这篇文章主要讲解了“Oracle归档日志管理的方法有哪些”，文中的讲解内容简单清晰，易于学习与理解，下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入，一起来研究和学习“Oracle归档日志管理的方法有哪些”吧！
一般情况下，数据库安装时选择的是默认NOARCHIVELOG模式。如果要开启ARCHIVELOG模式，则需要为归档日志路径设置初始化参数。
归档日志路径可以配置一个也可以配置多个。路径可以是本地路径，如本地文件系统，ASM磁盘组；也可以是远程路径，如备份数据库。设置多个归档日志路径，可以对归档日志做冗余，即使有一个目标盘损坏，也可以保证归档日志是可用的。
在配置参数时，归档日志的路径可以动态修改，在下一次日志切换的时候生效。
这里给出3种常用的归档路径的设置方案：单一归档路径方案、两路归档路径方案和多路归档路径的方案。
方案1：单一归档路径
如果只设置单一的归档目录，默认使用db_recovery_file_dest参数，使用Fast Recovery Area存放归档数据；也可手工配置log_archive_dest初始化参数，可以配置为本地文件系统，ASM磁盘组。使用log_archive_dest_n参数的方法在第三种方案进行讨论。
具体操作如下：
--如果使用fast recovery area存放归档日志，需要注意该区域有大小限制，建议将大小调大
SYS@cams> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_
area
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 4182M
SYS@cams> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=10G;
System altered.
SYS@cams> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_
area
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 10G--如果使用本地路径存放归档日志，需要将db_recovery_file_dest参数置空，然后设置log_archive_dest参数。这里给出的是本地文件系统例子，读者可自行测试ASM磁盘组。
SYS@cams> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='';
System altered.
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive';
System altered.需要将LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n和DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST参数置空，以免出现如下问题：
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST';
alter system set log_archive_dest='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-16018: cannot use LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST with LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n or
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST此时，可以看到trace日志的变化，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1的默认值自动调整过程。其中，在使用Fast Recovery Area归档的情况下，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1的默认值为USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST。
Tue Dec 18 17:48:24 2018
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest_size='10G' SCOPE=BOTH;
Tue Dec 18 17:52:13 2018
Cleared LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value
Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest='' SCOPE=BOTH;
Tue Dec 18 17:52:28 2018
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive' SCOPE=BOTH;--首先创建新的归档路径
[oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive--此时对日志进行切换，触发写归档日志
SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.--查看新生成的归档日志
[oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive
total 11960
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12244992 Dec 18 17:57 1_25_994950965.dbftrace日志中也可以看到LGWR switch操作
Tue Dec 18 17:57:10 2018
Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 26
Private strand flush not complete
Current log# 1 seq# 25 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo01.log
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 26 (LGWR switch)
Current log# 2 seq# 26 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.log
Tue Dec 18 17:57:10 2018
Archived Log entry 20 added for thread 1 sequence 25 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1:方案2：两路归档路径
如果要设置两路归档路径，常用的方案是配置log_archive_dest和log_archive_duplex_dest参数。用log_archive_dest_n参数的方法在第三种方案进行讨论。
具体操作如下：
--创建新的归档路径
[oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive1--设置log_archive_duplex_dest参数路径并切换日志触发写归档日志
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_duplex_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive1';
System altered.
SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.--查看新生成的归档日志文件，显然新生成的归档大小和文件名一致。两份归档日志互为冗余。
[oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive
total 15704
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12244992 Dec 18 17:57 1_25_994950965.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3830272 Dec 18 18:30 1_26_994950965.dbf
[oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive1
total 3744
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3830272 Dec 18 18:30 1_26_994950965.dbf查看trace日志，可以看到LGWR switch操作，然后分别在两个目录下写归档。
Tue Dec 18 18:30:01 2018
Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 27
Private strand flush not complete
Current log# 2 seq# 26 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.log
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 27 (LGWR switch)
Current log# 3 seq# 27 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.log
Tue Dec 18 18:30:02 2018
Archived Log entry 21 added for thread 1 sequence 26 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1:
Archived Log entry 22 added for thread 1 sequence 26 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2:方案3：多路归档路径
如果要设置多路归档路径，需要使用log_archive_dest_n参数，其中，n的取值为1到31的整数，也就是说，可以指定1到31个独立的路径作为归档日志的路径。
log_archive_dest_n参数的取值可以选择LOCATION或SERVIDE关键字。如果使用LOCATION关键字，可以选择本地文件系统、ASM磁盘组或USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST代表的闪回恢复区；如果使用SERVICE关键字，可以选择备库的网络连接标识符连接备份数据库。
具体操作如下：
--创建本地归档目录
[oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive2
[oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive3--配置log_archive_dest_n参数
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_duplex_dest='';
System altered.
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest='';
System altered.
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST';
System altered.
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive2';
System altered.
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_3='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive3';
System altered.需要注意置空的顺序，以免出现如下错误
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest='';
alter system set log_archive_dest=''
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-16022: LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST cannot be NULL because LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST is
non-NULL需要将LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST和LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST参数置空，以免出现如下问题：
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-16019: cannot use LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 with LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST or
LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST--切换日志，触发写归档日志
SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.查看新生成的归档日志文件，显然新生成的归档大小和文件名一致。两份归档日志互为冗余。
[oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive2
total 5440
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4416512 Dec 18 19:09 1_27_994950965.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1148416 Dec 18 19:23 1_28_994950965.dbf
[oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive3
total 5440
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4416512 Dec 18 19:09 1_27_994950965.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1148416 Dec 18 19:23 1_28_994950965.dbf查看trace日志，看到错误提示，提示DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST未设置值
Tue Dec 18 19:23:59 2018
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cams/cams/trace/cams_arc3_29341.trc:
ORA-19801: initialization parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST is not set
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cams/cams/trace/cams_arc3_29341.trc:
ORA-16032: parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 destination string cannot be translated
ORA-19801: initialization parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST is not set
Archived Log entry 25 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2:
Archived Log entry 26 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3:为DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST参数配置数值，切换日志
SYS@cams> alter system set DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area';
System altered.
SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.查看trace日志信息，最后可看到同时写入了3个归档路径
Tue Dec 18 19:27:58 2018
**********************************************************
WARNING: Files may exists in db_recovery_file_dest
that are not known to the database. Use the RMAN command
CATALOG RECOVERY AREA to re-catalog any such files.
If files cannot be cataloged, then manually delete them
using OS command.
One of the following events caused this:
1. A backup controlfile was restored.
2. A standby controlfile was restored.
3. The controlfile was re-created.
4. db_recovery_file_dest had previously been enabled and
then disabled.
**********************************************************
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' SCOPE=BOTH;
Tue Dec 18 19:27:58 2018
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 10240 MB is 5.63% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Tue Dec 18 19:28:01 2018
Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 30
Private strand flush not complete
Current log# 2 seq# 29 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.log
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 30 (LGWR switch)
Current log# 3 seq# 30 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.log
Tue Dec 18 19:28:01 2018
Archived Log entry 27 added for thread 1 sequence 29 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2:
Archived Log entry 28 added for thread 1 sequence 29 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3:
Tue Dec 18 19:33:38 2018
Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 31
Private strand flush not complete
Current log# 3 seq# 30 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.log
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 31 (LGWR switch)
Current log# 1 seq# 31 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo01.log
Tue Dec 18 19:33:39 2018
Expanded controlfile section 11 from 28 to 62 records
Requested to grow by 34 records; added 2 blocks of records
Archived Log entry 29 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1:
Archived Log entry 30 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2:
Archived Log entry 31 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3:感谢各位的阅读，以上就是“Oracle归档日志管理的方法有哪些”的内容了，经过本文的学习后，相信大家对Oracle归档日志管理的方法有哪些这一问题有了更深刻的体会，具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是亿速云，小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章，欢迎关注！
