这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关Linux环境下PHP7.0的安装方法，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。
PHP7和HHVM比较
PHP7的在真实场景的性能确实已经和HHVM相当, 在一些场景甚至超过了HHVM。HHVM的运维复杂, 是多线程模型, 这就代表着如果一个线程导致crash了, 那么整个服务就挂了, 并且它不会自动重启。另外它采用JIT, 那么意味着, 重启以后要预热, 没有预热的情况下, 性能较为糟糕。并且多线程模型调试困难, 这对于追求稳定来说的Web服务来说, 是非常不适合的。
Nginx以及PHP7.0之前的版本可以参考此文：Linux环境Nginx安装与调试以及PHP安装
PHP7.0正式版已经在2015年11月份左右发布，目前是PHP7.0.2版本，本人最早是从2015年8月php7的第一个测试版跟起，现在正式版发布。
linux版本：64位CentOS 6.6
Nginx版本：nginx1.8.0
php版本：php-7.0.2
下载
wget http://php.net/get/php-7.0.2.tar.gz/from/a/mirror
建议安装之前先看看安装帮助文件INSTALL
解压安装
tar zxvf php-7.0.2.tar.gz
cd php-7.0.2
首先查看安装帮助
./configure --help
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \
–with-curl
–with-freetype-dir
–with-gd
–with-gettext
–with-iconv-dir
–with-kerberos
–with-libdir=lib64
–with-libxml-dir
–with-mysqli
–with-openssl
–with-pcre-regex
–with-pdo-mysql
–with-pdo-sqlite
–with-pear
–with-png-dir
–with-xmlrpc
–with-xsl
–with-zlib
–enable-fpm
–enable-bcmath
–enable-libxml
–enable-inline-optimization
–enable-gd-native-ttf
–enable-mbregex
–enable-mbstring
–enable-opcache
–enable-pcntl
–enable-shmop
–enable-soap
–enable-sockets
–enable-sysvsem
–enable-xml
–enable-zip
如果配置错误，需要安装需要的模块，直接yum一并安装依赖库
yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel mysql pcre-devel
注意：安装php7beta3的时候有几处配置不过去，需要yum一下，现在php-7.0.2已经不用这样了。
yum -y install curl-devel
yum -y install libxslt-devel
编译安装
make && make install
配置文件
cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
cp -R ./sapi/fpm/php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
需要注意的是php7中www.conf这个配置文件配置phpfpm的端口号等信息，如果你修改默认的9000端口号需在这里改，再改nginx的配置
启动
/etc/init.d/php-fpm
查看phpinfo()
php7和php5性能分析比较
<?php //time /usr/local/php5/bin/php search_by_key.php $a = array(); for($i=0;$i<600000;$i++){ $a[$i] = $i; } foreach($a as $i) { array_key_exists($i, $a); } ?>
生成一个 60 万元素的数组，通过查找key 的方式，来确定key是否存在。
PHP 5.4.44 版
[root@localhost www5.4.44]# time /usr/local/php5.4.44/bin/php search_by_key.php
real 0m0.351s
user 0m0.300s
sys 0m0.050s
PHP 5.5.28 版
[root@localhost www]# time /usr/local/php/bin/php search_by_key.php
real 0m0.361s
user 0m0.304s
sys 0m0.057s
PHP 7.0.0 版
[root@localhost www7]# time /usr/local/php7/bin/php search_by_key.php
real 0m0.114s
user 0m0.097s
sys 0m0.017s
很明显php7的性能是php5的3倍！
配置opcache
官网地址：http://php.net/opcache
使用下列推荐设置来获得较好的 性能：
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
你也可以禁用 opcache.save_comments 并且启用 opcache.enable_file_override。 需要提醒的是，在生产环境中使用上述配置之前，必须经过严格测试。 因为上述配置存在一个已知问题，它会引发一些框架和应用的异常， 尤其是在存在文档使用了备注注解的时候。
vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini
加入
zend_extension=/usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20141001/opcache.so
重启
killall php-fpm
/etc/init.d/php-fpm
Opcache 状态测试代码(https://gist.github.com/ck-on/4959032)进行演示：
<?php // ini_set('display_errors',1); error_reporting(-1);if ( count(get_included_files())>1 || php_sapi_name()=='cli' || empty($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) ) { die; } // weak block against indirect access $time=time();define('CACHEPREFIX',function_exists('opcache_reset')?'opcache_':(function_exists('accelerator_reset')?'accelerator_':'')); if ( !empty($_GET['RESET']) ) {if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'reset') ) { call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'reset'); }header( 'Location: '.str_replace('?'.$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'],'',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) );exit;} if ( !empty($_GET['RECHECK']) ) {if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'invalidate') ) {$recheck=trim($_GET['RECHECK']); $files=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status');if (!empty($files['scripts'])) {foreach ($files['scripts'] as $file=>$value) {if ( $recheck==='1' || strpos($file,$recheck)===0 ) call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'invalidate',$file);}}header( 'Location: '.str_replace('?'.$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'],'',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) );} else { echo 'Sorry, this feature requires Zend Opcache newer than April 8th 2013'; }exit;}?><!DOCTYPE html><body><p class="center"> <h2><a href="?">Opcache Control Panel</a></h2> <p class="buttons"><a href="?ALL=1">Details</a><a href="?FILES=1&GROUP=2&SORT=3">Files</a><a href="?RESET=1" "return confirm('RESET cache ?')">Reset</a><?php if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'invalidate') ) { ?><a href="?RECHECK=1" "return confirm('Recheck all files in the cache ?')">Recheck</a><?php } ?><a href="?" "window.location.reload(true); return false">Refresh</a></p> <?php if ( !function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status') ) { echo '<h3>Opcache not detected?</h3>'; die; } if ( !empty($_GET['FILES']) ) { echo '<h3>files cached</h3>'; files_display(); echo '</p></body></html>'; exit; } if ( !(isset($_REQUEST['GRAPHS']) && !$_REQUEST['GRAPHS']) && CACHEPREFIX=='opcache_') { graphs_display(); if ( !empty($_REQUEST['GRAPHS']) ) { exit; } } ob_start(); phpinfo(8); $phpinfo = ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean(); // some info is only available via phpinfo? sadly buffering capture has to be usedif ( !preg_match( '/module\_Zend (Optimizer\+|OPcache).+?(\<table[^>]*\>.+?\<\/table\>).+?(\<table[^>]*\>.+?\<\/table\>)/s', $phpinfo, $opcache) ) { } // todo if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'get_configuration') ) { echo '<h3>general</h3>'; $configuration=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_configuration'); } $host=function_exists('gethostname')?@gethostname():@php_uname('n'); if (empty($host)) { $host=empty($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])?$_SERVER['HOST_NAME']:$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']; }$version=array('Host'=>$host);$version['PHP Version']='PHP '.(defined('PHP_VERSION')?PHP_VERSION:'???').' '.(defined('PHP_SAPI')?PHP_SAPI:'').' '.(defined('PHP_OS')?' '.PHP_OS:'');$version['Opcache Version']=empty($configuration['version']['version'])?'???':$configuration['version'][CACHEPREFIX.'product_name'].' '.$configuration['version']['version'];print_table($version); if ( !empty($opcache[2]) ) { echo preg_replace('/\<tr\>\<td class\="e"\>[^>]+\<\/td\>\<td class\="v"\>[0-9\,\. ]+\<\/td\>\<\/tr\>/','',$opcache[2]); } if ( function_exists(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status') && $status=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status') ) {$uptime=array();if ( !empty($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['start_time']) ) {$uptime['uptime']=time_since($time,$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['start_time'],1,'');}if ( !empty($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['last_restart_time']) ) {$uptime['last_restart']=time_since($time,$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['last_restart_time']);}if (!empty($uptime)) {print_table($uptime);}if ( !empty($status['cache_full']) ) { $status['memory_usage']['cache_full']=$status['cache_full']; }echo '<h3 id="memory">memory</h3>';print_table($status['memory_usage']);unset($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['start_time'],$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['last_restart_time']);echo '<h3 id="statistics">statistics</h3>';print_table($status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']);} if ( empty($_GET['ALL']) ) { meta_display(); exit; }if ( !empty($configuration['blacklist']) ) { echo '<h3 id="blacklist">blacklist</h3>'; print_table($configuration['blacklist']); } if ( !empty($opcache[3]) ) { echo '<h3 id="runtime">runtime</h3>'; echo $opcache[3]; } $name='zend opcache'; $functions=get_extension_funcs($name);if (!$functions) { $name='zend optimizer+'; $functions=get_extension_funcs($name); }if ($functions) { echo '<h3 id="functions">functions</h3>'; print_table($functions); } else { $name=''; } $level=trim(CACHEPREFIX,'_').'.optimization_level';if (isset($configuration['directives'][$level])) {echo '<h3 id="optimization">optimization levels</h3>';$levelset=strrev(base_convert($configuration['directives'][$level], 10, 2));$levels=array(1=>'<a href="http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_subexpression_elimination">Constants subexpressions elimination</a> (CSE) true, false, null, etc.<br />Optimize series of ADD_STRING / ADD_CHAR<br />Convert CAST(IS_BOOL,x) into BOOL(x)<br />Convert <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.init-fcall-by-name.php">INIT_FCALL_BY_NAME</a> + <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.do-fcall-by-name.php">DO_FCALL_BY_NAME</a> into <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.do-fcall.php">DO_FCALL</a>',2=>'Convert constant operands to expected types<br />Convert conditional <a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.jmp.php">JMP</a> with constant operands<br />Optimize static <a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.brk.php">BRK</a> and <a href="<a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.cont.php">CONT</a>',3=>'Convert $a = $a + expr into $a += expr<br />Convert $a++ into ++$a<br />Optimize series of <a href="http://php.net/manual/internals2.opcodes.jmp.php">JMP</a>',4=>'PRINT and ECHO optimization (<a href="https://github.com/zend-dev/ZendOptimizerPlus/issues/73">defunct</a>)',5=>'Block Optimization - most expensive pass<br />Performs many different optimization patterns based on <a href="http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_flow_graph">control flow graph</a> (CFG)',9=>'Optimize <a href="http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_allocation">register allocation</a> (allows re-usage of temporary variables)',10=>'Remove NOPs');echo '<table width="600" border="0" cellpadding="3"><tbody><tr class="h"><th>Pass</th><th>Description</th></tr>';foreach ($levels as $pass=>$description) {$disabled=substr($levelset,$pass-1,1)!=='1' || $pass==4 ? ' white':'';echo '<tr><td class="v center middle'.$disabled.'">'.$pass.'</td><td class="v'.$disabled.'">'.$description.'</td></tr>';}echo '</table>';} if ( isset($_GET['DUMP']) ) {if ($name) { echo '<h3 id="ini">ini</h3>'; print_table(ini_get_all($name,true)); }foreach ($configuration as $key=>$value) { echo '<h3>',$key,'</h3>'; print_table($configuration[$key]); }exit;} meta_display(); echo '</p></body></html>'; exit; function time_since($time,$original,$extended=0,$text='ago') {$time = $time - $original;$day = $extended? floor($time/86400) : round($time/86400,0);$amount=0; $unit='';if ( $time < 86400) {if ( $time < 60){ $amount=$time; $unit='second'; }elseif ( $time < 3600) { $amount=floor($time/60); $unit='minute'; }else{ $amount=floor($time/3600); $unit='hour'; }}elseif ( $day < 14) { $amount=$day; $unit='day'; }elseif ( $day < 56) { $amount=floor($day/7); $unit='week'; }elseif ( $day < 672) { $amount=floor($day/30); $unit='month'; }else {$amount=intval(2*($day/365))/2; $unit='year'; }if ( $amount!=1) {$unit.='s';}if ($extended && $time>60) { $text=' and '.time_since($time,$time<86400?($time<3600?$amount*60:$amount*3600):$day*86400,0,'').$text; }return $amount.' '.$unit.' '.$text;} function print_table($array,$headers=false) {if ( empty($array) || !is_array($array) ) {return;}echo '<table border="0" cellpadding="3" width="600">';if (!empty($headers)) {if (!is_array($headers)) {$headers=array_keys(reset($array));}echo '<tr class="h">';foreach ($headers as $value) { echo '<th>',$value,'</th>'; }echo '</tr>';}foreach ($array as $key=>$value) {echo '<tr>';if ( !is_numeric($key) ) {$key=ucwords(str_replace('_',' ',$key));echo '<td class="e">',$key,'</td>';if ( is_numeric($value) ) {if ( $value>1048576) { $value=round($value/1048576,1).'M'; }elseif ( is_float($value) ) { $value=round($value,1); }}}if ( is_array($value) ) {foreach ($value as $column) {echo '<td class="v">',$column,'</td>';}echo '</tr>';}else { echo '<td class="v">',$value,'</td></tr>'; }}echo '</table>';} function files_display() {$status=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status');if ( empty($status['scripts']) ) {return;}if ( isset($_GET['DUMP']) ) { print_table($status['scripts']); exit;}$time=time(); $sort=0;$nogroup=preg_replace('/\&?GROUP\=[\-0-9]+/','',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);$nosort=preg_replace('/\&?SORT\=[\-0-9]+/','',$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);$group=empty($_GET['GROUP'])?0:intval($_GET['GROUP']); if ( $group<0 || $group>9) { $group=1;}$groupset=array_fill(0,9,''); $groupset[$group]=' class="b" ';echo '<p class="meta"><a ',$groupset[0],'href="',$nogroup,'">ungroup</a> |<a ',$groupset[1],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=1">1</a> |<a ',$groupset[2],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=2">2</a> |<a ',$groupset[3],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=3">3</a> |<a ',$groupset[4],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=4">4</a> |<a ',$groupset[5],'href="',$nogroup,'&GROUP=5">5</a></p>';if ( !$group ) { $files =& $status['scripts']; }else {$files=array();foreach ($status['scripts'] as $data) {if ( preg_match('@^[/]([^/]+[/]){'.$group.'}@',$data['full_path'],$path) ) {if ( empty($files[$path[0]])) { $files[$path[0]]=array('full_path'=>'','files'=>0,'hits'=>0,'memory_consumption'=>0,'last_used_timestamp'=>'','timestamp'=>''); }$files[$path[0]]['full_path']=$path[0];$files[$path[0]]['files']++;$files[$path[0]]['memory_consumption']+=$data['memory_consumption'];$files[$path[0]]['hits']+=$data['hits'];if ( $data['last_used_timestamp']>$files[$path[0]]['last_used_timestamp']) {$files[$path[0]]['last_used_timestamp']=$data['last_used_timestamp'];}if ( $data['timestamp']>$files[$path[0]]['timestamp']) {$files[$path[0]]['timestamp']=$data['timestamp'];}}}}if ( !empty($_GET['SORT']) ) {$keys=array('full_path'=>SORT_STRING,'files'=>SORT_NUMERIC,'memory_consumption'=>SORT_NUMERIC,'hits'=>SORT_NUMERIC,'last_used_timestamp'=>SORT_NUMERIC,'timestamp'=>SORT_NUMERIC);$titles=array('','path',$group?'files':'','size','hits','last used','created');$offsets=array_keys($keys);$key=intval($_GET['SORT']);$direction=$key>0?1:-1;$key=abs($key)-1;$key=isset($offsets[$key])&&!($key==1&&empty($group))?$offsets[$key]:reset($offsets);$sort=array_search($key,$offsets)+1;$sortflip=range(0,7); $sortflip[$sort]=-$direction*$sort;if ( $keys[$key]==SORT_STRING) {$direction=-$direction; }$arrow=array_fill(0,7,''); $arrow[$sort]=$direction>0?' ▼':' ▲';$direction=$direction>0?SORT_DESC:SORT_ASC;$column=array(); foreach ($files as $data) { $column[]=$data[$key]; }array_multisort($column, $keys[$key], $direction, $files);} echo '<table border="0" cellpadding="3" width="960" id="files"><tr class="h">';foreach ($titles as $column=>$title) {if ($title) echo '<th><a href="',$nosort,'&SORT=',$sortflip[$column],'">',$title,$arrow[$column],'</a></th>';}echo ' </tr>';foreach ($files as $data) {echo '<tr><td class="v" nowrap><a title="recheck" href="?RECHECK=',rawurlencode($data['full_path']),'">x</a>',$data['full_path'],'</td>',($group?'<td class="vr">'.number_format($data['files']).'</td>':''),'<td class="vr">',number_format(round($data['memory_consumption']/1024)),'K</td>','<td class="vr">',number_format($data['hits']),'</td>','<td class="vr">',time_since($time,$data['last_used_timestamp']),'</td>','<td class="vr">',empty($data['timestamp'])?'':time_since($time,$data['timestamp']),'</td></tr>';}echo '</table>';} function graphs_display() {$graphs=array();$colors=array('green','brown','red');$primes=array(223, 463, 983, 1979, 3907, 7963, 16229, 32531, 65407, 130987);$configuration=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_configuration');$status=call_user_func(CACHEPREFIX.'get_status'); $graphs['memory']['total']=$configuration['directives']['opcache.memory_consumption'];$graphs['memory']['free']=$status['memory_usage']['free_memory'];$graphs['memory']['used']=$status['memory_usage']['used_memory'];$graphs['memory']['wasted']=$status['memory_usage']['wasted_memory']; $graphs['keys']['total']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['max_cached_keys'];foreach ($primes as $prime) { if ($prime>=$graphs['keys']['total']) { $graphs['keys']['total']=$prime; break;} }$graphs['keys']['free']=$graphs['keys']['total']-$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_keys'];$graphs['keys']['scripts']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_scripts'];$graphs['keys']['wasted']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_keys']-$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['num_cached_scripts']; $graphs['hits']['total']=0;$graphs['hits']['hits']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['hits'];$graphs['hits']['misses']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['misses'];$graphs['hits']['blacklist']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['blacklist_misses'];$graphs['hits']['total']=array_sum($graphs['hits']); $graphs['restarts']['total']=0;$graphs['restarts']['manual']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['manual_restarts'];$graphs['restarts']['keys']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['hash_restarts'];$graphs['restarts']['memory']=$status[CACHEPREFIX.'statistics']['oom_restarts'];$graphs['restarts']['total']=array_sum($graphs['restarts']); foreach ( $graphs as $caption=>$graph) {echo '<p class="graph"><p class="h">',$caption,'</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">';foreach ($graph as $label=>$value) {if ($label=='total') { $key=0; $total=$value; $totaldisplay='<td rowspan="3" class="total"><span>'.($total>999999?round($total/1024/1024).'M':($total>9999?round($total/1024).'K':$total)).'</span><p></p></td>'; continue;}$percent=$total?floor($value*100/$total):''; $percent=!$percent||$percent>99?'':$percent.'%';echo '<tr>',$totaldisplay,'<td class="actual">', ($value>999999?round($value/1024/1024).'M':($value>9999?round($value/1024).'K':$value)),'</td><td class="bar ',$colors[$key],'" height="',$percent,'">',$percent,'</td><td>',$label,'</td></tr>';$key++; $totaldisplay='';}echo '</table></p>',"\n";}} function meta_display() {?><p class="meta"><a href="http://files.zend.com/help/Zend-Server-6/content/zendoptimizerplus.html">directives guide</a> |<a href="http://files.zend.com/help/Zend-Server-6/content/zend_optimizer+_-_php_api.htm">functions guide</a> |<a href="https://wiki.php.net/rfc/optimizerplus">wiki.php.net</a> |<a href="http://pecl.php.net/package/ZendOpcache">pecl</a> |<a href="https://github.com/zend-dev/ZendOptimizerPlus/">Zend source</a> |<a href="https://gist.github.com/ck-on/4959032/?ocp.php">OCP latest</a></p><?php}关于“Linux环境下PHP7.0的安装方法”这篇文章就分享到这里了，希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助，使各位可以学到更多知识，如果觉得文章不错，请把它分享出去让更多的人看到。
