1、浅拷贝和深拷贝
浅拷贝复制指向某个对象的地址(指针),而不复制对象本身,新对象和原对象共享同一内存。
深拷贝会额外创建一个新的对象,新对象跟原对象并不共享内存,修改新对象不会影响到原对象。
赋值其实就是引用了原对象。两者指向同一内存,两个对象是联动的,无论哪个对象发生改变都会影响到另一个。
2、直接赋值
使用=来复制一个列表,实际上不仅复制了其中的内容,也复制了其内存地址,即引用了原列表。使用id()方法查看内存地址也是一样的。修改其中一个列表,也会直接更改另一个列表。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = ["a", ["b", "c", "d"], ["e", "f"]]
# 直接复制,即引用列表
b = a
print(a)
print(b)
# 通过id()查看内存地址,为一样的
print(id(a), id(b))
b[0] = "g"
b[1][0] = "f"
print(a)
print(b)
输出:
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
2030264836936 2030264836936
['g', ['f', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['g', ['f', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
Process finished with exit code 0
3、for循环
使用for循环进行拷贝,仅第一层为深拷贝,对其它层依然是浅拷贝。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = ["a", ["b", "c", "d"], ["e", "f"]]
b = []
# 使用for循环进行拷贝,仅第一层为深拷贝
for i in a:
b.append(i)
print(a)
print(b)
b[0] = "g"
b[1][0] = "f"
print(a)
print(b)
输出:
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['a', ['f', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['g', ['f', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
Process finished with exit code 0
4、切片
使用切片方法进行拷贝,也仅对第一层为深拷贝,对其它层依然是浅拷贝。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = ["a", ["b", "c", "d"], ["e", "f"]]
# 使用切片进行拷贝,仅第一层为深拷贝
b = a[:]
print(a)
print(b)
b[0] = "g"
b[1][0] = "f"
print(a)
print(b)
输出:
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['a', ['f', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['g', ['f', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
Process finished with exit code 0
5、copy()方法
(1)list.copy()方法
使用list.copy()方法进行拷贝,也仅对第一层为深拷贝,对其它层依然是浅拷贝。由于列表中嵌套的列表实际保存的是地址,依然指向同一个内存地址。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = ["a", ["b", "c", "d"], ["e", "f"]]
# 使用list.copy()方法进行拷贝,仅第一层为深拷贝
b = a.copy()
print(a)
print(b)
b[0] = "g"
b[1][0] = "f"
print(a)
print(b)
输出:
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['a', ['f', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['g', ['f', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
Process finished with exit code 0
(2)copy.copy()方法
使用copy.copy()方法进行拷贝,也仅对第一层为深拷贝,对其它层依然是浅拷贝。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import copy
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = ["a", ["b", "c", "d"], ["e", "f"]]
# 使用copy.copy()方法进行拷贝,仅第一层为深拷贝
b = copy.copy(a)
print(a)
print(b)
b[0] = "g"
b[1][0] = "f"
print(a)
print(b)
输出:
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['a', ['f', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['g', ['f', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
Process finished with exit code 0
6、deepcopy()方法
使用copy.deepcopy()方法进行拷贝,对所有层均为深拷贝,改变新列表并不会影响到原列表,推荐使用。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import copy
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = ["a", ["b", "c", "d"], ["e", "f"]]
# 使用copy.deepcopy()方法进行拷贝,对所有层均为深拷贝
b = copy.deepcopy(a)
print(a)
print(b)
b[0] = "g"
b[1][0] = "f"
print(a)
print(b)
输出:
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
['g', ['f', 'c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
Process finished with exit code 0
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