详解python中mongoengine库用法-编程学习网

一、MongoDB的安装与连接

安装：pip install mongoengine

连接mongodb数据库

from pymongo import MongoClient
cli = MongoClient('192.168.124.104', 27017)
mongodb = cli['test']
print(mongodb)

from mongoengine import connect
#  连接到User数据库
connect('user', host='192.168.124.104', port=27017)

二、MongoEngine模型介绍

2.1、ODM模型介绍

from mongoengine import Document, StringField
class User(Document):
    email = StringField(required=True)
    first_name = StringField(max_length=50)
    last_name = StringField(max_length=50)

2.2、常见数据类型

2.3、数据类型通用参数

db_field：文档中的field/域/列名称
required：是否为必填项
default：默认值
unique：唯一性约束
choices：可选择的列表
primary_key：是否为文档的主键，默认为False

2.4、类属性meta常见配置项

类属性，其配置项为python的dict（字典）

from mongoengine import Document, StringField
class User(Document):
    email = StringField(required=True)
    first_name = StringField(max_length=50)
    last_name = StringField(max_length=50)
    meta = {
    }

常见的配置项：

db_alias：指定文档所在的数据库（逻辑库）
collection：指定文档所在的集合
ordering：指定文档的默认排序规则
indexes：指定文档的索引规则

2.5、文档的嵌套模型

学生信息数据字典

文档的嵌套场景

情况一，数组-简单数据类型：{'grades': [76, 51, 84]}

from mongoengine import Document, IntField, ListField
class Student(Document):
    grade = ListField(IntField())

情况二，单个文档：{'grade': {'course_name': '语文', 'score': 76}}

from mongoengine import Document, StringField, IntField, ListField, EmbeddedDocument, EmbeddedDocumentField
#  自定义类型
class CourseGrade(EmbeddedDocument):
    course_name = StringField()
    score = IntField()
class Student(Document):
    grade = EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade)

情况三，数组-文档：{'grades': [{'score': 76}, {'score': 51}]}

from mongoengine import Document, IntField, ListField, EmbeddedDocument, EmbeddedDocumentField
#  自定义类型
class CourseGrade(EmbeddedDocument):
    score = IntField()
class Student(Document):
    grade = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade))

完整代码：

from mongoengine import Document, connect, EnumField, StringField, IntField, ListField, EmbeddedDocument, \
    EmbeddedDocumentField
from enum import Enum
#  连接到User数据库
connect('user', host='192.168.124.104', port=27017)
class SexEnum(Enum):
    MAN = '男'
    WOMAN = '女'
class CourseGrade(EmbeddedDocument):
    """成绩信息（科目、老师、成绩）-被嵌套的文档"""
    course_name = StringField(max_length=64, required=True, verbose_name='科目')
    teacher = StringField(max_length=16, verbose_name='老师')
    score = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, required=True, verbose_name='成绩')
    def __repr__(self):
        return f"CourseGrade({self.course_name},{self.score})"
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()
class Student(Document):
    """学生信息"""
    # verbose_name 自定义参数，用于显示定义域的名称
    stu_no = IntField(required=True, unique=True, verbose_name='学号')
    stu_name = StringField(required=True, max_length=16, verbose_name='姓名')
    sex = EnumField(enum=SexEnum, verbose_name='性别')
    class_name = StringField(max_length=10, verbose_name='班级')
    address = StringField(max_length=255, verbose_name='家庭住址')
    phone_no = StringField(max_length=11, verbose_name='电话号码')
    age = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, verbose_name='年龄')
    grades = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade), verbose_name='成绩数组')
    meta = {
        #  指定文档的集合
        'collection': 'students',
        #  指定排序，可以指定多个域。例如：'age':根据年龄升序，'-age'：根据年龄降序
        'ordering': ['-age']
    }
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'Grade({self.stu_no}, {self.stu_name})'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()
class Grade(Document):
    """学生成绩"""
    # verbose_name 自定义参数，用于显示定义域的名称
    stu_no = IntField(required=True, verbose_name="学号")
    stu_name = StringField(required=True, max_length=16, verbose_name='姓名')
    sex = EnumField(enum=SexEnum, verbose_name='性别')
    class_name = StringField(max_length=10, verbose_name='班级')
    address = StringField(max_length=255, verbose_name='家庭住址')
    phone_no = StringField(max_length=11, verbose_name='电话号码')
    age = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, verbose_name='年龄')
    grade = EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade, verbose_name='成绩')
    meta = {
        # 指定文档的集合
        'collection': 'grades',
        # 指定排序，可以指定多个域。例如：'age':根据年龄升序，'-age'：根据年龄降序
        'ordering': ['-age']
    }
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'Grade({self.stu_no}, {self.stu_name})'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()

三、添加数据

添加数据一般有两种方式：

3.1、方式一

一般步骤：

第一步，构造ODM模型类对象：user=User(username='张三')
第二步，验证数据：user.validate()
第三步，保存数据：user.save()

模型中的验

内置的验证器，如max_length, min_value
自定义验证器

模型中自定义验证方法示例代码如下：

import re
from mongoengine import StringField
from mongoengine.errors import ValidationError
def phone_required(value):
    pattern = r'^1[0-9][10]$'
    if not re.search(pattern, value):
        raise ValidationError('请输入正确的手机号')
phone_no = StringField(validation=phone_required)

方式一示例代码：

import random
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum, CourseGrade
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
 
    def __init__(self, info):
        self.info = info
        print(self.info)
 
    def add_one_student(self):
        """新增一个学生信息"""
        student = Student(
            stu_no=random.randint(3000, 9999999),
            stu_name=self.info['name'],
            sex=random.choice([SexEnum.MAN, SexEnum.WOMAN]),
            class_name='六年级三班',
            address=self.info['address'],
            phone_no=self.info['phone'],
            age=random.randint(10, 15),
            grades=[
                CourseGrade(course_name='语文', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='数学', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='英语', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
            ]
        )
        print(student, student.grades)
        result = student.save()
        return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
    info = {'name': '铁扇公主', 'address': '北京市朝阳区', 'phone': '19121741234', 'teacher': '王老师'}
 
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine(info)
    obj.add_one_student()

mongodb数据库中插入的数据：

3.2、方式二：使用create()方法

User.objects.create(**kwargs)

示例代码：

import random
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum, CourseGrade
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def __init__(self, info):
        self.info = info
        print(self.info)
    def add_one_student(self):
        """新增一个学生信息"""
        result = Student.objects.create(
            stu_no=random.randint(3000, 9999999),
            stu_name=self.info['name'],
            sex=random.choice([SexEnum.MAN, SexEnum.WOMAN]),
            class_name='六年级三班',
            address=self.info['address'],
            phone_no=self.info['phone'],
            age=random.randint(10, 15),
            grades=[
                CourseGrade(course_name='语文', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='数学', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='英语', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
            ]
        )
        # student = Student(
        #     stu_no=random.randint(3000, 9999999),
        #     stu_name=self.info['name'],
        #     sex=random.choice([SexEnum.MAN, SexEnum.WOMAN]),
        #     class_name='六年级三班',
        #     address=self.info['address'],
        #     phone_no=self.info['phone'],
        #     age=random.randint(10, 15),
        #     grades=[
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='语文', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='数学', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='英语', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #     ]
        # )
        print(result, result.grades)
        # result = student.save()
        return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
    info = {'name': '卢俊义', 'address': '上海市浦东新区', 'phone': '18721741234', 'teacher': '张老师'}
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine(info)
    obj.add_one_student()

mongodb数据库中插入的数据：

四、查询数据

结果集QuerySet的获取：User.objects，User是模型对象

常用的查询方法：

all()：查询所有文档
filter()：按照条件查询
count()：满足条件的文档数
sum()/average()：求和/求平均数
order_by()：排序
.skip().limit()：分页

4.1、单个文档查询

first()：没有文档则返回None，User.objects.first()
get(**kwargs)

多个文档时，异常：MultipleObjectsReturned
没有文档时，异常：DoesNotExist
仅有一个文档时：返回ODM对象

示例代码：

from model import Student
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def get_one_student(self):
        """查询一个学生的信息"""
        student_info = Student.objects.first()
        print(student_info, student_info.id, student_info.stu_name, student_info.address)
        return student_info
    def get_all_student(self):
        """查询所有学生的信息"""
        student_all_info = Student.objects.all()
        print(student_all_info)
        return student_all_info
    def get_student_by_id(self, pk: str):
        """根据学生的id查询"""
        student_info_id = Student.objects.get(id=pk)
        print(student_info_id)
        return student_info_id
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.get_one_student()
    obj.get_all_student()
    obj.get_student_by_id('62dcd1f1a0da9e5521e73223')

运行结果：

4.2、条件查询

1）比较运算符

在MongoEngine中使用双下划线(__)分割。比如：age__gt=12，表示年龄大于12的学生信息。

2）MongoEngine中的字符串查询【i表示不区分大小写】

3）多个条件组合查询

Q函数的使用：from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
多个条件同时满足：Student.objects.filter(Q(key1=value1) & Q(key2=value2))
多个条件部分满足：Student.objects.filter(Q(key1=value1) | Q(key2=value2))

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def get_one_student(self):
        """查询一个学生的信息"""
        student_info = Student.objects.first()
        print(student_info, student_info.id, student_info.stu_name, student_info.address)
        return student_info
    def get_all_student(self):
        """查询所有学生的信息"""
        student_all_info = Student.objects.all()
        print(student_all_info)
        return student_all_info
    def get_student_by_id(self, pk: str):
        """根据学生的id查询"""
        student_info_id = Student.objects.get(id=pk)
        print(student_info_id)
        return student_info_id
    def get_student_1(self):
        """获取大于12岁的学生信息"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(age__gt=12)
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_2(self):
        """获取所有姓李的学生"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(stu_name__startswith='李')
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_3(self):
        """查询年龄在9~12之间（含）的学生信息"""
        # SELECT * FROM school_student_info WHERE age BETWEEN 9 AND 12;
        # db.students.find({'age': {'$gte': 9, '$lte': 12}})
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gte=9) & Q(age__lte=12))
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_4(self):
        """查询所有12岁以上的男生和9岁以下的女生"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gt=12, sex=SexEnum.MAN) | Q(age__lt=9, sex=SexEnum.WOMAN))
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_grade(self):
        """查询大于等于60分的学生成绩信息"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(grades__score__gte=80)  # 注意这儿写法
        print(result)
        for i in result:
            print(i.grades)
        return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.get_one_student()
    obj.get_student_1()
    obj.get_student_2()
    obj.get_student_3()
    obj.get_student_4()
    obj.get_grade()

运行结果：【注意：打印信息是由model中__call__函数设置决定的】

4.3、聚合统计

满足条件的文档数：User.objects.count()，所有的结果集都可以使用
求和/平均数：User.objects.filter().sum(field) / User.objects.filter().average(field)

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def get_student_4(self):
        """查询所有12岁以上的男生和9岁以下的女生"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gt=12, sex=SexEnum.MAN) | Q(age__lt=9, sex=SexEnum.WOMAN))
        print(result)
        return result
 
    def get_student_5(self):
        """查询所有12岁以上的男生和9岁以下的女生总数"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gt=12, sex=SexEnum.MAN) | Q(age__lt=9, sex=SexEnum.WOMAN)).count()
        print(result)
        return result
 
    def get_man_sex(self):
        """统计性别为男的总人数，并求出其平均年龄和总年龄"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(sex='男')
        print(queryset)
        man_num_count = queryset.count()
        print(man_num_count)
        man_avg_age = queryset.average('age')
        print(man_avg_age)
        man_sum_age = queryset.sum('age')
        print(man_sum_age)
        return man_avg_age, man_sum_age
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.get_student_4()
    obj.get_student_5()
    obj.get_man_sex()

运行结果：

4.4、排序

-：倒叙排列
(+)：正序排序，默认就是正序
Student.objects().order_by('field1', '-field2')

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def get_max_min_age(self):
        """获取最大年龄和最小年龄的学生信息"""
        queryset_min_age = Student.objects.order_by('age').first()
        queryset_max_age = Student.objects.order_by('-age').first()
        print(queryset_min_age, queryset_min_age.age)
        print(queryset_max_age, queryset_max_age.age)
 
        return '200 OK'
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.get_max_min_age()

运行结果：

4.5、分页处理

方式一，切片方式：User.objects.all()[10:15]
方式二，.skip().limit()：User.objects.skip(10).limit(5)

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def paginate(self, page: int = 1, page_size: int = 5):
        """
        分页处理
        :param page: 当前是第几页
        :param page_size: 每页有多少数据
        :return:
        """
        #  方法一：切片
        start = (page - 1) * page_size
        end = start + page_size
        queryset1 = Student.objects.all()[start:end]
        print(queryset1)
        #  方法二：skip().limit()
        queryset2 = Student.objects.skip(start).limit(page_size)
        print(queryset2)
        return "200 OK"
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.paginate(1, 6)
    print("*" * 100)
    obj.paginate(1, 3)
    obj.paginate(2, 3)

运行结果：

五、修改和删除数据

5.1、修改数据

修改数据时一般先过滤数据，再修改

修改一条数据：User.objects.filter().update_one()
批量修改数据：User.objects.filter().update()

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def update_one(self):
        """修改一条数据"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(stu_no='2438197')
        print(queryset)
        result = queryset.update_one(stu_name='白龙马', phone_no='16452412564')
        # result = queryset.update_one(stu_name='白龙马', unset__phone_no=True)
        print(result)
    def update_one_2(self):
        """修改一条数据"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(stu_no=3152784).first()
        print(queryset)
        if queryset:
            queryset.stu_name = '沙和尚'
            result = queryset.save()
            print(result)
            return "200 OK"
        else:
            return "error"
    def update_many(self):
        """将年龄10岁的学生年龄加一岁"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(age=10)
        print(queryset)
        queryset.update(inc__age=1)
        print(queryset)
        return "200 OK"
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.update_one()
    obj.update_one_2()
    obj.update_many()

运行结果：

5.2、删除数据

User.objects.filter().delete()

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def delete_data(self):
        """删除年龄大于13岁的学生"""
        queryset_start = Student.objects.all()
        print(f"删除前学生总数量：{queryset_start.count()}")
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(age__gt=13)
        print(f'删除的学生的数量：{queryset.count()}')
        res = queryset.delete()
        print(f"删除的结果：{res}")
        queryset_end = Student.objects.all()
        print(f"删除后剩余学生总数量：{queryset_end.count()}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.delete_data()

运行结果：

附录：

main.py

import random
from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum, CourseGrade
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def __init__(self, info):
        self.info = info
        print(self.info)
    def add_one_student(self):
        """新增一个学生信息"""
        result = Student.objects.create(
            stu_no=random.randint(3000, 9999999),
            stu_name=self.info['name'],
            sex=random.choice([SexEnum.MAN, SexEnum.WOMAN]),
            class_name='六年级三班',
            address=self.info['address'],
            phone_no=self.info['phone'],
            age=random.randint(10, 15),
            grades=[
                CourseGrade(course_name='语文', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='数学', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='英语', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
            ]
        )
        # student = Student(
        #     stu_no=random.randint(3000, 9999999),
        #     stu_name=self.info['name'],
        #     sex=random.choice([SexEnum.MAN, SexEnum.WOMAN]),
        #     class_name='六年级三班',
        #     address=self.info['address'],
        #     phone_no=self.info['phone'],
        #     age=random.randint(10, 15),
        #     grades=[
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='语文', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='数学', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='英语', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #     ]
        # )
        print(result, result.grades)
        # result = student.save()
        return result
    def get_one_student(self):
        """查询一个学生的信息"""
        student_info = Student.objects.first()
        print(student_info, student_info.id, student_info.stu_name, student_info.address)
        return student_info
    def get_all_student(self):
        """查询所有学生的信息"""
        student_all_info = Student.objects.all()
        print(student_all_info)
        return student_all_info
    def get_student_by_id(self, pk: str):
        """根据学生的id查询"""
        student_info_id = Student.objects.get(id=pk)
        print(student_info_id)
        return student_info_id
    def get_student_1(self):
        """获取大于12岁的学生信息"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(age__gt=12)
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_2(self):
        """获取所有姓李的学生"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(stu_name__startswith='李')
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_3(self):
        """查询年龄在9~12之间（含）的学生信息"""
        # SELECT * FROM school_student_info WHERE age BETWEEN 9 AND 12;
        # db.students.find({'age': {'$gte': 9, '$lte': 12}})
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gte=9) & Q(age__lte=12))
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_4(self):
        """查询所有12岁以上的男生和9岁以下的女生"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gt=12, sex=SexEnum.MAN) | Q(age__lt=9, sex=SexEnum.WOMAN))
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_5(self):
        """查询所有12岁以上的男生和9岁以下的女生总数"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gt=12, sex=SexEnum.MAN) | Q(age__lt=9, sex=SexEnum.WOMAN)).count()
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_man_sex(self):
        """统计性别为男的总人数，并求出其平均年龄和总年龄"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(sex='男')
        print(queryset)
        man_num_count = queryset.count()
        print(man_num_count)
        man_avg_age = queryset.average('age')
        print(man_avg_age)
        man_sum_age = queryset.sum('age')
        print(man_sum_age)
        return man_avg_age, man_sum_age
    def get_grade(self):
        """查询大于等于60分的学生成绩信息"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(grades__score__gte=80)  # 注意这儿写法
        print(result)
        for i in result:
            print(i.grades)
        return result
    def get_max_min_age(self):
        """获取最大年龄和最小年龄的学生信息"""
        queryset_min_age = Student.objects.order_by('age').first()
        queryset_max_age = Student.objects.order_by('-age').first()
        print(queryset_min_age, queryset_min_age.age)
        print(queryset_max_age, queryset_max_age.age)
        return '200 OK'
    def paginate(self, page: int = 1, page_size: int = 5):
        """
        分页处理
        :param page: 当前是第几页
        :param page_size: 每页有多少数据
        :return:
        """
        #  方法一：切片
        start = (page - 1) * page_size
        end = start + page_size
        queryset1 = Student.objects.all()[start:end]
        print(queryset1)
        #  方法二：skip().limit()
        queryset2 = Student.objects.skip(start).limit(page_size)
        print(queryset2)
        return "200 OK"
    def update_one(self):
        """修改一条数据"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(stu_no='2438197')
        print(queryset)
        result = queryset.update_one(stu_name='白龙马', phone_no='16452412564')
        # result = queryset.update_one(stu_name='白龙马', unset__phone_no=True)
        print(result)
    def update_one_2(self):
        """修改一条数据"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(stu_no=3152784).first()
        print(queryset)
        if queryset:
            queryset.stu_name = '沙和尚'
            result = queryset.save()
            print(result)
            return "200 OK"
        else:
            return "error"
    def update_many(self):
        """将年龄10岁的学生年龄加一岁"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(age=10)
        print(queryset)
        queryset.update(inc__age=1)
        print(queryset)
        return "200 OK"
    def delete_data(self):
        """删除年龄大于13岁的学生"""
        queryset_start = Student.objects.all()
        print(f"删除前学生总数量：{queryset_start.count()}")
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(age__gt=13)
        print(f'删除的学生的数量：{queryset.count()}')
        res = queryset.delete()
        print(f"删除的结果：{res}")
        queryset_end = Student.objects.all()
        print(f"删除后剩余学生总数量：{queryset_end.count()}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    #  自我测试代码
    pass

model.py

from mongoengine import Document, connect, EnumField, StringField, IntField, ListField, EmbeddedDocument, \
    EmbeddedDocumentField
from enum import Enum
#  连接到User数据库
connect('user', host='192.168.124.104', port=27017)
class SexEnum(Enum):
    MAN = '男'
    WOMAN = '女'
class CourseGrade(EmbeddedDocument):
    """成绩信息（科目、老师、成绩）-被嵌套的文档"""
    course_name = StringField(max_length=64, required=True, verbose_name='科目')
    teacher = StringField(max_length=16, verbose_name='老师')
    score = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, required=True, verbose_name='成绩')
    def __repr__(self):
        return f"CourseGrade({self.course_name},{self.score})"
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()
class Student(Document):
    """学生信息"""
    # verbose_name 自定义参数，用于显示定义域的名称
    stu_no = IntField(required=True, unique=True, verbose_name='学号')
    stu_name = StringField(required=True, max_length=16, verbose_name='姓名')
    sex = EnumField(enum=SexEnum, verbose_name='性别')
    class_name = StringField(max_length=10, verbose_name='班级')
    address = StringField(max_length=255, verbose_name='家庭住址')
    phone_no = StringField(max_length=11, verbose_name='电话号码')
    age = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, verbose_name='年龄')
    grades = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade), verbose_name='成绩数组')
    meta = {
        #  指定文档的集合
        'collection': 'students',
        #  指定排序，可以指定多个域。例如：'age':根据年龄升序，'-age'：根据年龄降序
        'ordering': ['-age'],
        'strict': False  # 设置非严格校验字段则不需要吧所有字段都声明
    }
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'Grade({self.stu_no}, {self.stu_name})'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()
class Grade(Document):
    """学生成绩"""
    # verbose_name 自定义参数，用于显示定义域的名称
    stu_no = IntField(required=True, verbose_name="学号")
    stu_name = StringField(required=True, max_length=16, verbose_name='姓名')
    sex = EnumField(enum=SexEnum, verbose_name='性别')
    class_name = StringField(max_length=10, verbose_name='班级')
    address = StringField(max_length=255, verbose_name='家庭住址')
    phone_no = StringField(max_length=11, verbose_name='电话号码')
    age = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, verbose_name='年龄')
    grades = EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade, verbose_name='成绩')
    meta = {
        # 指定文档的集合
        'collection': 'grades',
        # 指定排序，可以指定多个域。例如：'age':根据年龄升序，'-age'：根据年龄降序
        'ordering': ['-age']
    }
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'Grade({self.stu_no}, {self.stu_name})'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()

官方文档：
https://docs.mongoengine.org/guide/querying.html

到此这篇关于python中mongoengine库用法详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关python mongoengine库内容请搜索编程网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程网！

文章详情

详解python中mongoengine库用法

目录

一、MongoDB的安装与连接

二、MongoEngine模型介绍

2.1、ODM模型介绍

2.2、常见数据类型

2.3、数据类型通用参数

2.4、类属性meta常见配置项

2.5、文档的嵌套模型

三、添加数据

3.1、方式一

3.2、方式二：使用create()方法

四、查询数据

4.1、单个文档查询

4.2、条件查询

4.3、聚合统计

4.4、排序

4.5、分页处理

五、修改和删除数据

5.1、修改数据

5.2、删除数据

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