1. MYSQL的安装以及测试
1.1 什么是数据库,有什么作用,以及有哪些特点
1.1.1 Database,DB,是一个数据的仓库;
1.1.2 用于保存、管理数据
1.1.3 特点:
1.1.3.1 一致性、完整性
1.1.3.2 降低冗余(重复)
1.1.3.3 应用的共享,以及有组织
1.1.4 数据仓库: 偏向于数据分析,是数据挖掘的一种
1.2 数据库的分类
1.2.1 关系型数据库(SQL),用“表”来存储
1.2.1.1 MYSQL
1.2.1.2 Oracle
1.2.1.3 SQL Server
1.2.1.4 SQLite
1.2.1.5 DB2
1.2.2 非关系型数据库(NoSQL)
1.2.2.1 MongoDB
1.2.2.2 Redis
1.3 DBMS
1.3.1 database management system
1.4 mysql-5.5.40-win32.msi的安装
1.4.1 Next -> custom setup -> install -> Next -> configuration enabled -> Detail -> Developer Machine -> Multifunctional Database -> Path -> connection number(DSS/OLAP 20) -> enabled tcp/ip port = 3306, enable strict mode -> mannual selected default character set/collation(utf-8) -> install as windows service -> modify security settings -> enabled root access from remote machines -> Execute
1.4.2 环境变量的配置
1.4.2.1 找到系统高级设置的环境变量PATH,添加MYSQL 5.5\bin;(绝对路径)
1.4.3 测试
1.4.3.1 计算机 -> 管理 -> 服务和应用程序 -> 查看MYSQL (或者在命令窗口输入service.msc)
1.4.3.2 cmd -> 以管理员身份运行 -> net stop mysql -> net start mysql -> mysql -uroot -p***
1.4.4 软件的卸载
1.4.4.1 控制面板 -> 卸载软件
1.4.4.2 将安装文件夹删除
1.4.4.3 C: -> programdata -> MYSQL 文件删除 (如果找不到programData,组织->文件夹和搜索->查看->显示隐藏文件、文件夹)
1.4.4.4 regedit -> HKEY_local_machine -> system -> service -> MySQL 删除
1.4.4.5 测试: show databases :
1.4.4.6 查看版本 select version():
1.5 SQLyog管理工具
1.3.1 可手动操作、管理MYSQL数据库的软件工具
1.3.2 MYSQL | localhost root *** 3306 连接
1.3.3 User Manager -> 编辑用户
1.3.4 用户名:yunjian 注册码:81f43d3dd20872b6
1.6 sql常用代码:
DESC tabledemo; --查看表结构;
CREATE TABLE tabledemo2(
stu_uid VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生ID',
stu_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生名称',
stu_Birthday DATE DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学生生日',
PRIMARY KEY(stu_uid)
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_Format=COMPACT COMMENT='学生类'; --新建一个tabledemo2的表;必须先build至少一个column;
DESC tabledemo2;
ALTER TABLE tabledemo rename TO tableNew; --重命名一个表;
TRUNCATE tableNew; --清空表数据,保留表结构;
DROP TABLE tabledemo2; --删除一个表;
INSERT INTO tabledemo(stu_id, stu_name, stu_age, stu_favorite) VALUES ('3', 'lisi', 123, 'playgames');
SELECT * FROM tabledemo; --查看表中详细信息;
ALTER table tabledemo ADD(
stu_love VARCHAR(255) NULL COMMENT '学生配偶'
);
Alter TABLE tabledemo MODIFY stu_love VARCHAR(512) NULL; --修改列定义;
ALTER TABLE tabledemo CHANGE stu_love stu_hobby VARCHAR(512) NULL; --修改列名;
ALTER TABLE tabledemo DROP stu_hobby; --删除列;
INSERT INTO tabledemo(stu_id, stu_name, stu_age, stu_favorite) VALUES ('4', 'jenney', 22, 'apple');
INSERT INTO `tabledemo` VALUES('5', 'jie', 23, 'samung');
INSERT INTO tabledemo(stu_name) (SELECT stu_sname FROM student where stu_id=4);
UPDATE tabledemo SET stu_name='郭靖' where stu_id='2';
DELETE from tabledemo where stu_name='lisi';--删除where条件的行
SELECT stu_name,stu_id from tabledemo; --多列查询;
SELECT DISTINCT stu_id from tabledemo; --行排重,重复名称只显示一条;
SELECT stu_id,stu_name from tabledemo ORDER BY stu_age,stu_id DESC; --多列排序;
SELECT * from tabledemo LIMIT 2,3; --分页查询;
SELECT * from tabledemo WHERE stu_id BETWEEN '2' and '3'; --WHERE条件查询;
SELECT * FROM tabledemo WHERE stu_id in(1,2,3); --where in 语句的查询;
==========================================进阶===========================================
show DATABASES;
use test1;
SELECT * FROM tabledemo;
SELECT * FROM tabledemo WHERE stu_name LIKE '%e'; --%表示任意字符出现任意次;
SELECT stu_favorite FROM tabledemo WHERE stu_name LIKE '%i_'; --_表示匹配任意单个字符;
SELECT s.stu_name 姓名 FROM tabledemo as s WHERE s.stu_id='2'; --as 给表或字段设置别名,as可以缺省;
SELECT CONCAT(stu_id,stu_name) FROM tabledemo; --用CONCAT将stu_id 和 stu_name 合并到一起;
SELECT SUM(stu_age) FROM tabledemo; --求tableDemo表中stu_age的和;
SELECT COUNT(stu_age) FROM tabledemo WHERE stu_id=2; --COUNT(expr)用于对stu_age进行计数;
SELECT AVG(stu_age) FROM tabledemo; --取平均值,最大值,最小值;
ALTER table tabledemo ADD(stu_comment VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL);
SELECT IFNULL(stu_age, 0) FROM tabledemo;
CREATE table tabletoday(
tabletoday_id INT not null PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
tabletoday_name VARCHAR(15) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
tabletoday_teacher VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'dabai'
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT COMMENT='跟天';
DROP TABLE tabletoday1;
SELECT * FROM tableDemo;
SELECT stu_id FROM tabledemo GROUP BY stu_id; --group by 分组,其中相同的取第一个匹配的,其余的不管;
SELECT stu_id,COUNT(stu_name) FROM tabledemo where stu_age>20 GROUP BY stu_id; --通过stu_id 分组,并且查询std_id和count;
SELECT stu_class 班级ID,COUNT(stu_class) 班级人数 FROM tabledemo GROUP BY stu_class HAVING COUNT(stu_class)>2 ;
--分组的情况下,使用having对人数的判断条件,where此时不奏效;
SELECT stu_id,stu_name,stu_age,stu_class FROM tabledemo
UNION all
SELECT tabletoday_id, tabletoday_name, tabletoday_teacher, tabletoday_class FROM tabletoday;
--union代表联合两个表并去重,加上all后,保留所有结果
SELECT * from tabledemo, tabletoday; //隐式的交叉连接,得到的是笛卡尔积
SELECT * from tabledemo cross JOIN tabletoday where stu_class=tabletoday_class; --用班级号相等这个条件将两个表联系起来,避免重复的数据
SELECT * FROM tabledemo t1 INNER JOIN tabletoday t2 on t1.stu_class = t2.tabletoday_class;
SELECT * FROM tabledemo t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN tabletoday t2 on t1.stu_class = t2.tabletoday_class;
SELECT * FROM tabledemo t1 RIGHT OUTER JOIN tabletoday t2 on t1.stu_class = t2.tabletoday_class;
SELECT * FROM tabledemo t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN tabletoday t2 on t1.stu_class = t2.tabletoday_class
Union
SELECT * FROM tabledemo t1 RIGHT OUTER JOIN tabletoday t2 on t1.stu_class = t2.tabletoday_class;
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT * from tablenew;
SELECT * from tableold;
--创建视图--
CREATE VIEW table_view AS
SELECT id, table_name, table_other, table_id,COUNT(*) as CountNum FROM tablenew n GROUP BY table_id;
--调用视图--
SELECT table_id FROM table_view WHERE CountNum > 1;
--查看引擎--
show engines;
--查看MYSQL当前默认的引擎--
show variables like '%storage_engine%';
--查看某个表当前用的引擎--
show CREATE TABLE tablenew;
--事务的四大属性:ACID(Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability)--
--MyISAM不支持事务,InnoDB支持事务;
--设置提交状态
SET AUTOCOMMIT = FALSE;
OR
SET autocommit = 0;
AUTOCOMMIT = TRUE; --关闭提交状态
--显示执行--
start TRANSACTION
BEGIN
--提交一个事务
COMMIT
DLL(自动提交)
--回滚
ROLLBACK
用户回话正常结束
异常终止
--设置和查看事物级别
SELECT @@tx_isolation; --查看当前回话隔离级别
SELECT @@global.tx_isolation; --查看系统当前隔离级别
--事物隔离级别名字: READ UNCOMMITTED读未提交, READ COMMITTED读已提交, REPEATABLE READ可重复读, SERIALIZABLE可串行化
--脏读(A事务读到B事务尚未提交的修改(update,delete和insert)) -> 不可重复读(同一事务两次读到了不同的数据(select))
-- -> 幻读 ()由于其他事务的插入或删除操作,倒置两次读取不一样
SET transction ISOLATION LEVEL 事务隔离级别名字 下一次事务隔离级别
SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL 设置当前回话隔离级别
SET GLOBAL TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL 设置系统当前隔离级别
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT * from tablenew;
SELECT * from tableold;
--查询一班女生的所有信息
SELECT s.* FROM
(SELECT * FROM tablenew, tableold WHERE old_classid = table_id) s
WHERE
s.table_other = '江苏'
AND
s.table_id = 2;
--查询表里面成绩最高分的同学信息--
SELECT * FROM tablenew WHERE
table_score =
(SELECT MAX(table_score) FROM tablenew);
--查询出成绩高于平均分的成绩的同学信息
SELECT * from tablenew
WHERE
table_score >
(SELECT AVG(table_score) FROM tablenew);
--查询班级为一班的男生同学的所有信息
SELECT s.* FROM
(SELECT * FROM tablenew,tableold WHERE tablenew.table_id = tableold.old_classid) s
WHERE
s.table_id = 1;
--创建视图
CREATE VIEW table_view_one AS
SELECT * FROM tablenew,tableold WHERE tablenew.table_id = tableold.old_classid;
--使用视图
SELECT table_other,COUNT(table_other) FROM table_view_one GROUP BY table_other HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
--创建一个班级分组后的视图
CREATE VIEW table_view_two AS
SELECT * FROM tablenew,tableold WHERE tablenew.table_id = tableold.old_classid GROUP BY table_id;
--查询一个班级人数大于1的班级有哪些
SELECT table_id FROM table_view_two WHERE (SELECT COUNT(table_id) FROM table_view_two) > 1;
SELECT * FROM tablenew;
SELECT * FROM tableold;
--修改表中的值
UPDATE tablenew SET table_score = 88 WHERE table_id = 7;
--修改表中的值
UPDATE tablenew SET table_score = table_score + 30 WHERE id = 2;
UPDATE tablenew SET table_score = table_score + 10 WHERE id = 1;
--开启事务
SET autocommit = false; //关闭自动提交
set autocommit = true ; //开启自动提交
SELECT table_score from tablenew WHERE table_score > 80;
UPDATE tablenew SET table_score = table_score + 10 WHERE table_score < 60;
START TRANSACTION; --开启事务,或者
BEGIN;
COMMIT; --提交
ALTER TABLE tablenew DROP table_other;
INSERT INTO tablenew VALUES('kk', 'll');
ROLLBACK; --回滚
========================================高阶=============================================
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
public class JDBCDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//注册驱动
// DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver());
//加载驱动的方式
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Properties info = new Properties();
info.setProperty("user", "root");
info.setProperty("password", "gdadmin");
//建立连接
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tablenew", info);
// Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tablenew", "root", "gdadmin");
// Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tablenew?user=root&password=gdadmin");
//获得执行sql语句的对象
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//执行sql,获得结果集
String sql = "select stu_id, stu_name from tablenew";
//执行了sql,并且得到了结果集
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//处理结果集
while(rs.next()){
System.out.println(rs.getObject(1)+"\t");
System.out.println(rs.getObject("table_score") + "\t");
}
//关闭资源
rs.close(); //结果集
stmt.close(); //小货车
conn.close(); //桥梁
}
}
=========================================================================================
第一部分:测试类
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class JDBCTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入登录用户名");
String name = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入登录密码");
String password = sc.nextLine();
Statement st = DButil.getstsm();
String sql = "SELECT table_score from tablenew WHERE table_score > 80;";
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
if(rs.next()){
System.out.println("尊敬的vip,欢迎您的加入!!");
}else{
System.out.println("游客禁入!!!");
}
}
}
第二部分:方法类
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class DButil {
//封装一个静态方法,用来启动连接sql数据库
public static Statement getstsm() throws Exception{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");//加载驱动
//获取连接
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1", "root", "gdadmin");
//返回连接结果表达式
return conn.createStatement();
}
}
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