本文实例为大家分享了c语言实现通用数据结构之通用链表的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下
忽然想起来，大概在两年之前学习C语言的时候，曾经用C语言写过一些通用的数据结构。主要也就实现了链表、队列、椎、HashSet，还有HashMap。当时只是知道标准的C语言中没有这方面的类库，后来才知道有很多第三方的类似这样的类库。废话不多说，先把代码粘过来。
下面实现的是通用链表，注意链表中只存储了指针，没有储存实际的数据。
头文件
#ifndef MYLIST_H_INCLUDED
#define MYLIST_H_INCLUDED
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct myNode
{
void * data;
struct myNode *next;
} MyNode;
typedef struct myList
{
MyNode * first;
MyNode * last;
int count;
int (*equal)(void * a, void * b);
} MyList;
typedef struct myListIterator
{
MyNode * p;
int count;
int allSize;
} MyListIterator;
//创建链表
MyList * createMyList();
//创建链表，带有相等参数，用于查找
MyList * createMySearchList(int(*equal)(void * a, void * b));
//释放链表
void freeMyList(MyList * list);
//插入在尾部
void myListInsertDataAtLast(MyList* const list, void* const data);
//插入在首部
void myListInsertDataAtFirst(MyList * const list, void* const data);
//插入
void myListInsertDataAt(MyList * const list, void* const data, int index);
//删除在尾部
void* myListRemoveDataAtLast(MyList* const list);
//删除在首部
void* myListRemoveDataAtFirst(MyList * const list);
//删除
void* myListRemoveDataAt(MyList* const list, int index);
//删除对象,返回是否删除成功
int myListRemoveDataObject(MyList* const list, void * data);
//长度
int myListGetSize(const MyList * const list);
//打印
void myListOutput(const MyList * const list, void(*pt)(const void * const));
//取得数据
void* myListGetDataAt(const MyList * const list, int index);
//取得第一个数据
void* myListGetDataAtFirst(const MyList * const list);
//取得最后一个数据
void* myListGetDataAtLast(const MyList * const list);
//查找某个数据的位置,如果equal方法为空，比较地址，否则调用equal方法
//如果不存在返回-1，如果存在，返回出现的第一个位置
int myListFindDataIndex(const MyList * const list, void * data);
//创建遍历器
MyListIterator* createMyListIterator(const MyList * const list);
//释放遍历器
void freeMyListIterator(MyListIterator* iterator);
//遍历器是否有下一个元素
int myListIteratorHasNext(const MyListIterator* const iterator);
//返回遍历器的下一个元素
void * myListIteratorNext(MyListIterator* const iterator);
#endif // MYLIST_H_INCLUDED源文件
#include "myList.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
//创建链表
MyList * createMyList()
{
MyList * re = (MyList *) malloc(sizeof(MyList));
re->count = 0;
re->first = NULL;
re->last = NULL;
re->equal = NULL;
return re;
}
//释放链表
void freeMyList(MyList * list)
{
MyNode * p;
while (list->first)
{
p = list->first->next;
free(list->first);
list->first = p;
}
free(list);
}
//插入在尾部
void myListInsertDataAtLast(MyList * const list, void* const data)
{
MyNode * node = (MyNode *) malloc(sizeof(MyNode));
node->data = data;
node->next = NULL;
if (list->count)
{
list->last->next = node;
list->last = node;
}
else
{
list->first = node;
list->last = node;
}
(list->count)++;
}
//插入在首部
void myListInsertDataAtFirst(MyList * const list, void* const data)
{
MyNode * node = (MyNode *) malloc(sizeof(MyNode));
node->data = data;
node->next = NULL;
if (list->count)
{
node->next = list->first;
list->first = node;
}
else
{
list->first = node;
list->last = node;
}
(list->count)++;
}
//长度
int myListGetSize(const MyList * const list)
{
return list->count;
}
//打印
void myListOutput(const MyList * const list, void(*pt)(const void * const))
{
MyNode * p = list->first;
while (p)
{
(*pt)(p->data);
p = p->next;
}
}
//删除在尾部
void* myListRemoveDataAtLast(MyList* const list)
{
if (list->count == 1)
{
return myListRemoveDataAtFirst(list);
}
MyNode * p = list->first;
while (p->next != list->last)
{
p = p->next;
}
void *re = list->last->data;
free(list->last);
p->next = NULL;
list->last = p;
(list->count)--;
return re;
}
//删除在首部
void* myListRemoveDataAtFirst(MyList * const list)
{
MyNode *p = list->first;
list->first = p->next;
void * re = p->data;
free(p);
(list->count)--;
if (list->count == 0)
{
list->last = NULL;
}
return re;
}
//插入
void myListInsertDataAt(MyList * const list, void* const data, int index)
{
if (index == 0)
{
myListInsertDataAtFirst(list, data);
return;
}
if (index == list->count)
{
myListInsertDataAtLast(list, data);
return;
}
MyNode * node = (MyNode *) malloc(sizeof(MyNode));
node->data = data;
node->next = NULL;
MyNode * p = list->first;
for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++)
{
p = p->next;
}
node->next = p->next;
p->next = node;
(list->count)++;
}
//删除
void* myListRemoveDataAt(MyList* const list, int index)
{
if (index == 0)
{
return myListRemoveDataAtFirst(list);
}
if (index == list->count - 1)
{
return myListRemoveDataAtLast(list);
}
MyNode * p = list->first;
for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++)
{
p = p->next;
}
MyNode *tp = p->next;
p->next = p->next->next;
void * re = tp->data;
free(tp);
(list->count)--;
return re;
}
//取得数据
void* myListGetDataAt(const MyList * const list, int index)
{
if (index == list->count - 1)
{
return myListGetDataAtLast(list);
}
MyNode * p = list->first;
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
{
p = p->next;
}
return p->data;
}
//取得第一个数据
void* myListGetDataAtFirst(const MyList * const list)
{
return list->first->data;
}
//取得最后一个数据
void* myListGetDataAtLast(const MyList * const list)
{
return list->last->data;
}
//查找某个数据的位置,如果equal方法为空，比较地址，否则调用equal方法
//如果不存在返回-1，如果存在，返回出现的第一个位置
int myListFindDataIndex(const MyList * const list, void * data)
{
MyNode * p = list->first;
int re = 0;
if (list->equal)
{
while (p)
{
if (p->data == data || (*(list->equal))(p->data, data))
{
return re;
}
re++;
p = p->next;
}
}
else
{
while (p)
{
if (p->data == data)
{
return re;
}
re++;
p = p->next;
}
}
return -1;
}
//创建链表，带有相等参数，用于查找
MyList * createMySearchList(int(*equal)(void * a, void * b))
{
MyList * re = createMyList();
re->equal = equal;
return re;
}
//创建遍历器
MyListIterator* createMyListIterator(const MyList * const list)
{
MyListIterator * re = (MyListIterator *) malloc(sizeof(MyListIterator));
re->p = list->first;
re->allSize = list->count;
re->count = 0;
return re;
}
//释放遍历器
void freeMyListIterator(MyListIterator* iterator)
{
free(iterator);
}
//遍历器是否有下一个元素
int myListIteratorHasNext(const MyListIterator* const iterator)
{
return iterator->count < iterator->allSize;
}
//返回遍历器的下一个元素
void * myListIteratorNext(MyListIterator* const iterator)
{
void * re = iterator->p->data;
iterator->p = iterator->p->next;
(iterator->count)++;
return re;
}
//删除对象,返回是否删除成功
int myListRemoveDataObject(MyList* const list, void * data)
{
MyListIterator * it = createMyListIterator(list);
int a = 0;
while (myListIteratorHasNext(it))
{
void * ld = myListIteratorNext(it);
if (data == ld || (list->equal != NULL && (*(list->equal))(ld, data)))
{
a = 1;
break;
}
}
if (a)
{
myListRemoveDataAt(list, it->count - 1);
}
return a;
}测试文件
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "myList.h"
typedef struct a
{
int i;
char c;
} A;
void ppt(const void* const p)
{
A * pp= p;
printf("%d(%c) ", pp->i, pp->c);
}
int main()
{
const int S =10;
//创建并初始化数据
A * data= malloc(sizeof(A)*S);
for (int i=0; i< S; i++)
{
data[i].i=i;
data[i].c=(char)('A'+0);
}
//创建链表
MyList * list= createMyList();
//测试三种插入方法
myListInsertDataAtLast( list, &data[0]);
myListInsertDataAtFirst( list, &data[4]);
myListInsertDataAt(list, &data[1], 1 );
//测试查找
int index = myListFindDataIndex(list, &data[2]);
printf("%d\n", index);
index = myListFindDataIndex(list, &data[4]);
printf("%d\n", index);
//输出
myListOutput(list, ppt );
puts("");
//测试使用迭代器输出
MyListIterator * it = createMyListIterator(list);
while(myListIteratorHasNext(it))
{
A * pp = myListIteratorNext(it);
printf("%d[%c] ", pp->i, pp->c);
}
puts("");
//释放迭代器
freeMyListIterator(it);
//释放链表
freeMyList(list);
//释放数据
free(data);
return 0;
}以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持编程网。
