python–Folium
官方说明：folium.link.
- map用于生成地图，主要用到黄色的参数
Map(location=None, width=‘100%', height=‘100%', left=‘0%', top=‘0%', position=‘relative', tiles=‘OpenStreetMap', attr=None, min_zoom=0, max_zoom=18, zoom_start=10, min_lat=- 90, max_lat=90, min_lon=- 180, max_lon=180, max_bounds=False, crs=‘EPSG3857', control_scale=False, prefer_canvas=False, no_touch=False, disable_3d=False, jpg_enabled=False, zoom_control=True, **kwargs)
Parameters 参数说明
- location (tuple or list, default None) – Latitude and Longitude of Map (Northing, Easting).
- width (pixel int or percentage string (default: ‘100%')) – Width of the map.
- height (pixel int or percentage string (default: ‘100%')) – Height of the map.
- tiles (str, default ‘OpenStreetMap') – Map tileset to use. Can choose from a list of built-in tiles, pass a custom URL or pass None to create a map without tiles. For more advanced tile layer options, use the TileLayer class.
- min_zoom (int, default 0) – Minimum allowed zoom level for the tile layer that is created.
- max_zoom (int, default 18) – Maximum allowed zoom level for the tile layer that is created.
- zoom_start (int, default 10) – Initial zoom level for the map.
- attr (string, default None) – Map tile attribution; only required if passing custom tile URL.
- crs (str, default ‘EPSG3857') – Defines coordinate reference systems for projecting geographical points into pixel (screen) coordinates and back.定义坐标参考系统
- control_scale (bool, default False) – Whether to add a control scale on the map.
- prefer_canvas (bool, default False) – Forces Leaflet to use the Canvas back-end (if available) for vector layers instead of SVG.
- no_touch (bool, default False) – Forces Leaflet to not use touch events even if it detects them.
- disable_3d (bool, default False) – Forces Leaflet to not use hardware-accelerated CSS 3D transforms for positioning (which may cause glitches in some rare environments) even if they're supported.
- zoom_control (bool, default True) – Display zoom controls on the map.
basic example
m = folium.Map(location=[45.523, -122.675], width=750, height=500)
m = folium.Map(location=[45.523, -122.675], tiles='cartodb positron')
m = folium.Map(
location=[45.523, -122.675],
zoom_start=2,
tiles='https://api.mapbox.com/v4/mapbox.streets/{z}/{x}/{y}.jpg?access_token=mytoken',
attr='Mapbox attribution'
...)Markers
m = folium.Map(location=[45.372, -121.6972], zoom_start=12, tiles="Stamen Terrain")
tooltip = "Click me!"
folium.Marker(
[45.3288, -121.6625], popup="<i>Mt. Hood Meadows</i>", tooltip=tooltip
).add_to(m)tooltip：点击标记后弹出的信息
popup：鼠标放标记上显示的信息
标记样式修改
m = folium.Map(location=[45.372, -121.6972], zoom_start=12, tiles="Stamen Terrain")
folium.Marker(
location=[45.3288, -121.6625],
popup="Mt. Hood Meadows",
icon=folium.Icon(icon="cloud"),
).add_to(m)
folium.Marker(
location=[45.3311, -121.7113],
popup="Timberline Lodge",
icon=folium.Icon(color="green"),
).add_to(m)
folium.Marker(
location=[45.3300, -121.6823],
popup="Some Other Location",
icon=folium.Icon(color="red", icon="info-sign"),
).add_to(m)
标记圆形区域
点击任意位置出现经纬度folium.LatLngPopup()
m = folium.Map(location=[46.1991, -122.1889], tiles="Stamen Terrain", zoom_start=13)
m.add_child(folium.LatLngPopup())
打点功能：点击任意位置出现标记，再点击弹出信息
m = folium.Map(location=[46.8527, -121.7649], tiles="Stamen Terrain", zoom_start=13)
folium.Marker([46.8354, -121.7325], popup="Camp Muir").add_to(m)
m.add_child(folium.ClickForMarker(popup="Waypoint"))
允许显示任何HTML对象
m = folium.Map(location=[46.3014, -123.7390], zoom_start=7, tiles="Stamen Terrain")
folium.Marker(
location=[47.3489, -124.708],
popup=folium.Popup(max_width=450).add_child(
folium.Vega(vis1, width=450, height=250)
),
).add_to(m)
可以参考的代码
html参考链接
实战
用folium绘制中国的政策地图，城市的政策汇总在一个excel表中。要实现的效果是政策可视化，点击某一个城市，可以弹出这个城市所有的政策。
import folium
import webbrowser as wb
import numpy as np
import xlrd
import pandas as pd
from folium import CustomIcon
def get_data():
'''
return:
df_data:返回城市对应的编号,经纬度
df_policy:返回城市的政策名称、链接、编号
'''
file_name = 'policy.xls'
all_data = xlrd.open_workbook(file_name)
table = all_data.sheet_by_name('num_lat_lon')
df_data = pd.DataFrame(columns=['city','number','latitude','longitude'])
for i in range(1,table.nrows):
df_data.loc[i] = table.row_values(i)
table_policy = all_data.sheet_by_name('policy')
df_policy = pd.DataFrame(columns=['number','name','link'])
for i in range(1,table_policy.nrows):
df_policy.loc[i,'number'] = table_policy.cell(i,3).value
df_policy.loc[i,'name'] = table_policy.cell(i,1).value
df_policy.loc[i,'link'] = table_policy.cell(i,2).value
return df_data, df_policy
# 中文转换
def parse_zhch(s):
return str(str(s).encode('ascii' , 'xmlcharrefreplace'))[2:-1]
def show_map(df_data,df_policy):
'''
可以使用高德地图或默认地图
m = folium.Map(zoom_start=4,zoom_control=True,tiles='http://webrd02.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?lang=zh_cn&size=1&scale=1&style=7&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}',attr='default')
'''
# 默认地图
m = folium.Map(location=[39.904,116.408],zoom_start=4,zoom_control=True,tiles='OpenStreetMap')
for i in range(1,len(df_data)):
# 得到该城市的编号、经纬度
number = df_data.loc[i,'number']
latitude = df_data.loc[i,'latitude']
longitude = df_data.loc[i,'longitude']
tip = df_data.loc[i,'city']
# 获取城市编号对应的所有政策和链接的行索引
city_index = df_policy[df_policy.number == number].index.tolist()
# 将城市名称和链接放同一个list中
s=[]
for i in city_index:
s.append(df_policy.loc[i,'name'])
s.append(df_policy.loc[i,'link'])
# 计算最大长度
length = []
for i in range(len(s)):
length.append(len(s[i]))
WIDTH = max(length)
# 点击弹出内容和弹出框大小设置
ss=''
for i in range(len(s)):
ss = ss + s[i] + '</br>'
pop = folium.Popup(html=ss,max_width=WIDTH*10)
icon = CustomIcon(icon_image ='loc.jpg',icon_size=(20, 20))
# tooltip：悬浮弹出信息；popup：点击出现信息
folium.Marker([latitude,longitude],icon=icon, popup=pop,tooltip=parse_zhch(tip)).add_to(m)
m.save('map.html')
wb.open('map.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
df_data,df_policy = get_data()
show_map(df_data,df_policy)实现效果：
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