今天小编给大家分享一下如何实现一个Laravel查询过滤器的相关知识点，内容详细，逻辑清晰，相信大部分人都还太了解这方面的知识，所以分享这篇文章给大家参考一下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后有所收获，下面我们一起来了解一下吧。
上下文
在撰写本文时，我在 PHP 8.1 和 MySQL 8 上使用 Laravel 9。我相信技术栈不是一个大问题，这里我们主要关注构建一个查询过滤器系统。在本文中，我将演示为 users 表构建过滤器。
<?phpuse Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;return new class extends Migration{ public function up() { Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->id(); $table->string('name'); $table->string('email')->unique(); $table->string('gender', 10)->nullable()->index(); $table->boolean('is_active')->default(true)->index(); $table->boolean('is_admin')->default(false)->index(); $table->timestamp('birthday')->nullable(); $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable(); $table->string('password'); $table->rememberToken(); $table->timestamps(); }); } public function down() { Schema::dropIfExists('users'); }}
此外，我还使用 Laravel Telescope 轻松监控查询。
初始点
在学习使用 Laravel 的第一天，我经常直接在控制器上调用过滤器。简单，没有魔法，容易理解，但是这种方式有问题：
控制器中放置的大量逻辑导致控制器膨胀
不能重复使用
许多相同的工作重复
<?phpnamespace App\Http\Controllers;use App\Models\User;use Illuminate\Http\Request;class UserController extends Controller{ public function __invoke(Request $request) { // /users?name=ryder&email=hartman&gender=male&is_active=1&is_admin=0&birthday=2014-11-30 $query = User::query(); if ($request->has('name')) { $query->where('name', 'like', "%{$request->input('name')}%"); } if ($request->has('email')) { $query->where('email', 'like', "%{$request->input('email')}%"); } if ($request->has('gender')) { $query->where('gender', $request->input('gender')); } if ($request->has('is_active')) { $query->where('is_active', $request->input('is_active') ? 1 : 0); } if ($request->has('is_admin')) { $query->where('is_admin', $request->input('is_admin') ? 1 : 0); } if ($request->has('birthday')) { $query->whereDate('birthday', $request->input('birthday')); } return $query->paginate(); // select * from `users` where `name` like '%ryder%' and `email` like '%hartman%' and `gender` = 'male' and `is_active` = 1 and `is_admin` = 0 and date(`birthday`) = '2014-11-30' limit 15 offset 0 }}
使用 Local Scope
为了能够在过滤期间隐藏逻辑，让我们尝试使用 Laravel 的 Local Scope。将查询转换为 User 模型中的函数范围：
// User.phppublic function scopeName(Builder $query): Builder{ if (request()->has('name')) { $query->where('name', 'like', "%" . request()->input('name') . "%"); } return $query;}public function scopeEmail(Builder $query): Builder{ if (request()->has('email')) { $query->where('email', 'like', "%" . request()->input('email') . "%"); } return $query;}public function scopeGender(Builder $query): Builder{ if (request()->has('gender')) { $query->where('gender', request()->input('gender')); } return $query;}public function scopeIsActive(Builder $query): Builder{ if (request()->has('is_active')) { $query->where('is_active', request()->input('is_active') ? 1 : 0); } return $query;}public function scopeIsAdmin(Builder $query): Builder{ if (request()->has('is_admin')) { $query->where('is_admin', request()->input('is_admin') ? 1 : 0); } return $query;}public function scopeBirthday(Builder $query): Builder{ if (request()->has('birthday')) { $query->where('birthday', request()->input('birthday')); } return $query;}// UserController.phppublic function __invoke(Request $request){ // /users?name=john&email=desmond&gender=female&is_active=1&is_admin=0&birthday=2015-04-11 $query = User::query() ->name() ->email() ->gender() ->isActive() ->isAdmin() ->birthday(); return $query->paginate(); // select * from `users` where `name` like '%john%' and `email` like '%desmond%' and `gender` = 'female' and `is_active` = 1 and `is_admin` = 0 and `birthday` = '2015-04-11' limit 15 offset 0}
通过这种设置，我们将大部分数据库操作移到了模型类中，但是代码重复非常多。示例 2 的名称和电子邮件范围过滤器相同，性别生日和 is_active/is_admin 组相同。我们将对类似的查询功能进行分组。
// User.phppublic function scopeRelativeFilter(Builder $query, $inputName): Builder{ if (request()->has($inputName)) { $query->where($inputName, 'like', "%" . request()->input($inputName) . "%"); } return $query;}public function scopeExactFilter(Builder $query, $inputName): Builder{ if (request()->has($inputName)) { $query->where($inputName, request()->input($inputName)); } return $query;}public function scopeBooleanFilter(Builder $query, $inputName): Builder{ if (request()->has($inputName)) { $query->where($inputName, request()->input($inputName) ? 1 : 0); } return $query;}// UserController.phppublic function __invoke(Request $request){ // /users?name=john&email=desmond&gender=female&is_active=1&is_admin=0&birthday=2015-04-11 $query = User::query() ->relativeFilter('name') ->relativeFilter('email') ->exactFilter('gender') ->booleanFilter('is_active') ->booleanFilter('is_admin') ->exactFilter('birthday'); return $query->paginate(); // select * from `users` where `name` like '%john%' and `email` like '%desmond%' and `gender` = 'female' and `is_active` = 1 and `is_admin` = 0 and `birthday` = '2015-04-11' limit 15 offset 0}
至此，我们已经对大部分重复项进行了分组。但是，删除 if 语句或将这些过滤器扩展到另一个模型有点困难。我们正在寻找一种方法来彻底解决这个问题。
使用管道设计模式
管道设计模式是一种设计模式，它提供了逐步构建和执行一系列操作的能力。 Laravel 有内置的 Pipeline 让我们可以很容易地在实际中应用这种设计模式，但由于某种原因，它没有在官方文档中列出。 Laravel 本身也将 Pipeline 应用于请求和响应之间的中间件。最基本的，要在 Laravel 中使用 Pipeline，我们可以这样使用
app(\Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline::class) ->send($intialData) ->through($pipes) ->thenReturn(); // data with pipes applied
对于我们的问题，可以将初始查询 User:query() 传递给 pipeline，通过过滤器步骤，并返回应用过滤器的查询构建器。
// UserControllerpublic function __invoke(Request $request){ // /users?name=john&email=desmond&gender=female&is_active=1&is_admin=0&birthday=2015-04-11 $query = app(Pipeline::class) ->send(User::query()) ->through([ // filters ]) ->thenReturn(); return $query->paginate();
现在我们需要构建管道过滤器：
// File: app/Models/Pipes/RelativeFilter.php<?phpnamespace App\Models\Pipes;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;class RelativeFilter{ public function __construct(protected string $inputName) { } public function handle(Builder $query, \Closure $next) { if (request()->has($this->inputName)) { $query->where($this->inputName, 'like', "%" . request()->input($this->inputName) . "%"); } return $next($query); }}// File: app/Models/Pipes/ExactFilter.php<?phpnamespace App\Models\Pipes;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;class ExactFilter{ public function __construct(protected string $inputName) { } public function handle(Builder $query, \Closure $next) { if (request()->has($this->inputName)) { $query->where($this->inputName, request()->input($this->inputName)); } return $next($query); }}//File: app/Models/Pipes/BooleanFilter.php<?phpnamespace App\Models\Pipes;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;class BooleanFilter{ public function __construct(protected string $inputName) { } public function handle(Builder $query, \Closure $next) { if (request()->has($this->inputName)) { $query->where($this->inputName, request()->input($this->inputName) ? 1 : 0); } return $next($query); }}// UserControllerpublic function __invoke(Request $request){ // /users?name=john&email=desmond&gender=female&is_active=1&is_admin=0&birthday=2015-04-11 $query = app(Pipeline::class) ->send(User::query()) ->through([ new \App\Models\Pipes\RelativeFilter('name'), new \App\Models\Pipes\RelativeFilter('email'), new \App\Models\Pipes\ExactFilter('gender'), new \App\Models\Pipes\BooleanFilter('is_active'), new \App\Models\Pipes\BooleanFilter('is_admin'), new \App\Models\Pipes\ExactFilter('birthday'), ]) ->thenReturn(); return $query->paginate(); // select * from `users` where `name` like '%john%' and `email` like '%desmond%' and `gender` = 'female' and `is_active` = 1 and `is_admin` = 0 and `birthday` = '2015-04-11' limit 15 offset 0}
通过将每个查询逻辑移动到一个单独的类，我们解锁了使用 OOP 的定制可能性，包括多态、继承、封装、抽象。比如你在 pipeline 的 handle 函数中看到，只有 if 语句中的逻辑不同，我会通过创建抽象类 BaseFilter 的方式将其分离抽象出来
//File: app/Models/Pipes/BaseFilter.php<?phpnamespace App\Models\Pipes;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;abstract class BaseFilter{ public function __construct(protected string $inputName) { } public function handle(Builder $query, \Closure $next) { if (request()->has($this->inputName)) { $query = $this->apply($query); } return $next($query); } abstract protected function apply(Builder $query): Builder;}// BooleanFilterclass BooleanFilter extends BaseFilter{ protected function apply(Builder $query): Builder { return $query->where($this->inputName, request()->input($this->inputName) ? 1 : 0); }}// ExactFilterclass ExactFilter extends BaseFilter{ protected function apply(Builder $query): Builder { return $query->where($this->inputName, request()->input($this->inputName)); }}// RelativeFilterclass RelativeFilter extends BaseFilter{ protected function apply(Builder $query): Builder { return $query->where($this->inputName, 'like', "%" . request()->input($this->inputName) . "%"); }}
现在我们的过滤器直观且高度可重用，易于实现甚至扩展，只需创建一个管道，扩展 BaseFilter 并声明函数 apply 即可应用到 Pipeline.中。
将 Local Scope 与 Pipeline 相结合
此时，我们将尝试在控制器上隐藏 Pipeline，通过在 Model 中创建一个调用 Pipeline 的作用域来使我们的代码更简洁。
// User.phppublic function scopeFilter(Builder $query){ $criteria = $this->filterCriteria(); return app(\Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline::class) ->send($query) ->through($criteria) ->thenReturn();}public function filterCriteria(): array{ return [ new \App\Models\Pipes\RelativeFilter('name'), new \App\Models\Pipes\RelativeFilter('email'), new \App\Models\Pipes\ExactFilter('gender'), new \App\Models\Pipes\BooleanFilter('is_active'), new \App\Models\Pipes\BooleanFilter('is_admin'), new \App\Models\Pipes\ExactFilter('birthday'), ];}// UserController.phppublic function __invoke(Request $request){ // /users?name=john&email=desmond&gender=female&is_active=1&is_admin=0&birthday=2015-04-11 return User::query() ->filter() ->paginate() ->appends($request->query()); // 将所有当前查询附加到分页链接中 // select * from `users` where `name` like '%john%' and `email` like '%desmond%' and `gender` = 'female' and `is_active` = 1 and `is_admin` = 0 and `birthday` = '2015-04-11' limit 15 offset 0}
用户现在可以从任何地方调用过滤器。但是其他模型也想实现过滤，我们将创建一个包含范围的 Trait，并在模型内部声明参与过滤过程的 Pipeline。
// User.phpuse App\Models\Concerns\Filterable;class User extends Authenticatable { use Filterable; protected function getFilters() { return [ new \App\Models\Pipes\RelativeFilter('name'), new \App\Models\Pipes\RelativeFilter('email'), new \App\Models\Pipes\ExactFilter('gender'), new \App\Models\Pipes\BooleanFilter('is_active'), new \App\Models\Pipes\BooleanFilter('is_admin'), new \App\Models\Pipes\ExactFilter('birthday'), ]; } // 其余代码// File: app/Models/Concerns/Filterable.phpnamespace App\Models\Concerns;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;use Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline;trait Filterable{ public function scopeFilter(Builder $query) { $criteria = $this->filterCriteria(); return app(Pipeline::class) ->send($query) ->through($criteria) ->thenReturn(); } public function filterCriteria(): array { if (method_exists($this, 'getFilters')) { return $this->getFilters(); } return []; }}
以上就是“如何实现一个Laravel查询过滤器”这篇文章的所有内容，感谢各位的阅读！相信大家阅读完这篇文章都有很大的收获，小编每天都会为大家更新不同的知识，如果还想学习更多的知识，请关注编程网行业资讯频道。
