本篇内容主要讲解“Python怎么实现爬取腾讯招聘网岗位信息”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“Python怎么实现爬取腾讯招聘网岗位信息”吧!
介绍
开发环境
Windows 10
python3.6
开发工具
pycharm
库
numpy、matplotlib、time、xlutils.copy、os、xlwt, xlrd, random
效果展示
代码运行展示
实现思路
打开腾讯招聘的网址右击检查进行抓包，进入网址的时候发现有异步渲染，我们要的数据为异步加载
构造起始地址：
start_url = ‘https://careers.tencent.com/tencentcareer/api/post/Query’
参数在headers的最下面
timestamp: 1625641250509
countryId:
cityId:
bgIds:
productId:
categoryId:
parentCategoryId:
attrId:
keyword:
pageIndex: 1
pageSize: 10
language: zh-cn
area: cn
发送请求，获取响应
self.start_url = 'https://careers.tencent.com/tencentcareer/api/post/Query' # 构造请求参数 params = { # 捕捉当前时间戳 'timestamp': str(int(time.time() * 1000)), 'countryId': '', 'cityId': '', 'bgIds': '', 'productId': '', 'categoryId': '', 'parentCategoryId': '', 'attrId': '', 'keyword': '', 'pageIndex': str(self.start_page), 'pageSize': '10', 'language': 'zh-cn', 'area': 'cn' } headers = { 'user-agent': random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST) } response = session.get(url=self.start_url, headers=headers, params=params).json()提取数据，获取岗位信息大列表，提取相应的数据
# 获取岗位信息大列表 json_data = response['Data']['Posts'] # 判断结果是否有数据 if json_data is None: # 没有数据，设置循环条件为False self.is_running = False # 反之，开始提取数据 else: # 循环遍历，取出列表中的每一个岗位字典 # 通过key取value值的方法进行采集数据 for data in json_data: # 工作地点 LocationName = data['LocationName'] # 往地址大列表中添加数据 self.addr_list.append(LocationName) # 工作属性 CategoryName = data['CategoryName'] # 往工作属性大列表中添加数据 self.category_list.append(CategoryName) # 岗位名称 RecruitPostName = data['RecruitPostName'] # 岗位职责 Responsibility = data['Responsibility'] # 发布时间 LastUpdateTime = data['LastUpdateTime'] # 岗位地址 PostURL = data['PostURL']数据生成折线图、饼图、散点图、柱状图
# 第一张图：根据岗位地址和岗位属性二者数量生成折线图 # 146，147两行代码解决图中中文显示问题plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 由于二者数据数量不统一，在此进行切片操作 x_axis_data = [i for i in addr_dict.values()][:5] y_axis_data = [i for i in cate_dict.values()][:5] # print(x_axis_data, y_axis_data) # plot中参数的含义分别是横轴值，纵轴值，线的形状，颜色，透明度,线的宽度和标签 plt.plot(y_axis_data, x_axis_data, 'ro-', color='#4169E1', alpha=0.8, linewidth=1, label='数量') # 显示标签，如果不加这句，即使在plot中加了label='一些数字'的参数，最终还是不会显示标签 plt.legend(loc="upper right") plt.xlabel('地点数量') plt.ylabel('工作属性数量') plt.savefig('根据岗位地址和岗位属性二者数量生成折线图.png') plt.show()
# 第二张图：根据岗位地址数量生成饼图 """工作地址饼图""" addr_dict_key = [k for k in addr_dict.keys()] addr_dict_value = [v for v in addr_dict.values()] plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False plt.pie(addr_dict_value, labels=addr_dict_key, autopct='%1.1f%%') plt.title(f'岗位地址和岗位属性百分比分布') plt.savefig(f'岗位地址和岗位属性百分比分布-饼图') plt.show()
# 第三张图：根据岗位地址和岗位属性二者数量生成散点图 # 这两行代码解决 plt 中文显示的问题 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 输入岗位地址和岗位属性数据 production = [i for i in data.keys()] tem = [i for i in data.values()] colors = np.random.rand(len(tem)) # 颜色数组 plt.scatter(tem, production, s=200, c=colors) # 画散点图，大小为 200 plt.xlabel('数量') # 横坐标轴 plt.ylabel('名称') # 纵坐标轴 plt.savefig(f'岗位地址和岗位属性散点图') plt.show()
# 第四张图：根据岗位地址和岗位属性二者数量生成柱状图 import matplotlib;matplotlib.use('TkAgg') plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False zhfont1 = matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(fname='C:\Windows\Fonts\simsun.ttc') name_list = [name for name in data.keys()] num_list = [value for value in data.values()] width = 0.5 # 柱子的宽度 index = np.arange(len(name_list)) plt.bar(index, num_list, width, color='steelblue', tick_label=name_list, label='岗位数量') plt.legend(['分解能耗', '真实能耗'], prop=zhfont1, labelspacing=1) for a, b in zip(index, num_list): # 柱子上的数字显示 plt.text(a, b, '%.2f' % b, ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=7) plt.xticks(rotation=270) plt.title('岗位数量和岗位属性数量柱状图') plt.ylabel('次') plt.legend() plt.savefig(f'岗位数量和岗位属性数量柱状图-柱状图', bbox_inches='tight') plt.show()
源码展示
"""ua大列表"""USER_AGENT_LIST = [ 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.90 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3451.0 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.2999.0 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.70 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.4; en-US; rv:1.9.2.2) Gecko/20100316 Firefox/3.6.2', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.155 Safari/537.36 OPR/31.0.1889.174', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; MS-RTC LM 8; InfoPath.2; Tablet PC 2.0)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36 OPR/55.0.2994.61', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/14.0.814.0 Safari/535.1', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X; ja-jp) AppleWebKit/418.9.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/419.3', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/43.0.2357.134 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/6.0; Touch; MASMJS)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686) AppleWebKit/535.21 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1041.0 Safari/535.21', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.90 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3451.0 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.2999.0 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.70 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.4; en-US; rv:1.9.2.2) Gecko/20100316 Firefox/3.6.2', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.155 Safari/537.36 OPR/31.0.1889.174', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; MS-RTC LM 8; InfoPath.2; Tablet PC 2.0)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36 OPR/55.0.2994.61', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/14.0.814.0 Safari/535.1', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X; ja-jp) AppleWebKit/418.9.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/419.3', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/43.0.2357.134 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/6.0; Touch; MASMJS)', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686) AppleWebKit/535.21 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1041.0 Safari/535.21', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4093.3 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; Swurl) Chrome/77.0.3865.120 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4086.0 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:75.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/75.0', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) coc_coc_browser/91.0.146 Chrome/85.0.4183.146 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; en-US) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/537.36 VivoBrowser/8.4.72.0 Chrome/62.0.3202.84', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.101 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36 Edg/87.0.664.60', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.16; rv:83.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/83.0', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS x86_64 13505.63.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.101 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36 OPR/72.0.3815.400', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.101 Safari/537.36', ]from requests_html import HTMLSessionimport os, xlwt, xlrd, randomfrom xlutils.copy import copyimport numpy as npfrom matplotlib import pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties # 字体库import timesession = HTMLSession()class TXSpider(object): def __init__(self): # 起始的请求地址 self.start_url = 'https://careers.tencent.com/tencentcareer/api/post/Query' # 起始的翻页页码 self.start_page = 1 # 翻页条件 self.is_running = True # 准备工作地点大列表 self.addr_list = [] # 准备岗位种类大列表 self.category_list = [] def parse_start_url(self): """ 解析起始的url地址 :return: """ # 条件循环模拟翻页 while self.is_running: # 构造请求参数 params = { # 捕捉当前时间戳 'timestamp': str(int(time.time() * 1000)), 'countryId': '', 'cityId': '', 'bgIds': '', 'productId': '', 'categoryId': '', 'parentCategoryId': '', 'attrId': '', 'keyword': '', 'pageIndex': str(self.start_page), 'pageSize': '10', 'language': 'zh-cn', 'area': 'cn' } headers = { 'user-agent': random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST) } response = session.get(url=self.start_url, headers=headers, params=params).json() """调用解析响应方法""" self.parse_response_json(response) """翻页递增""" self.start_page += 1 """翻页终止条件""" if self.start_page == 20: self.is_running = False """翻页完成，开始生成分析图""" self.crate_img_four_func() def crate_img_four_func(self): """ 生成四张图方法 :return: """ # 统计数量 data = {} # 大字典 addr_dict = {} # 工作地址字典 cate_dict = {} # 工作属性字典 for k_addr, v_cate in zip(self.addr_list, self.category_list): if k_addr in data: # 大字典统计工作地址数据 data[k_addr] = data[k_addr] + 1 # 地址字典统计数据 addr_dict[k_addr] = addr_dict[k_addr] + 1 else: data[k_addr] = 1 addr_dict[k_addr] = 1 if v_cate in data: # 大字典统计工作属性数据 data[v_cate] = data[v_cate] + 1 # 工作属性字典统计数据 cate_dict[v_cate] = data[v_cate] + 1 else: data[v_cate] = 1 cate_dict[v_cate] = 1 # 第一张图：根据岗位地址和岗位属性二者数量生成折线图 # 146，147两行代码解决图中中文显示问题 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 由于二者数据数量不统一，在此进行切片操作 x_axis_data = [i for i in addr_dict.values()][:5] y_axis_data = [i for i in cate_dict.values()][:5] # print(x_axis_data, y_axis_data) # plot中参数的含义分别是横轴值，纵轴值，线的形状，颜色，透明度,线的宽度和标签 plt.plot(y_axis_data, x_axis_data, 'ro-', color='#4169E1', alpha=0.8, linewidth=1, label='数量') # 显示标签，如果不加这句，即使在plot中加了label='一些数字'的参数，最终还是不会显示标签 plt.legend(loc="upper right") plt.xlabel('地点数量') plt.ylabel('工作属性数量') plt.savefig('根据岗位地址和岗位属性二者数量生成折线图.png') plt.show() # 第二张图：根据岗位地址数量生成饼图 """工作地址饼图""" addr_dict_key = [k for k in addr_dict.keys()] addr_dict_value = [v for v in addr_dict.values()] plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False plt.pie(addr_dict_value, labels=addr_dict_key, autopct='%1.1f%%') plt.title(f'岗位地址和岗位属性百分比分布') plt.savefig(f'岗位地址和岗位属性百分比分布-饼图') plt.show() # 第三张图：根据岗位地址和岗位属性二者数量生成散点图 # 这两行代码解决 plt 中文显示的问题 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 输入岗位地址和岗位属性数据 production = [i for i in data.keys()] tem = [i for i in data.values()] colors = np.random.rand(len(tem)) # 颜色数组 plt.scatter(tem, production, s=200, c=colors) # 画散点图，大小为 200 plt.xlabel('数量') # 横坐标轴 plt.ylabel('名称') # 纵坐标轴 plt.savefig(f'岗位地址和岗位属性散点图') plt.show() # 第四张图：根据岗位地址和岗位属性二者数量生成柱状图 import matplotlib;matplotlib.use('TkAgg') plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False zhfont1 = matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(fname='C:\Windows\Fonts\simsun.ttc') name_list = [name for name in data.keys()] num_list = [value for value in data.values()] width = 0.5 # 柱子的宽度 index = np.arange(len(name_list)) plt.bar(index, num_list, width, color='steelblue', tick_label=name_list, label='岗位数量') plt.legend(['分解能耗', '真实能耗'], prop=zhfont1, labelspacing=1) for a, b in zip(index, num_list): # 柱子上的数字显示 plt.text(a, b, '%.2f' % b, ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=7) plt.xticks(rotation=270) plt.title('岗位数量和岗位属性数量柱状图') plt.ylabel('次') plt.legend() plt.savefig(f'岗位数量和岗位属性数量柱状图-柱状图', bbox_inches='tight') plt.show() def parse_response_json(self, response): """ 解析响应 :param response: :return: """ # 获取岗位信息大列表 json_data = response['Data']['Posts'] # 判断结果是否有数据 if json_data is None: # 没有数据，设置循环条件为False self.is_running = False # 反之，开始提取数据 else: # 循环遍历，取出列表中的每一个岗位字典 # 通过key取value值的方法进行采集数据 for data in json_data: # 工作地点 LocationName = data['LocationName'] # 往地址大列表中添加数据 self.addr_list.append(LocationName) # 工作属性 CategoryName = data['CategoryName'] # 往工作属性大列表中添加数据 self.category_list.append(CategoryName) # 岗位名称 RecruitPostName = data['RecruitPostName'] # 岗位职责 Responsibility = data['Responsibility'] # 发布时间 LastUpdateTime = data['LastUpdateTime'] # 岗位地址 PostURL = data['PostURL'] # 构造保存excel所需要的格式字典 data_dict = { # 该字典的key值与创建工作簿的sheet表的名称所关联 '岗位详情': [RecruitPostName, LocationName, CategoryName, Responsibility, LastUpdateTime, PostURL] } """调用保存excel表格方法，数据字典作为参数""" self.save_excel(data_dict) # 提示输出 print(f"第{self.start_page}页--岗位{RecruitPostName}----采集完成----logging！！！") def save_excel(self, data_dict): """ 保存excel :param data_dict: 数据字典 :return: """ # 判断保存到当我文件目录的路径是否存在 os_path_1 = os.getcwd() + '/数据/' if not os.path.exists(os_path_1): # 不存在，即创建这个目录，即创建”数据“这个文件夹 os.mkdir(os_path_1) # 判断将数据保存到表格的这个表格是否存在，不存在，创建表格，写入表头 os_path = os_path_1 + '腾讯招聘数据.xls' if not os.path.exists(os_path): # 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel） workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8') # 创建新的sheet表 worksheet1 = workbook.add_sheet("岗位详情", cell_overwrite_ok=True) excel_data_1 = ('岗位名称', '工作地点', '工作属性', '岗位职责', '发布时间', '岗位地址') for i in range(0, len(excel_data_1)): worksheet1.col(i).width = 2560 * 3 # 行，列， 内容， 样式 worksheet1.write(0, i, excel_data_1[i]) workbook.save(os_path) # 判断工作表是否存在 # 存在，开始往表格中添加数据(写入数据) if os.path.exists(os_path): # 打开工作薄 workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(os_path) # 获取工作薄中所有表的个数 sheets = workbook.sheet_names() for i in range(len(sheets)): for name in data_dict.keys(): worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[i]) # 获取工作薄中所有表中的表名与数据名对比 if worksheet.name == name: # 获取表中已存在的行数 rows_old = worksheet.nrows # 将xlrd对象拷贝转化为xlwt对象 new_workbook = copy(workbook) # 获取转化后的工作薄中的第i张表 new_worksheet = new_workbook.get_sheet(i) for num in range(0, len(data_dict[name])): new_worksheet.write(rows_old, num, data_dict[name][num]) new_workbook.save(os_path) def run(self): """ 启动运行 :return: """ self.parse_start_url()if __name__ == '__main__': # 创建该类的对象 t = TXSpider() # 通过实例方法，进行调用 t.run()到此，相信大家对“Python怎么实现爬取腾讯招聘网岗位信息”有了更深的了解，不妨来实际操作一番吧！这里是编程网网站，更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询，关注我们，继续学习！
