SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ
主要实现RabbitMQ以下三种消息队列：
- 简单消息队列（演示direct模式）
- 基于RabbitMQ特性的延时消息队列
- 基于RabbitMQ相关插件的延时消息队列
公共资源
1. 引入pom依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
2. 配置yml文件
基于上篇《RabbitMQ安装与配置》实现的情况下，进行基础配置。
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 121.5.168.31
port: 5672 # 默认可省略
virtual-host:
public class Constants {
public final static String HORSE_SIMPLE_QUEUE = "HORSE_SIMPLE_QUEUE";
public final static String HORSE_SIMPLE_EXCHANGE = "HORSE_SIMPLE_EXCHANGE";
public final static String HORSE_SIMPLE_KEY = "HORSE_SIMPLE_KEY";
public final static String HORSE_ANNOTATION_QUEUE = "HORSE_ANNOTATION_QUEUE";
public final static String HORSE_ANNOTATION_EXCHANGE = "HORSE_ANNOTATION_EXCHANGE";
public final static String HORSE_ANNOTATION_KEY = "HORSE_ANNOTATION_KEY";
/
public final static String HORSE_DELAY_EXCHANGE = "HORSE_DELAY_EXCHANGE";
public final static String HORSE_DELAY_QUEUE = "HORSE_DELAY_QUEUE";
public final static String HORSE_DELAY_KEY = "HORSE_DELAY_KEY";
public final static String HORSE_DEAD_EXCHANGE = "HORSE_DEAD_EXCHANGE";
public final static String HORSE_DEAD_QUEUE = "HORSE_DEAD_QUEUE";
public final static String HORSE_DEAD_KEY = "HORSE_DEAD_KEY";
/
public final static String HORSE_PLUGIN_EXCHANGE = "HORSE_PLUGIN_EXCHANGE";
public final static String HORSE_PLUGIN_QUEUE = "HORSE_PLUGIN_QUEUE";
public final static String HORSE_PLUGIN_KEY = "HORSE_PLUGIN_KEY";
}
简单消息队列（direct模式）
4. RabbitTemplate模板配置
主要定义消息投递Exchange成功回调函数和消息从Exchange投递到消息队列失败的回调函数。
package com.topsun.rabbit;
import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.operations.Bool;
import com.topsun.constants.Constants;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitConfig.class);
@Autowired
private CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory;
@Bean
public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
// 触发setReturnCallback回调必须设置mandatory=true,否则Exchange没有找到Queue就会丢弃掉消息, 而不会触发回调
rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(Boolean.TRUE);
// 设置序列化机制
rabbitTemplate.setMessageConverter(new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter());
// 消息由投递到Exchange中时触发的回调
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, cause) ->
logger.info("消息发送到Exchange情况反馈:唯一标识：correlationData={},消息确认：ack={},原因：cause={}",
correlationData, ack, cause)
);
// 消息由Exchange发送到Queue时失败触发的回调
rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback((returnedMessage) -> {
// 如果是插件形式实现的延时队列,则直接返回
// 原因: 因为发送方确实没有投递到队列上，只是在交换器上暂存，等过期时间到了 才会发往队列,从而实现延时队列的操作
if (Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_EXCHANGE.equals(returnedMessage.getExchange())) {
return;
}
logger.warn("消息由Exchange发送到Queue时失败:message={},replyCode={},replyText={},exchange={},rountingKey={}",
returnedMessage.getMessage(), returnedMessage.getReplyText(), returnedMessage.getReplyText(),
returnedMessage.getExchange(), returnedMessage.getRoutingKey());
});
return rabbitTemplate;
}
/
@Bean
public Queue horseQueue() {
return new Queue(Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_QUEUE, Boolean.TRUE);
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange horseExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_EXCHANGE, Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE);
}
@Bean
public Binding horseBinding() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(horseQueue()).to(horseExchange()).with(Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_KEY);
}
}
5. 定义消息监听器
基于 @RabbitListenerzi注解，实现自定义消息监听器。主要有两种实现方式：
- 如果在配置类中声明了Queue、Excehange以及他们直接的绑定，这里直接指定队列进行消息监听
- 如果前面什么也没做，这里可以直接用注解的方式进行绑定实现消息监听
package com.topsun.rabbit;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.topsun.constants.Constants;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
@Component
public class MsgListener {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MsgListener.class);
@RabbitListenerzi(queues = Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_QUEUE)
public void customListener(Message message, Channel channel, String msg) {
// 获取每条消息唯一标识(用于手动ACK确认)
long tag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
try {
logger.info(" ==> customListener接收" + msg);
// 手动ACK确认
channel.basicAck(tag, false);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(" ==> 消息接收失败: {}", tag);
}
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(value = Constants.HORSE_ANNOTATION_QUEUE, durable = "true"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = Constants.HORSE_ANNOTATION_EXCHANGE, ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true"),
key = {Constants.HORSE_ANNOTATION_KEY}
))
public void annotationListener(Message message, Channel channel, String msg) {
// 获取每条消息唯一标识(用于手动ACK确认)
long tag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
try {
logger.info(" ==> annotationListener接收" + msg);
// 手动ACK确认
channel.basicAck(tag, false);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(" ==> 消息接收失败: {}", tag);
}
}
}
6. 测试接口
这里发送100条消息：
- 奇数条到非注解方式的消息监听器
- 偶数条到注解式消息监听器
@GetMapping("/rabbit")
public void sendMsg() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
String msg = "第" + i + "条消息";
logger.info("==> 发送" + msg);
if (i % 2 == 1) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_EXCHANGE, Constants.HORSE_SIMPLE_KEY, msg, new CorrelationData(String.valueOf(i)));
} else {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.HORSE_ANNOTATION_EXCHANGE, Constants.HORSE_ANNOTATION_KEY, msg, new CorrelationData(String.valueOf(i)));
}
}
}
结果：自行测试过，非常成功:smile::smile::smile:
延时消息队列
原理：生产者生产一条延时消息，根据需要延时时间的不同，利用不同的routingkey将消息路由到不同的延时队列，每个队列都设置了不同的TTL属性，并绑定在同一个死信交换机中，消息过期后，根据routingkey的不同，又会被路由到不同的死信队列中，消费者只需要监听对应的死信队列进行处理即可。
7. 配置绑定相关信息
@Configuration
public class DelayRabbitConfig {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DelayRabbitConfig.class);
@Bean
public DirectExchange delayExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(Constants.HORSE_DELAY_EXCHANGE, Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE);
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange deadExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(Constants.HORSE_DEAD_EXCHANGE, Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE);
}
@Bean
public Queue delayQueue() {
Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(3);
// x-dead-letter-exchange 这里声明当前队列绑定的死信交换机
args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", Constants.HORSE_DEAD_EXCHANGE);
// x-dead-letter-routing-key 这里声明当前队列的死信路由key
args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", Constants.HORSE_DEAD_KEY);
// x-message-ttl 声明队列的TTL(过期时间)
// 可以在这里直接写死，也可以进行动态的设置（推荐动态设置）
// args.put("x-message-ttl", 10000);
return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.HORSE_DELAY_QUEUE).withArguments(args).build();
}
@Bean
public Queue deadQueue() {
return new Queue(Constants.HORSE_DEAD_QUEUE, Boolean.TRUE);
}
@Bean
public Binding delayBinding() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(delayQueue()).to(delayExchange()).with(Constants.HORSE_DELAY_KEY);
}
@Bean
public Binding deadBinding() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(deadQueue()).to(deadExchange()).with(Constants.HORSE_DEAD_KEY);
}
/
@Bean
public CustomExchange customPluginExchange() {
Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(2);
args.put("x-delayed-type", "direct");
return new CustomExchange(Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_EXCHANGE, "x-delayed-message", Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE, args);
}
@Bean
public Binding pluginBinding() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(pluginQueue()).to(customPluginExchange()).with(Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_KEY).noargs();
}
}
8. 定义延时监听器
@Component
public class DelayMsgListener {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DelayMsgListener.class);
@RabbitListener(queues = Constants.HORSE_DEAD_QUEUE)
public void consumeDeadListener(Message message, Channel channel, String msg) {
long tag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
try {
logger.info(" ==> consumeDeadListener接收" + msg);
// 手动ACK确认
channel.basicAck(tag, false);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(" ==> 消息接收失败: {}", tag);
}
}
@RabbitListener(queues = Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_QUEUE)
public void consumePluginListener(Message message, Channel channel, String msg) {
long tag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
try {
logger.info(" ==> consumePluginListener" + msg);
// 手动ACK确认
channel.basicAck(tag, false);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(" ==> 消息接收失败: {}", tag);
}
}
}
9. 测试接口
// 基于特性的延时队列
@GetMapping("/delay/rabbit")
public void delayMsg(@RequestParam("expire") Long expire) {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
String msg = "第" + i + "条消息";
logger.info("==> 发送" + msg);
// 这里可以动态的设置过期时间
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.HORSE_DELAY_EXCHANGE, Constants.HORSE_DELAY_KEY, msg,
message -> {
message.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(String.valueOf(expire));
return message;
},
new CorrelationData(String.valueOf(i)));
}
}
// 基于插件的延时队列
@GetMapping("/delay/plugin")
public void delayPluginMsg(@RequestParam("expire") Integer expire) {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
String msg = "第" + i + "条消息";
logger.info("==> 发送" + msg);
// 动态设置过期时间
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_EXCHANGE, Constants.HORSE_PLUGIN_KEY, msg, message -> {
message.getMessageProperties().setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
message.getMessageProperties().setDelay(expire);
return message;
}, new CorrelationData(String.valueOf(i)));
}
}
结果：你懂的:scream_cat::scream_cat::scream_cat:
RabbitMQ的基础使用演示到此结束。
总结
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