.noarch.rpm # 启动服务 rabbitmq-server start# 增加管理控制功能 rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management# 增加用户： sudo rabbitmqctl add_user root password rabbitmqctl set_user_tags root administrator rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / root '.*' '.*' '.*'集群安装，可参考这篇文章：
rabbitmq集群安装
以上就是rabbitmq的介绍，下面开始本文的正文：spring boot 集成rabbitmq ，本人在学习rabbitmq时发现网上很少有系统性介绍springboot和rabbitmq如何集成的，其他人总结的都片段化，所以结合个人调研过程，整理此篇文章。
二、springboot配置
废话少说直接上代码：
配置参数
application.yml:
spring: rabbitmq: addresses: 192.168.1.1:5672 username: username password: password publisher-confirms: true virtual-host: /java config读取参数
@Configuration@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.rabbitmq")public class RabbitMqConfig { @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.addresses}") private String addresses; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}") private String username; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}") private String password; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms}") private Boolean publisherConfirms; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}") private String virtualHost; // 构建mq实例工厂 @Bean public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory(){ CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setAddresses(addresses); connectionFactory.setUsername(username); connectionFactory.setPassword(password); connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(publisherConfirms); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost); return connectionFactory; } @Bean public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){ return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory); } @Bean @Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE) public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(){ RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory()); return template; }}三、rabbitmq生产者配置
主要配置了直连和话题模式，其中话题模式设置两个队列（queueTopicTest1、queueTopicTest2），此两个队列在和交换机绑定时分别设置不同的routingkey(.TEST.以及lazy.#)来验证匹配模式。
@Configuration@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)public class RabbitMqExchangeConfig { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitMqExchangeConfig.class); @Bean TopicExchange contractTopicExchangeDurable(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){ TopicExchange contractTopicExchange = new TopicExchange(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_TOPIC.getCode()); rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(contractTopicExchange); logger.debug("完成主题型交换机bean实例化"); return contractTopicExchange; } @Bean DirectExchange contractDirectExchange(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin) { DirectExchange contractDirectExchange = new DirectExchange(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_DIRECT.getCode()); rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(contractDirectExchange); logger.debug("完成直连型交换机bean实例化"); return contractDirectExchange; } //在此可以定义队列 @Bean Queue queueTest(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){ Queue queue = new Queue(RabbitMqEnum.QueueName.TESTQUEUE.getCode()); rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(queue); logger.debug("测试队列实例化完成"); return queue; } //topic 1 @Bean Queue queueTopicTest1(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){ Queue queue = new Queue(RabbitMqEnum.QueueName.TOPICTEST1.getCode()); rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(queue); logger.debug("话题测试队列1实例化完成"); return queue; } //topic 2 @Bean Queue queueTopicTest2(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){ Queue queue = new Queue(RabbitMqEnum.QueueName.TOPICTEST2.getCode()); rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(queue); logger.debug("话题测试队列2实例化完成"); return queue; } //在此处完成队列和交换机绑定 @Bean Binding bindingQueueTest(Queue queueTest,DirectExchange exchange,RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){ Binding binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queueTest).to(exchange).with(RabbitMqEnum.QueueEnum.TESTQUEUE.getCode()); rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(binding); logger.debug("测试队列与直连型交换机绑定完成"); return binding; } //topic binding1 @Bean Binding bindingQueueTopicTest1(Queue queueTopicTest1,TopicExchange exchange,RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){ Binding binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queueTopicTest1).to(exchange).with(RabbitMqEnum.QueueEnum.TESTTOPICQUEUE1.getCode()); rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(binding); logger.debug("测试队列与话题交换机1绑定完成"); return binding; } //topic binding2 @Bean Binding bindingQueueTopicTest2(Queue queueTopicTest2,TopicExchange exchange,RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){ Binding binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queueTopicTest2).to(exchange).with(RabbitMqEnum.QueueEnum.TESTTOPICQUEUE2.getCode()); rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(binding); logger.debug("测试队列与话题交换机2绑定完成"); return binding; }}在这里用到枚举类：RabbitMqEnum
public class RabbitMqEnum { public enum Exchange { CONTRACT_FANOUT("CONTRACT_FANOUT", "消息分发"), CONTRACT_TOPIC("CONTRACT_TOPIC", "消息订阅"), CONTRACT_DIRECT("CONTRACT_DIRECT", "点对点"); private String code; private String name; Exchange(String code, String name) { this.code = code; this.name = name; } public String getCode() { return code; } public String getName() { return name; } } public enum QueueName { TESTQUEUE("TESTQUEUE", "测试队列"), TOPICTEST1("TOPICTEST1", "topic测试队列"), TOPICTEST2("TOPICTEST2", "topic测试队列"); private String code; private String name; QueueName(String code, String name) { this.code = code; this.name = name; } public String getCode() { return code; } public String getName() { return name; } } public enum QueueEnum { TESTQUEUE("TESTQUEUE1", "测试队列key"), TESTTOPICQUEUE1("*.TEST.*", "topic测试队列key"), TESTTOPICQUEUE2("lazy.#", "topic测试队列key"); private String code; private String name; QueueEnum(String code, String name) { this.code = code; this.name = name; } public String getCode() { return code; } public String getName() { return name; } }}以上完成消息生产者的定义，下面封装调用接口
测试时直接调用此工具类,testUser类需自己实现
rabbitMqSender.sendRabbitmqDirect("TESTQUEUE1",testUser);rabbitMqSender.sendRabbitmqTopic("lazy.1.2",testUser);rabbitMqSender.sendRabbitmqTopic("lazy.TEST.2",testUser);@Componentpublic class RabbitMqSender implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback{ private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitMqSender.class); private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Autowired public RabbitMqSender(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) { this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate; this.rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this); } @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean b, String s) { logger.info("confirm: " + correlationData.getId()); } public void sendRabbitmqDirect(String routeKey,Object obj) { CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); logger.info("send: " + correlationData.getId()); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_DIRECT.getCode(), routeKey , obj, correlationData); } public void sendRabbitmqTopic(String routeKey,Object obj) { CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); logger.info("send: " + correlationData.getId()); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_TOPIC.getCode(), routeKey , obj, correlationData); }}四、rabbitmq消费者配置
springboot注解方式监听队列，无法手动指定回调，所以采用了实现ChannelAwareMessageListener接口，重写onMessage来进行手动回调，详见以下代码,详细介绍可以在spring的官网上找amqp相关章节阅读
直连消费者
通过设置TestUser的name来测试回调，分别发两条消息，一条UserName为1，一条为2，查看控制台中队列中消息是否被消费
@Configuration@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)public class ExampleAmqpConfiguration { @Bean("testQueueContainer") public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) { SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(); container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory); container.setQueueNames("TESTQUEUE"); container.setMessageListener(exampleListener()); container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); return container; } @Bean("testQueueListener") public ChannelAwareMessageListener exampleListener() { return new ChannelAwareMessageListener() { @Override public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception { TestUser testUser = (TestUser) SerializeUtil.unserialize(message.getBody()); //通过设置TestUser的name来测试回调，分别发两条消息，一条UserName为1，一条为2，查看控制台中队列中消息是否被消费 if ("2".equals(testUser.getUserName())){ System.out.println(testUser.toString()); channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false); } if ("1".equals(testUser.getUserName())){ System.out.println(testUser.toString()); channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,true); } } }; }}topic消费者1
@Configuration@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)public class TopicAmqpConfiguration { @Bean("topicTest1Container") public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) { SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(); container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory); container.setQueueNames("TOPICTEST1"); container.setMessageListener(exampleListener1()); container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); return container; } @Bean("topicTest1Listener") public ChannelAwareMessageListener exampleListener1(){ return new ChannelAwareMessageListener() { @Override public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception { TestUser testUser = (TestUser) SerializeUtil.unserialize(message.getBody()); System.out.println("TOPICTEST1："+testUser.toString()); channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false); } }; }}topic消费者2
@Configuration@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)public class TopicAmqpConfiguration2 { @Bean("topicTest2Container") public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) { SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(); container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory); container.setQueueNames("TOPICTEST2"); container.setMessageListener(exampleListener()); container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); return container; } @Bean("topicTest2Listener") public ChannelAwareMessageListener exampleListener() { return new ChannelAwareMessageListener() { @Override public void以上是“spring boot集成rabbitmq的示例分析”这篇文章的所有内容，感谢各位的阅读！相信大家都有了一定的了解，希望分享的内容对大家有所帮助，如果还想学习更多知识，欢迎关注编程网行业资讯频道！
