vue3组件通信方式为以下几种
- props
- $emit
- $expose / ref
- $attrs
- v-model
- provide / inject
- Vuex
- mitt
props
<child :msg2="msg2" />
<script setup>
const props = defineProps({
// 写法一
msg2:String
// 写法二
msg2:{
type:String,
default:''
}
})
console.log(props) // {msg2:'这是传级子组件的信息2'}
</script>
$emit
//Child.vue
<template>
// 写法一
<div @click="emit('myclick')">按钮</div>
// 写法二
<div @click="handleClick">按钮</div>
</template>
<script setup>
// 方法一
const emit = defineEmits(['myClick'],['myClick2'])
// 方法二
const handleClick = () => {
emit('myClick','这是发送给父组件的信息');
}
// 方法二 不适用于vue3.2,使用的useContext()已经舍弃
import { useContext } from 'vue'
const { emit } = useContext()
const handleClick = () => {
emit('myClick','这是发送给父组件的信息'
}
</script>
// Parent.vue响应
<template>
<child @myClick="onMyClick"></child>
</template>
<script setup>
import child from "./child.vue"
import onMychilk = (msg) => {
console.log(msg) // 父组件收到的信息
}
</script>
expose / ref
父组件获取子组件的属性或者调用子组件方法
<script setup>
// 方法一:useContext() vue3.2 之后已经舍弃
import { useContext } from 'vue'
const ctx = useContext()
// 对外暴露属性方法等都可以
ctx.expose({
childName: '这是子组建的属性',
someMethod(){
console.log('这是子组件的方法')
}
})
</script>
// Parent.vue 注意 ref="comp"
<template>
<child ref="comp"></child>
<button @click="handleClick">按钮</button>
</template>
<script>
import child from './child.vue'
import { ref } from 'vue'
const comp = ref(null)
const handleClick = () => {
console.log(comp.value.childName)
comp.value.someMethod() // 调用子组件对外暴露的方法
}
</script>
attts
attrs:包含父作用域除class和style除外的非props属性集合
// 父组件
<child :msg1="msg1" :msg2="msg2" title="3333"></child>
<script setup>
import child from './child.vue'
import { ref,reactive } from 'vue
const msg1 = ref('111')
const msg2 = ref('222')
</script>
// 子组件
<script setup>
import { defineProps,useContext,useAttars } from 'vue'
const props = defineProps({
msg1: String
})
// 方法1
const ctx = useContext()
console.log(ctx.attars) // {msg2:'222',title:'333'}
// 方法2
const attrs = useAttars()
console.log(attars) // {msg2:'2222',title:'3333'}
</script>
v-model
可以支持多个数据双向绑定
<child v-model:key="key" v-modle:value="value" />
<script>
import child from './child.vue'
import { ref,reactive } from 'vue'
const key = ref('111')
const value = ref('222')
</script>
//子组件
<template>
<button @click="handleClick"></button>
</template>
<script setup>
// 方法一 v3.2 已被移除
import { useContext } from 'vue'
const { emit } = useContext()
// 方法二
import { defineEmits } from 'vue'
const emit = defineEmits(['key','value'])
//用法
const handleClick = () => {
emit('update:key','新的key')
emit('update:value','新的value')
}
</script>
provide / inject
provide/inject为依赖注入 provide:可以让我们指定想要提供给后代组件的数据 inject:在任何后代组件中接受想要添加在这个组件上的数据,不管组件嵌套多深都可以直接拿来用
// 父组件
<script setup>
import { provide } from 'vue'
const name = provide('name')
console.log('name','沐华')
</script>
//子组件
<script setup>
import { inject } from 'vue'
const name = inject('name')
console.log(name) //木华
</script>
Vuex
//store/index.js
import { createStore } from 'vuex'
export default createStore({
state:{count:1},
getters:{
getCount:state=>state.count
},
mutations:{
add(state){
state.count++
}
}
})
// main.js
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import APP from './App.vue'
import store from './store'
createApp(APP).use(store).mount("#app")
// 直接使用
<template>
<div>
{{ $store.state.count }}
</div>
<button @click="$store.commit('add')">
</button>
</template>
// 获取
<script setup>
import { useStore,computed } from 'vuex'
const store = useStore()
console.log(store.state.count)
const count = computed (()=>store.state.count)
console.log(count)
</script>
mitt
Vue3中已经没有了EventBus跨组件通信,替代方案mitt.js,但原理方式EventBus是一样的
安装方式 npm i mitt -S
封装
mitt.js
import mitt from 'mitt'
const mitt = mitt()
export default mitt
组件之间使用
// 组件A
<script setup>
import mitt from './mitt'
const handleClick = () => {
mitt.emit('handleChange')
}
</script>
// 组件B
<script setup>
import mitt from './mitt'
import { onUnmounted } from 'vue'
const someMethod = () => {...}
mitt.on('handleChange',someMethod)
onUnmounted(()=>{
mitt.off('handleChange',someMethod)
})
</script>
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