1. 简介
本文介绍Java 8 Predicate链.
2. 基本用法
怎么使用简单的Predicate来过滤list中的name
@Test
public void whenFilterList_thenSuccess(){
List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Adam", "Alexander", "John", "Tom");
List<String> result = names.stream()
.filter(name -> name.startsWith("A"))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(2, result.size());
assertThat(result, contains("Adam","Alexander"));
}
我们使用Predicate来筛选以大写字母A开头的姓名。
name -> name.startsWith("A")
那么如果多个条件这么办?
3. 多条件过滤
@Test
public void whenFilterListWithMultipleFilters_thenSuccess(){
List<String> result = names.stream()
.filter(name -> name.startsWith("A"))
.filter(name -> name.length() < 5)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(1, result.size());
assertThat(result, contains("Adam"));
}
用两个filter传入两个 Predicate分别过滤 【以A开头的】和【姓名长度小于5】的。
4. 复杂条件
@Test
public void whenFilterListWithComplexPredicate_thenSuccess(){
List<String> result = names.stream()
.filter(name -> name.startsWith("A") && name.length() < 5)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(1, result.size());
assertThat(result, contains("Adam"));
}
使用一个 filter 传入复杂的Predicate.
5. 组合使用Predicate
Predicates可以将 Predicate.and(), Predicate.or() 和 Predicate.negate()组合起来使用。
5.1. Predicate.and()
@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCombinedPredicatesUsingAnd_thenSuccess(){
Predicate<String> predicate1 = str -> str.startsWith("A");
Predicate<String> predicate2 = str -> str.length() < 5;
List<String> result = names.stream()
.filter(predicate1.and(predicate2))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(1, result.size());
assertThat(result, contains("Adam"));
}
两个条件都要满足
5.2. Predicate.or()
满足其中一个即可
@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCombinedPredicatesUsingOr_thenSuccess(){
Predicate<String> predicate1 = str -> str.startsWith("J");
Predicate<String> predicate2 = str -> str.length() < 4;
List<String> result = names.stream()
.filter(predicate1.or(predicate2))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(2, result.size());
assertThat(result, contains("John","Tom"));
}
5.3. Predicate.negate()
将此条件取反
Predicate<String> predicate2 = str -> str.length() < 4;
相当于
Predicate<String> predicate2 = str -> str.length() >= 4;
@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCombinedPredicatesUsingOrAndNegate_thenSuccess(){
Predicate<String> predicate1 = str -> str.startsWith("J");
Predicate<String> predicate2 = str -> str.length() < 4;
List<String> result = names.stream()
.filter(predicate1.or(predicate2.negate()))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(3, result.size());
assertThat(result, contains("Adam","Alexander","John"));
}
5.4. 内联的方式组合使用Predicates
@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCombinedPredicatesInline_thenSuccess(){
List<String> result = names.stream()
.filter(((Predicate<String>)name -> name.startsWith("A"))
.and(name -> name.length()<5))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(1, result.size());
assertThat(result, contains("Adam"));
}
6. 组合Predicates集合
在开始介绍之前,简单介绍下 reduce 函数:
`java.util.stream.Stream#reduce(T, java.util.function.BinaryOperator<T>)`
源码的注释中给出等价的写法:
T result = identity;
for (T element : this stream)
result = accumulator.apply(result, element)
return result;
即,第一个参数当做初始值,后续参数和第一个参数进行运算,最终得到结果。
接下来我们看下面 reduce 中 and 操作的例子:
@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCollectionOfPredicatesUsingAnd_thenSuccess(){
List<Predicate<String>> allPredicates = new ArrayList<Predicate<String>>();
allPredicates.add(str -> str.startsWith("A"));
allPredicates.add(str -> str.contains("d"));
allPredicates.add(str -> str.length() > 4);
List<String> result = names.stream()
.filter(allPredicates.stream().reduce(x->true, Predicate::and))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(1, result.size());
assertThat(result, contains("Alexander"));
}
注意这里初始条件是 true (如果初始条件为 false ,后续即使都满足,和初始值一起 and ,也没结果)
然后看 reduce 中使用 or 操作的例子:
@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCollectionOfPredicatesUsingOr_thenSuccess(){
List<String> result = names.stream()
.filter(allPredicates.stream().reduce(x->false, Predicate::or))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals(2, result.size());
assertThat(result, contains("Adam","Alexander"));
}
Predicate::or 操作,通常会将初始值设置为 false,因为如果初始值为 true 不管后续条件是否为 true 最终结果都为 true。
7. 结论
本文介绍Java 8 Predicate。介绍了 Predicate在Stream的filter函数中的运用。讲述了复杂的Predicate或者Predicate的组合的用法。
英文原文:https://www.baeldung.com/java-predicate-chain
到此这篇关于Java 8 Predicate花样用法详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Java 8 Predicate内容请搜索编程网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程网!