今天小编给大家分享一下ECS如何部署Docker服务的相关知识点,内容详细,逻辑清晰,相信大部分人都还太了解这方面的知识,所以分享这篇文章给大家参考一下,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后有所收获,下面我们一起来了解一下吧。
1、前言
京东2016年618大促,全部应用系统和大部分的DB服务都跑在Docker上。据官方估计,本次大促活动中,京东线上将会启动近15万个Docker容器,从数量上来看,京东是全球范围内Docker的应用大户之一。
2、内核支持
官方文档要求Linux kernel至少3.8以上,且docker只能运行在64位的系统中。由于RHEL6和CentOS6的内核版本为2.6,因此必须要先升级内核。
首先,查看阿里云ECS Linux服务器系统内核版本:
$uname -r2.6.32-220.23.2.ali878.el6.x86_64
2.1、升级内核
由于当前内核版本较低,我们需要把系统内核升级到3.10版本,接下来为具体操作步骤:
(1). yum安装带aufs模块的3.10内核
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /home/dddd]$cd /etc/yum.repos.d$sudo wget http://www.hop5.in/yum/el6/hop5.repo$sudo yum install kernel-ml-aufs kernel-ml-aufs-devel
(2). 下载内核
(3). 安装内核
(4). 安装成功
(5). 修改内核配置
修改grub的主配置文件/etc/grub.conf,设置default=0,表示第一个title下的内容为默认启动的kernel(一般新安装的内核在第一个位置)
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /etc/yum.repos.d]$sudo vi /etc/grub.conf
(6). 重启系统
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /etc/yum.repos.d]$sudo rebootBroadcast message from dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf (/dev/pts/1) at 18:32 ...The system is going down for reboot NOW!
这时候你的内核就成功升级了
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /home/admin/$uname -r3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64
查看内核是否支持aufs:
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /home/admin/]$grep aufs /proc/filesystemsnodev aufs
3、Docker安装
3.1、关闭selinux
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /home/admin/]$sudo setenforce 0setenforce: SELinux is disabled[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /home/admin/]$sudo sed -i '/^SELINUX=/c\SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
3.2、安装epel
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /]$sudo rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpmRetrieving http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpmwarning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.NNZYOY: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:epel-release ########################################### [100%][dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /]$sudo sed -i 's/^mirrorlist=https/mirrorlist=http/' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
3.3、yum安装docker-io
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /]$sudo yum -y install docker-io
安装成功:
3.4、启动docker
启动的过程中有点小插曲,第一次启动失败。
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /]$sudo service docker startStarting cgconfig service: [ OK ]Starting docker: [ OK ][dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /]$docker versionClient version: 1.7.1Client API version: 1.19Go version (client): go1.4.2Git commit (client): 786b29d/1.7.1OS/Arch (client): linux/amd64Get http:///var/run/docker.sock/v1.19/version: dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: permission denied. Are you trying to connect to a TLS-enabled daemon without TLS?
上面看似启动成功,其实是失败了,查看docker日志即可,docker日志地址为/var/log/docker:
$cat /var/log/docker\nSat Jun 25 18:54:55 CST 2016\ntime="2016-06-25T18:54:56.013084200+08:00" level=info msg="Listening for HTTP on unix (/var/run/docker.sock)"time="2016-06-25T18:54:56.206980482+08:00" level=warning msg="Running modprobe bridge nf_nat failed with message: insmod /lib/modules/3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64/kernel/net/llc/llc.ko \ninsmod /lib/modules/3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64/kernel/net/802/stp.ko \ninsmod /lib/modules/3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64/kernel/net/ipv6/ipv6.ko disable=1\ninsmod /lib/modules/3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64/kernel/net/bridge/bridge.ko \ninsmod /lib/modules/3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64/kernel/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack.ko \ninsmod /lib/modules/3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64/kernel/net/netfilter/nf_nat.ko \n, error: exit status 1"time="2016-06-25T18:54:56.380986865+08:00" level=fatal msg="Error starting daemon: Error initializing network controller: Error creating default \"bridge\" network: can't find an address range for interface \"docker0\""
这个问题的来源就是因为docker弱智地为docker0接口选择了一个172.17.42.1的IP,而恰好ECS占用了172.16.0.0/255.240.0.0。
解决方法有两种:
方法一:修改/etc/default/docker,添加DOCKER_OPTS=”–bip=192.168.17.1/24”,重启即可。注意不要用192.168.0.1/24,这段地址也被占用了。
方法二:启动docker服务在指定的网段。sudo docker –bip 192.168.100.1/24 -d &
上述两种方法均能过正常启动,本地均已测试通过,不过我还是觉得方法一好,直接把网段写入配置中,省的每次启动都要带上网段。
针对方法一进行如下说明,在/etc/default/docker文件中新增记录DOCKER_OPTS=”–bip=192.168.17.1/24”
[xiaolong.xiao@v069208183.sqa.zmf /var/log]$sudo vi /etc/default/dockerError detected while processing /root/.vimrc:line 16:E518: Unknown option: foldlevel=100Press ENTER or type command to continue
有关docker0网桥的详细介绍参考:http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/docker-technology-and-combat/docker0.html
3.5、查看docker版本
利用命令docker version
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /var/log]$sudo docker versionClient version: 1.7.1Client API version: 1.19Go version (client): go1.4.2Git commit (client): 786b29d/1.7.1OS/Arch (client): linux/amd64Server version: 1.7.1Server API version: 1.19Go version (server): go1.4.2Git commit (server): 786b29d/1.7.1OS/Arch (server): linux/amd64
3.6、开启启动docker
sudo chkconfig docker on
4、docker命令的使用
1、直接输入docker命令来查看所有的Options和Commands。
查看某一个command的详细使用方法:docker COMMAND –help
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /home/dddd]$sudo docker pull -helpWarning: '-help' is deprecated, it will be replaced by '--help' soon. See usage.Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]Pull an image or a repository from the registry -a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository --help=false Print usage
2、搜索可用的docker镜像:docker search NAME
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /]$sudo docker search centosINFO[0104] GET /v1.19/images/search?term=centosNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDcentos The official build of CentOS. 2373 [OK]ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 77 [OK]jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.7 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.2.1511 x8... 25 [OK]nimmis/java-centos This is docker images of CentOS 7 with dif... 12 [OK]million12/centos-supervisor Base CentOS-7 with supervisord launcher, h... 11 [OK]gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS7 + Glus... 9 [OK]torusware/speedus-centos Always updated official CentOS docker imag... 8 [OK]nickistre/centos-lamp LAMP on centos setup 4 [OK]centos/mariadb55-centos7 3 [OK]nathonfowlie/centos-jre Latest CentOS image with the JRE pre-insta... 3 [OK]consol/sakuli-centos-xfce Sakuli end-2-end testing and monitoring co... 2 [OK]darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 1 [OK]blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK]timhughes/centos Centos with systemd installed and running 1 [OK]grossws/centos CentOS 6 and 7 base images with gosu and l... 0 [OK]kz8s/centos Official CentOS plus epel-release 0 [OK]harisekhon/centos-scala Scala + CentOS (OpenJDK tags 2.10-jre7 - 2... 0 [OK]jsmigel/centos-epel Docker base image of CentOS w/ EPEL installed 0 [OK]labengine/centos Centos image base 0 [OK]ustclug/centos USTC centos 0 [OK]januswel/centos yum update-ed CentOS image 0 [OK]ericuni/centos centos dev 0 [OK]grayzone/centos auto build for centos. 0 [OK]dmglab/centos CentOS with some extras - This is for the ... 0 [OK]repositoryjp/centos Docker Image for CentOS. 0 [OK]
3、下载镜像:docker pull NAME[:TAG]
比如获取最新的centos镜像:docker pull centos:latest
注意:这里要写用docker search搜索到的完整的镜像名。
同时当前下载的是官方的镜像,下载速度会有点慢,centos镜像大约200M,下载耗时半小时。后面有时间将会实践如何搭建私有仓库。
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /home/dddd]$sudo docker pull centos:latestPulling repository centos2a332da70fd1: Download complete3690474eb5b4: Download completeb48a20c39b28: Download completec79ebe41b35a: Download completeStatus: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
4、查看安装的镜像:docker images [NAME]
$sudo docker images centosREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEcentos latest 2a332da70fd1 3 weeks ago 196.8 MB
5、在docker容器中运行命令:docker run IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG…]
docker run命令有两个参数,一个是镜像名,一个是要在镜像中运行的命令。
注意:IMAGE=REPOSITORY[:TAG],如果IMAGE参数不指定镜像的TAG,默认TAG为latest。
在刚刚下载的镜像中输出”loongshawn”:docker run centos echo ‘loongshawn’
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /home/dddd]$sudo docker run centos echo "loongshawn"loongshawn
6、列出容器:docker ps -a
查看最近生成的容器:docker ps -l
查看正在运行的容器:docker ps
7、显示容器的标准输出:docker logs CONTAINERID
无需拷贝完整的id,一般写最开始的三至四个字符即可。
8、在容器中安装新程序,比如安装ifconfig命令(centos7默认没有ifconfig)
运行镜像,执行ifconfig,找不到此命令。此时进入镜像执行yum install net-tools。
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /home/dddd]$sudo docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash[root@bed98ed5934a /]# ifconfigbash: ifconfig: command not found[root@bed98ed5934a /]#
给容器安装网络服务:
执行ifconfig命令:
9、保存对容器的修改并生成新的镜像:docker commit CONTAINERID [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
REPOSITORY参数可以是新的镜像名字,也可以是旧的镜像名;如果和旧的镜像名和TAG都相同,会覆盖掉旧的镜像。
10、停止正在运行的容器:docker stop CONTAINERID
默认等待10秒钟再杀死指定容器。可以使用-t参数来设置等待时间。
11、查看容器或镜像的详细信息:docker inspect CONTAINERID|IMAGE
参数可以是容器的ID或者是镜像名(NAME:TAG)。
12、删除容器:docker rm CONTAINERID
查看所有容器ID:docker ps -a -q
删除所有的容器:docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
13、删除镜像:docker rmi IMAGE
14.查看docker的信息,包括Containers和Images数目、kernel版本等。
5、创建容器并登入
创建一个新容器并登入:docker run -i -t IMAGE /bin/bash
使用image创建container并进入交互模式,login shell是/bin/bash,现在可以自由的对容器进行操作了。最后使用exit退出容器。
注意:如果IMAGE参数不指定TAG,默认TAG为latest。
$ sudo docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash
启动一个退出的容器:docker start CONTAINERID
[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /home/dddd]$sudo docker start 340943d115b6340943d115b6[dddd@v069208183.sqa.zmf /home/dddd]$sudo docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES340943d115b6 centos "sleep 100" 11 minutes ago Up 6 seconds cocky_pare
attach到运行中的容器:docker attach CONTAINERID
以上就是“ECS如何部署Docker服务”这篇文章的所有内容,感谢各位的阅读!相信大家阅读完这篇文章都有很大的收获,小编每天都会为大家更新不同的知识,如果还想学习更多的知识,请关注编程网行业资讯频道。