Nginx使用Lua模块实现WAF的原理解析

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake make unzip
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel

# 进入目录
cd /usr/local/src/
 
# 下载LuaJIT2.0
wget http://luajit.org/download/LuaJIT-2.0.5.tar.gz
 
# 解压
tar xf LuaJIT-2.0.5.tar.gz && cd LuaJIT-2.0.5
 
# 编译
make
 
# 安装
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/lj2
 
# 建立软连接
ln -s /usr/local/lj2/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2 /lib64/
 
# 添加环境变量
export LUAJIT_LIB=/usr/local/lj2/lib/
export LUAJIT_INC=/usr/local/lj2/include/luajit-2.0/

# 进入目录
cd /user/local/src/
 
# 下载v0.3.0.tar.gz
wget  https://github.com/simplresty/ngx_devel_kit/archive/v0.3.0.tar.gz -O ngx_devel_kit.tar.gz
 
# 解压
tar xf ngx_devel_kit.tar.gz

# 进入目录
cd /user/local/src/
 
# 下载v0.10.9rc7.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module/archive/v0.10.9rc7.tar.gz
 
# 解压
tar -xzvf v0.10.9rc7.tar.gz

# 进入目录
cd /user/local/src/
 
# 下载
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.21.0.tar.gz
 
# 解压
tar xf nginx-1.21.0.tar.gz
 
# 进入nginx目录
cd nginx-1.21.0
 
# 编译
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_realip_module --with-pcre --add-module=/usr/local/src/lua-nginx-module-0.10.9rc7 --add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_devel_kit-0.3.0 --with-stream
 
# 安装
make && make install
 
# 添加nginx配置，在server块里添加下面内容
[root@localhost_test_192.168.10.132 11:04:48 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
 
location /lua {
    default_type 'text/plain';
 
    content_by_lua 'ngx.say("hello, lua")';
}
 
# 检查语法
[root@localhost_test_192.168.10.132 09:59:33 /usr/local/src]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
 
# 启动
[root@localhost_test_192.168.10.132 11:08:35 ~]# nginx
 
# 测试
curl 127.0.0.1:80/lua

# 进入目录
cd /user/local/src/
 
# 把ngx_lua_waf下载到conf目录下
wget https://github.com/loveshell/ngx_lua_waf/archive/master.zip
 
# 解压命名为waf
unzip master.zip -d /usr/local/nginx/conf/
 
# 更改目录名
mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/ngx_lua_waf-master /usr/local/nginx/conf/waf
 
# 在nginx.conf的http段添加
lua_package_path "/usr/local/nginx/conf/waf/?.lua";
lua_shared_dict limit 10m;
init_by_lua_file  /usr/local/nginx/conf/waf/init.lua;
access_by_lua_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/waf/waf.lua;
 
# 在nginx.conf最外层添加用户运行
user www;
 
# 创建日志目录
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/logs/hack
chown www /usr/local/nginx/logs/hack
 
# Lua_waf 配置
[root@localhost_test_192.168.10.132 11:33:53 /usr/local/nginx/conf/waf]# cat config.lua
# 规则存放路径
RulePath = "/usr/local/nginx/conf/waf/wafconf/"
# 是否开启攻击信息记录，需要配置logdir
attacklog = "on"
# log存储目录，该目录需要用户自己新建，切需要nginx用户的可写权限
logdir = "/usr/local/nginx/logs/hack/"
# 是否拦截url访问
UrlDeny="on"
# 是否拦截后重定向
Redirect="on"
# 是否拦截cookie攻击
CookieMatch="on"
# 是否拦截post攻击
postMatch="on"
# 是否开启URL白名单
whiteModule="on"
# 填写不允许上传文件后缀类型
black_fileExt={"php","jsp"}
# ip白名单，多个ip用逗号分隔
ipWhitelist={"127.0.0.1"}
# ip黑名单，多个ip用逗号分隔
ipBlocklist={"192.168.10.1"}
# 是否开启拦截cc攻击(需要nginx.conf的http段增加lua_shared_dict limit 10m;)
CCDeny="off"
# 设置cc攻击频率，单位为秒.
# 默认1分钟同一个IP只能请求同一个地址100次
CCrate="100/60"
# 告警内容
html= []
 
# 规则文件
[root@localhost_test_192.168.10.132 11:42:12 /usr/local/nginx/conf/waf]# ll wafconf/
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 749 Apr  6  2016 args
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 652 Apr  6  2016 cookie
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 733 Apr  6  2016 post
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 335 Apr  6  2016 url
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177 Apr  6  2016 user-agent
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   8 Apr  6  2016 whiteurl
 
args里面的规则get参数进行过滤的
cookie是对请求过滤的cookie过滤
url是只在get请求url过滤的规则
post是只在post请求过滤的规则
whiteurl是白名单，里面的url匹配到不做过滤
user-agent是对user-agent的过滤规则
 
# 加载Nginx
[root@localhost_test_192.168.10.132 11:32:41]# nginx -s reload