一、项目案例准备
首先我们大家案例环境,通过【RestTemplate】来实现服务调用,通过【Ribbon】实现客户端负载均衡操作。
1.Order服务
我们的Order服务作为服务提供者。创建SpringBoot项目,并添加相关依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.4.9</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.bobo.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-order-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>spring-cloud-order-server</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR10</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
然后在属性文件中添加相关的配置
spring.application.name=spring-cloud-order-service
server.port=8081
然后创建自定义的Controller 提供对外的服务
@RestController
public class OrderController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private int port;
@GetMapping("/orders")
public String orders(){
System.out.println("Order 服务端口是:"+port);
return "Order Services ..... ";
}
}
然后我们可以分别启动两个Order服务,端口分别设置为 8081和8082
2.User服务
User服务作为调用用Order服务的客户端。也是我们要重点介绍【Ribbon】的服务。同样创建一个SpringBoot项目,添加相关的依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.bobo.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-user-service2</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>spring-cloud-user-service2</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR10</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
然后在属性文件中配置相关信息
spring.application.name=spring-cloud-user-service
spring-cloud-order-service.ribbon.listOfServers=localhost:8081,localhost:8082
然后创建自定义的Controller来实现服务的调用
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
public RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
@GetMapping("/users")
public String users(){
ServiceInstance choose = loadBalancerClient.choose("spring-cloud-order-service");
String url = String.format("http://%s:%s",choose.getHost(),choose.getPort()+"/orders");
//return restTemplate.getForObject(url,String.class);
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://spring-cloud-order-service/orders",String.class);
}
}
然后启动User服务访问,可以看到【Ribbon】默认通过轮询的方式来实现了服务的调用
二、Ribbon原理分析
应用比较简单,我们主要是来分析下【Ribbon】的核心原理,先来看看自动装配做了哪些事情。
1.RibbonAutoConfiguration
Ribbon在系统启动的时候自动装配完成的设置,我们先来看看对应的spring.factories 中的配置信息吧
emsp; 所以我们要继续来看【RibbonAutoConfiguration】配置类,我们贴出【RibbonAutoConfiguration】的关键信息
@Configuration
@Conditional({RibbonAutoConfiguration.RibbonClassesConditions.class})
@RibbonClients
@AutoConfigureAfter(
name = {"org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EurekaClientAutoConfiguration"}
)
// RibbonAutoConfiguration配置类注入容器后会完成 LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration 和 AsyncLoadBalancerAutoConfiguration 的注入
@AutoConfigureBefore({LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration.class, AsyncLoadBalancerAutoConfiguration.class})
@EnableConfigurationProperties({RibbonEagerLoadProperties.class, ServerIntrospectorProperties.class})
public class RibbonAutoConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({LoadBalancerClient.class})
public LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient() {
return new RibbonLoadBalancerClient(this.springClientFactory());
}
// 省略其他代码
通过源码查看我们知道在SpringBoot项目启动的时候完成了【LoadBalancerClient】对象的注入,且具体的类型为【RibbonLoadBalancerClient】,同时还会完成【LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration】这个配置类型的加载。在看【LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration】做了什么事情之前,我们先来搞清楚【@LoadBalanced】注解的作用
2.LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration
@Target({ ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.METHOD })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Qualifier
public @interface LoadBalanced {
}
【@LoadBalanced】本质上就是一个【@Qualifier】注解。作用就是标记,我们通过案例来演示说明。
定义一个简单的【User】类
public class User {
String name;
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
然后定义一个Java配置类,有两个添加了【@LoadBalanced】注解,有一个没有加。
@Configuration
public class JavaConfig {
@LoadBalanced
@Bean("user1")
public User user1(){
return new User("user1");
}
@Bean("user2")
public User user2(){
return new User("user2");
}
@LoadBalanced
@Bean("user3")
public User user3(){
return new User("user3");
}
}
然后创建我们的控制器,来测试使用
@RestController
public class UsersController {
@LoadBalanced
@Autowired
List<User> list = Collections.emptyList();
@GetMapping("/querys")
public String query(){
return list.toString();
}
}
项目结构
启动SpringBoot项目后我们看效果
搞清楚了【@LoadBalanced】的作用后,我们再来看看【LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration】的配置加载做了什么事情
public class LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration {
@LoadBalanced
@Autowired(required = false)
private List<RestTemplate> restTemplates = Collections.emptyList();
@Autowired(required = false)
private List<LoadBalancerRequestTransformer> transformers = Collections.emptyList();
@Bean
public SmartInitializingSingleton loadBalancedRestTemplateInitializerDeprecated(
final ObjectProvider<List<RestTemplateCustomizer>> restTemplateCustomizers) {
return () -> restTemplateCustomizers.ifAvailable(customizers -> {
for (RestTemplate restTemplate : LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration.this.restTemplates) {
for (RestTemplateCustomizer customizer : customizers) {
customizer.customize(restTemplate);
}
}
});
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public LoadBalancerRequestFactory loadBalancerRequestFactory(
LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient) {
return new LoadBalancerRequestFactory(loadBalancerClient, this.transformers);
}
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnMissingClass("org.springframework.retry.support.RetryTemplate")
static class LoadBalancerInterceptorConfig {
@Bean
public LoadBalancerInterceptor loadBalancerInterceptor(
LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient,
LoadBalancerRequestFactory requestFactory) {
return new LoadBalancerInterceptor(loadBalancerClient, requestFactory);
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public RestTemplateCustomizer restTemplateCustomizer(
final LoadBalancerInterceptor loadBalancerInterceptor) {
return restTemplate -> {
// 获取 RestTemplate 中原有的 拦截器
List<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor> list = new ArrayList<>(
restTemplate.getInterceptors());
// 在原有的拦截器的基础上 添加了一个 LoadBalancerInterceptor
list.add(loadBalancerInterceptor);
// 然后将添加有新的 拦截器的集合 设置到了 RestTemplate 对象中
restTemplate.setInterceptors(list);
};
}
}
// 省略其他代码
}
通过对应的备注大家可以搞清楚该配置类的作用是实现了对【RestTemplate】对象(被@LoadBalanced修饰)植入【LoadBalancerInterceptor】拦截器的功能。
总结
Ribbon系统时的操作
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