这篇文章主要介绍“微服务之间怎么通过feign调用接口上传文件”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在微服务之间怎么通过feign调用接口上传文件问题上存在疑惑,小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”微服务之间怎么通过feign调用接口上传文件”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着小编一起来学习吧!
具体需求:
我们的项目是基于springboot框架的springcloud微服务搭建的,后端服务技术层面整体上分为business服务和core服务,business服务用于作为应用层,直接连接客户端,通常用于聚合数据,core服务用来客户端具体操作不同需求来控制数据库,文件上传是通过客户端上传接口,通过business服务,由服务端调用feign接口,也是第一次做这种文件中转,遇到各种问题,下面是我自己的解决方案,不喜勿喷,代码小白一枚;
一、core服务层接口@requestmapping
属性加上consumes=MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE如下代码
@PostMapping(value = "/upload",consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) @ResponseBody public Result<TbFile> upload(@RequestPart(value = "file",required = true) MultipartFile file, @RequestParam(name = "id",required = true) Integer id, @RequestParam(name = "desc",required = false) String desc, @RequestParam(name = "fileId",required = false) Integer fileId )
解释:@RequestMapping存在以下两个属性:
String[] consumes() default {};
String[] produces() default {};
两个属性的解释及参考例子:
① 属性produces:指定返回值类型,并且可以设置返回值类型和返回值的字符编码;代码例子参考如下:
属性produces="application/json"时,返回json数据
属性produces="MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE;charset=utf-8"时,设置返回数据的字符编码为utf-8
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/getperson", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces="application/json") public Object getPerson(int id) { //实现自己的逻辑调用 Person p= new person(); return p;}
特别说明:produces="application/json"和注解@ResponseBody是一样的效果,使用了注解其实可以不使用该属性了
② 属性consumes: 指定处理请求当中的提交内容类型(Content-Type):application/json, text/html等;
代码例子参考如下:
@PostMapping(value = "/upload",consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) @ResponseBody public Result<TbFile> upload(@RequestPart(value = "file",required = true) MultipartFile file, @RequestParam(name = "id",required = true) Integer id, @RequestParam(name = "desc",required = false) String desc, @RequestParam(name = "fileId",required = false) Integer fileId ){}
解释: MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE 代表的值为multipart/form-data它会将表单的数据处理为一条消息,以标签为单元,用分隔符分开。既可以上传键值对,也可以上传文件。当上传的字段是文件时,会有Content-Type来表名文件类型;content-disposition,用来说明字段的一些信息;
二、business客户层接口@requestmapping
属性加上consumes=MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE如下代码
@PostMapping(value = "/upload",produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) @ResponseBody Result<TbFile> upload(@RequestPart(value = "file",required = true) MultipartFile file, @RequestParam(name = "id",required = true) Integer id, @RequestParam(name = "desc",required = false) String desc, @RequestParam(name = "fileId",required = false) Integer fileId );
具体大概就这么多。能力有限,多多指教!!!
feign微服务间文件上传(Finchley版本)
在Spring Cloud 的Feign组件中并不支持文件的传输,会出现这样的错误提示:
feign.codec.EncodeException: class [Lorg.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; is not a type supported by this encoder.
at feign.codec.Encoder$Default.encode(Encoder.java:90) ~[feign-core-9.5.1.jar:na]
at feign.form.FormEncoder.encode(FormEncoder.java:87) ~[feign-form-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
at feign.form.spring.SpringFormEncoder.encode(SpringFormEncoder.java:64) ~[feign-form-spring-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
但是我们可以通过使用Feign的扩展包实现这个功能。
一. 示例介绍
服务名 | 端口号 | 角色 |
---|---|---|
feign_upload_first | 8100 | feign服务提供者 |
feign_upload_second | 8101 | feign服务消费者 |
我们调用feign_upload_second的上传文件接口上传文件,feign_upload_second内部使用feign调用feign_upload_first实现文件上传。
二 、单文件上传
1 feign_upload_first服务提供者
文件上传的服务提供者接口比较简单,如下所示:
@SpringBootApplicationpublic class FeignUploadFirstApplication { @RestController public class UploadController { @RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) public String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file) { return file.getOriginalFilename(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(FeignUploadFirstApplication.class, args); }}
2 feign_upload_second服务消费者
增加扩展包依赖
<dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form</artifactId> <version>3.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId> <version>3.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency>
新增feign实现文件上传的配置类
@Configurationpublic class FeignSupportConfig { @Bean public Encoder feignFormEncoder() { return new SpringFormEncoder(); }}
feign远程调用接口
@FeignClient(name = "file",url = "http://localhost:8100",configuration = FeignSupportConfig.class)public interface UploadService { @RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file);}
上传文件接口
@RestControllerpublic class UploadController { @Autowired UploadService uploadService; @RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) public String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file) { return uploadService.handleFileUpload(file); }}
3 测试
使用postman进行测试,可以正常上传文件
三、多文件上传
既然单个文件可以上传,那么多文件应该也没问题吧,我们对上面的代码进行修改
1 feign_upload_first服务提供者
文件上传的服务提供者接口比较简单,如下所示:
@SpringBootApplicationpublic class FeignUploadFirstApplication { @RestController public class UploadController { @RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) public String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file) { return file.getOriginalFilename(); } @RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile2",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) public String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile[] file) { String fileName = ""; for(MultipartFile f : file){ fileName += f.getOriginalFilename()+"---"; } return fileName; } } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(FeignUploadFirstApplication.class, args); }}
2 feign_upload_second服务消费者
feign远程调用接口
@FeignClient(name = "file",url = "http://localhost:8100",configuration = FeignSupportConfig.class)public interface UploadService { @RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file); @RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile2", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile[] file);}
上传文件接口
@RestControllerpublic class UploadController { @Autowired UploadService uploadService; @RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) public String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file) { return uploadService.handleFileUpload(file); } @RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile2",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) public String handleFileUpload2(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile[] file) { return uploadService.handleFileUpload(file); }}
3 测试
经过测试发现,无法上传多个文件。经过检查,发现源码里底层是有对MultipartFile[]类型的支持的,源码中有个类叫SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter,是专门针对文件数组类型进行操作的,但是配置到项目里的SpringFormEncoder类里却没有对文件数组类型的判断,以致不能支持文件数组的上传
SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter源码
public class SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter extends AbstractWriter { private final SpringSingleMultipartFileWriter fileWriter = new SpringSingleMultipartFileWriter(); public SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter() { } public void write(Output output, String boundary, String key, Object value) throws Exception { if (value instanceof MultipartFile[]) { MultipartFile[] files = (MultipartFile[])((MultipartFile[])value); MultipartFile[] var6 = files; int var7 = files.length; for(int var8 = 0; var8 < var7; ++var8) { MultipartFile file = var6[var8]; this.fileWriter.write(output, boundary, key, file); } } else if (value instanceof Iterable) { Iterable<?> iterable = (Iterable)value; Iterator var11 = iterable.iterator(); while(var11.hasNext()) { Object file = var11.next(); this.fileWriter.write(output, boundary, key, file); } } } public boolean isApplicable(Object value) { if (value == null) { return false; } else if (value instanceof MultipartFile[]) { return true; } else { if (value instanceof Iterable) { Iterable<?> iterable = (Iterable)value; Iterator<?> iterator = iterable.iterator(); if (iterator.hasNext() && iterator.next() instanceof MultipartFile) { return true; } } return false; } }}
SpringFormEncoder源码
public class SpringFormEncoder extends FormEncoder { public SpringFormEncoder() { this(new Default()); } public SpringFormEncoder(Encoder delegate) { super(delegate); MultipartFormContentProcessor processor = (MultipartFormContentProcessor)this.getContentProcessor(ContentType.MULTIPART); processor.addWriter(new SpringSingleMultipartFileWriter()); processor.addWriter(new SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter()); } public void encode(Object object, Type bodyType, RequestTemplate template) throws EncodeException { if (!bodyType.equals(MultipartFile.class)) { super.encode(object, bodyType, template); } else { MultipartFile file = (MultipartFile)object; Map<String, Object> data = Collections.singletonMap(file.getName(), object); super.encode(data, MAP_STRING_WILDCARD, template); } }}
从上面SpringFormEncoder的源码上可以看到SpringFormEncoder类构造时把SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter实例添加到了处理器列表里了,但是在encode方法里又只判断了MultipartFile类型,没有判断数组类型,底层有对数组的支持但上层却缺少了相应判断。那么我们可以自己去扩展FormEncoder,仿照SpringFormEncoder源码,只修改encode方法。
3 扩展FormEncoder支持多文件上传
扩展FormEncoder,命名为FeignSpringFormEncoder
public class FeignSpringFormEncoder extends FormEncoder { public FeignSpringFormEncoder() { this(new Default()); } public FeignSpringFormEncoder(Encoder delegate) { super(delegate); MultipartFormContentProcessor processor = (MultipartFormContentProcessor) getContentProcessor(ContentType.MULTIPART); processor.addWriter(new SpringSingleMultipartFileWriter()); processor.addWriter(new SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter()); } @Override public void encode(Object object, Type bodyType, RequestTemplate template) throws EncodeException { if (bodyType.equals(MultipartFile.class)) { MultipartFile file = (MultipartFile) object; Map data = Collections.singletonMap(file.getName(), object); super.encode(data, MAP_STRING_WILDCARD, template); return; } else if (bodyType.equals(MultipartFile[].class)) { MultipartFile[] file = (MultipartFile[]) object; if(file != null) { Map data = Collections.singletonMap(file.length == 0 ? "" : file[0].getName(), object); super.encode(data, MAP_STRING_WILDCARD, template); return; } } super.encode(object, bodyType, template); }}
注册配置类
@Configurationpublic class FeignSupportConfig { @Bean public Encoder feignFormEncoder() { return new FeignSpringFormEncoder(); }}
经过测试可以上传多个文件。
到此,关于“微服务之间怎么通过feign调用接口上传文件”的学习就结束了,希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习,快去试试吧!若想继续学习更多相关知识,请继续关注编程网网站,小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章!