点赞功能在很多系统中都有,但别看功能小,想要做好需要考虑的东西还挺多的。
点赞、取消点赞是高频次的操作,若每次都读写数据库,大量的操作会影响数据库性能,所以需要做缓存。
至于多久从 Redis 取一次数据存到数据库中,根据项目的实际情况定吧,我是暂时设了两个小时。
项目需求需要查看都谁点赞了,所以要存储每个点赞的点赞人、被点赞人,不能简单的做计数。
文章分四部分介绍:
- Redis 缓存设计及实现
- 数据库设计
- 数据库操作
- 开启定时任务持久化存储到数据库
一、Redis 缓存设计及实现
1.1 Redis 安装及运行
Redis 安装请自行查阅相关教程。
说下Docker 安装运行 Redis
- docker run -d -p 6379:6379 redis:4.0.8
如果已经安装了 Redis,打开命令行,输入启动 Redis 的命令
- redis-server
1.2 Redis 与 SpringBoot 项目的整合
在 pom.xml 中引入依赖
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redisartifactId>
- dependency>
在启动类上添加注释 @EnableCaching
- @SpringBootApplication
- @EnableDiscoveryClient
- @EnableSwagger2
- @EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.solo.coderiver.project.client")
- @EnableCaching
- public class UserApplication {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args);
- }
- }
编写 Redis 配置类 RedisConfig
- import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
- import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
- import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
- import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
- import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
- import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
- import java.net.UnknownHostException;
- @Configuration
- public class RedisConfig {
- @Bean
- @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate")
- public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(
- RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)
- throws UnknownHostException {
- Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object>(Object.class);
- ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
- om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
- om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
- jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);
- RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<String, Object>();
- template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
- template.setKeySerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
- template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
- template.setHashKeySerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
- template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
- template.afterPropertiesSet();
- return template;
- }
- @Bean
- @ConditionalOnMissingBean(StringRedisTemplate.class)
- public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(
- RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)
- throws UnknownHostException {
- StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
- template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
- return template;
- }
- }
至此 Redis 在 SpringBoot 项目中的配置已经完成,可以愉快的使用了。
1.3 Redis 的数据结构类型
Redis 可以存储键与5种不同数据结构类型之间的映射,这5种数据结构类型分别为String(字符串)、List(列表)、Set(集合)、Hash(散列)和 Zset(有序集合)。
下面来对这5种数据结构类型作简单的介绍:
1.4 点赞数据在 Redis 中的存储格式
用 Redis 存储两种数据,一种是记录点赞人、被点赞人、点赞状态的数据,另一种是每个用户被点赞了多少次,做个简单的计数。
由于需要记录点赞人和被点赞人,还有点赞状态(点赞、取消点赞),还要固定时间间隔取出 Redis 中所有点赞数据,分析了下 Redis 数据格式中 Hash 最合适。
因为 Hash 里的数据都是存在一个键里,可以通过这个键很方便的把所有的点赞数据都取出。这个键里面的数据还可以存成键值对的形式,方便存入点赞人、被点赞人和点赞状态。
设点赞人的 id 为 likedPostId,被点赞人的 id 为 likedUserId ,点赞时状态为 1,取消点赞状态为 0。将点赞人 id 和被点赞人 id 作为键,两个 id 中间用 :: 隔开,点赞状态作为值。
所以如果用户点赞,存储的键为:likedUserId::likedPostId,对应的值为 1 。取消点赞,存储的键为:likedUserId::likedPostId,对应的值为 0 。取数据时把键用 :: 切开就得到了两个id,也很方便。
在可视化工具 RDM 中看到的是这样子
1.5 操作 Redis
将具体操作方法封装到了 RedisService 接口里
RedisService.java
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO;
- import java.util.List;
- public interface RedisService {
-
- void saveLiked2Redis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);
-
- void unlikeFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);
-
- void deleteLikedFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);
-
- void incrementLikedCount(String likedUserId);
-
- void decrementLikedCount(String likedUserId);
-
- List<UserLike> getLikedDataFromRedis();
-
- List<LikedCountDTO> getLikedCountFromRedis();
- }
实现类 RedisServiceImpl.java
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.RedisService;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.utils.RedisKeyUtils;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.data.redis.core.Cursor;
- import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
- import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ScanOptions;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
- @Service
- @Slf4j
- public class RedisServiceImpl implements RedisService {
- @Autowired
- RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
- @Autowired
- LikedService likedService;
- @Override
- public void saveLiked2Redis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) {
- String key = RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId);
- redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode());
- }
- @Override
- public void unlikeFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) {
- String key = RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId);
- redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key, LikedStatusEnum.UNLIKE.getCode());
- }
- @Override
- public void deleteLikedFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) {
- String key = RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId);
- redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key);
- }
- @Override
- public void incrementLikedCount(String likedUserId) {
- redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, likedUserId, 1);
- }
- @Override
- public void decrementLikedCount(String likedUserId) {
- redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, likedUserId, -1);
- }
- @Override
- public List<UserLike> getLikedDataFromRedis() {
- Cursor<Map.Entry<Object, Object>> cursor = redisTemplate.opsForHash().scan(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, ScanOptions.NONE);
- List<UserLike> list = new ArrayList<>();
- while (cursor.hasNext()){
- Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry = cursor.next();
- String key = (String) entry.getKey();
- //分离出 likedUserId,likedPostId
- String[] split = key.split("::");
- String likedUserId = split[0];
- String likedPostId = split[1];
- Integer value = (Integer) entry.getValue();
- //组装成 UserLike 对象
- UserLike userLike = new UserLike(likedUserId, likedPostId, value);
- list.add(userLike);
- //存到 list 后从 Redis 中删除
- redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key);
- }
- return list;
- }
- @Override
- public List<LikedCountDTO> getLikedCountFromRedis() {
- Cursor<Map.Entry<Object, Object>> cursor = redisTemplate.opsForHash().scan(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, ScanOptions.NONE);
- List<LikedCountDTO> list = new ArrayList<>();
- while (cursor.hasNext()){
- Map.Entry<Object, Object> map = cursor.next();
- //将点赞数量存储在 LikedCountDT
- String key = (String)map.getKey();
- LikedCountDTO dto = new LikedCountDTO(key, (Integer) map.getValue());
- list.add(dto);
- //从Redis中删除这条记录
- redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, key);
- }
- return list;
- }
- }
用到的工具类和枚举类
RedisKeyUtils, 用于根据一定规则生成 key
- public class RedisKeyUtils {
- //保存用户点赞数据的key
- public static final String MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED = "MAP_USER_LIKED";
- //保存用户被点赞数量的key
- public static final String MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT = "MAP_USER_LIKED_COUNT";
-
- public static String getLikedKey(String likedUserId, String likedPostId){
- StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
- builder.append(likedUserId);
- builder.append("::");
- builder.append(likedPostId);
- return builder.toString();
- }
- }
LikedStatusEnum 用户点赞状态的枚举类
- package com.solo.coderiver.user.enums;
- import lombok.Getter;
-
- @Getter
- public enum LikedStatusEnum {
- LIKE(1, "点赞"),
- UNLIKE(0, "取消点赞/未点赞"),
- ;
- private Integer code;
- private String msg;
- LikedStatusEnum(Integer code, String msg) {
- this.code = code;
- this.msg = msg;
- }
- }
二、数据库设计
数据库表中至少要包含三个字段:被点赞用户id,点赞用户id,点赞状态。再加上主键id,创建时间,修改时间就行了。
建表语句
- create table `user_like`(
- `id` int not null auto_increment,
- `liked_user_id` varchar(32) not null comment '被点赞的用户id',
- `liked_post_id` varchar(32) not null comment '点赞的用户id',
- `status` tinyint(1) default '1' comment '点赞状态,0取消,1点赞',
- `create_time` timestamp not null default current_timestamp comment '创建时间',
- `update_time` timestamp not null default current_timestamp on update current_timestamp comment '修改时间',
- primary key(`id`),
- INDEX `liked_user_id`(`liked_user_id`),
- INDEX `liked_post_id`(`liked_post_id`)
- ) comment '用户点赞表';
对应的对象 UserLike
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;
- import lombok.Data;
- import javax.persistence.Entity;
- import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
- import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
- import javax.persistence.Id;
-
- @Entity
- @Data
- public class UserLike {
- //主键id
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
- private Integer id;
- //被点赞的用户的id
- private String likedUserId;
- //点赞的用户的id
- private String likedPostId;
- //点赞的状态.默认未点赞
- private Integer status = LikedStatusEnum.UNLIKE.getCode();
- public UserLike() {
- }
- public UserLike(String likedUserId, String likedPostId, Integer status) {
- this.likedUserId = likedUserId;
- this.likedPostId = likedPostId;
- this.status = status;
- }
- }
三、数据库操作
操作数据库同样封装在接口中
LikedService
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;
- import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
- import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
- import java.util.List;
- public interface LikedService {
-
- UserLike save(UserLike userLike);
-
- List<UserLike> saveAll(List<UserLike> list);
-
- Page<UserLike> getLikedListByLikedUserId(String likedUserId, Pageable pageable);
-
- Page<UserLike> getLikedListByLikedPostId(String likedPostId, Pageable pageable);
-
- UserLike getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);
-
- void transLikedFromRedis2DB();
-
- void transLikedCountFromRedis2DB();
- }
LikedServiceImpl 实现类
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserInfo;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.repository.UserLikeRepository;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.RedisService;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.UserService;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
- import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
- import java.util.List;
- @Service
- @Slf4j
- public class LikedServiceImpl implements LikedService {
- @Autowired
- UserLikeRepository likeRepository;
- @Autowired
- RedisService redisService;
- @Autowired
- UserService userService;
- @Override
- @Transactional
- public UserLike save(UserLike userLike) {
- return likeRepository.save(userLike);
- }
- @Override
- @Transactional
- public List<UserLike> saveAll(List<UserLike> list) {
- return likeRepository.saveAll(list);
- }
- @Override
- public Page<UserLike> getLikedListByLikedUserId(String likedUserId, Pageable pageable) {
- return likeRepository.findByLikedUserIdAndStatus(likedUserId, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode(), pageable);
- }
- @Override
- public Page<UserLike> getLikedListByLikedPostId(String likedPostId, Pageable pageable) {
- return likeRepository.findByLikedPostIdAndStatus(likedPostId, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode(), pageable);
- }
- @Override
- public UserLike getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) {
- return likeRepository.findByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(likedUserId, likedPostId);
- }
- @Override
- @Transactional
- public void transLikedFromRedis2DB() {
- List<UserLike> list = redisService.getLikedDataFromRedis();
- for (UserLike like : list) {
- UserLike ul = getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(like.getLikedUserId(), like.getLikedPostId());
- if (ul == null){
- //没有记录,直接存入
- save(like);
- }else{
- //有记录,需要更新
- ul.setStatus(like.getStatus());
- save(ul);
- }
- }
- }
- @Override
- @Transactional
- public void transLikedCountFromRedis2DB() {
- List<LikedCountDTO> list = redisService.getLikedCountFromRedis();
- for (LikedCountDTO dto : list) {
- UserInfo user = userService.findById(dto.getId());
- //点赞数量属于无关紧要的操作,出错无需抛异常
- if (user != null){
- Integer likeNum = user.getLikeNum() + dto.getCount();
- user.setLikeNum(likeNum);
- //更新点赞数量
- userService.updateInfo(user);
- }
- }
- }
- }
数据库的操作就这些,主要还是增删改查。
四、开启定时任务持久化存储到数据库
定时任务 Quartz 很强大,就用它了。
Quartz 使用步骤:
添加依赖
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartzartifactId>
- dependency>
编写配置文件
- package com.solo.coderiver.user.config;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.task.LikeTask;
- import org.quartz.*;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- @Configuration
- public class QuartzConfig {
- private static final String LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY = "LikeTaskQuartz";
- @Bean
- public JobDetail quartzDetail(){
- return JobBuilder.newJob(LikeTask.class).withIdentity(LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY).storeDurably().build();
- }
- @Bean
- public Trigger quartzTrigger(){
- SimpleScheduleBuilder scheduleBuilder = SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
- // .withIntervalInSeconds(10) //设置时间周期单位秒
- .withIntervalInHours(2) //两个小时执行一次
- .repeatForever();
- return TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().forJob(quartzDetail())
- .withIdentity(LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY)
- .withSchedule(scheduleBuilder)
- .build();
- }
- }
编写执行任务的类继承自 QuartzJobBean
- package com.solo.coderiver.user.task;
- import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateUtils;
- import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
- import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.Date;
-
- @Slf4j
- public class LikeTask extends QuartzJobBean {
- @Autowired
- LikedService likedService;
- private SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
- @Override
- protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {
- log.info("LikeTask-------- {}", sdf.format(new Date()));
- //将 Redis 里的点赞信息同步到数据库里
- likedService.transLikedFromRedis2DB();
- likedService.transLikedCountFromRedis2DB();
- }
- }
在定时任务中直接调用 LikedService 封装的方法完成数据同步。
以上就是点赞功能的设计与实现,不足之处还请各位大佬多多指教。
另外,点赞/取消点赞 跟 点赞数 +1/ -1 应该保证是原子操作 , 不然出现并发问题就会有两条重复的点赞记录 , 所以要给整个原子操作加锁 . 同时需要在Spring Boot 的系统关闭钩子函数中补充同步redis中点赞数据到mysql中的过程 . 不然有可能出现距离上一次同步1小时59分的时候服务器更新 , 把整整两小时的点赞数据都给清空了 . 如果点赞设计到比较重要活动业务的话这就很尴尬了 .
如有更好的实现方案欢迎在评论区交流…