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生成 Python 词云图
1. 安装依赖库
使用 pip 安装以下库:
pip install wordcloud
2. 加载文本数据
将要生成词云的文本加载到字符串或列表中。文本可以从文件、API 或其他来源获取。
text = "This is a sample text to generate a word cloud."
3. 预处理文本
- 将所有文本转换成小写
- 删除标点符号和数字
- 删除停用词(如“the”、“and”、“is”)
- 词干化或 lemmatize 词语(将词语还原为其根词干)
import string
import nltk
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer
# 将文本转换成小写
text = text.lower()
# 删除标点符号和数字
text = "".join([ch for ch in text if ch not in string.punctuation and ch.isdigit()])
# 删除停用词
stop_words = set(stopwords.words("english"))
text = " ".join([word for word in text.split() if word not in stop_words])
# 词干化
lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()
text = " ".join([lemmatizer.lemmatize(word) for word in text.split()])
4. 生成词云
使用 wordcloud 库生成词云:
from wordcloud import WordCloud
# 定义词云参数,如字体、背景颜色和形状
wordcloud = WordCloud(
font_path="arial.ttf",
background_color="white",
width=800,
height=600
)
# 生成词云
wordcloud.generate(text)
5. 显示词云
使用 Matplotlib 或 Seaborn 库显示词云:
- Matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 显示词云
plt.imshow(wordcloud)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
- Seaborn
import seaborn as sns
# 显示词云
sns.heatmap(wordcloud.words_, cbar=False, cmap="coolwarm")
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
6. 保存词云
将词云保存为图像文件:
wordcloud.to_file("wordcloud.png")
完整示例代码:
import string
import nltk
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer
from wordcloud import WordCloud
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 加载文本数据
text = "This is a sample text to generate a word cloud."
# 预处理文本
text = text.lower()
text = "".join([ch for ch in text if ch not in string.punctuation and ch.isdigit()])
stop_words = set(stopwords.words("english"))
text = " ".join([word for word in text.split() if word not in stop_words])
lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()
text = " ".join([lemmatizer.lemmatize(word) for word in text.split()])
# 生成词云
wordcloud = WordCloud(
font_path="arial.ttf",
background_color="white",
width=800,
height=600
)
wordcloud.generate(text)
# 显示词云
plt.imshow(wordcloud)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
# 保存词云
wordcloud.to_file("wordcloud.png")
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