这篇文章主要为大家展示了“Spring Bean怎么初始化”,内容简而易懂,条理清晰,希望能够帮助大家解决疑惑,下面让小编带领大家一起研究并学习一下“Spring Bean怎么初始化”这篇文章吧。
前言
做Java都有很多年了,一直有一个疑惑: Spring 如何初始化bean,怎么调用反射实例化对象的,自己动手来解除这个疑惑。 过去我认为spring bean对象实例化一直都是由BeanPostProcessor接口实现类去做的,我就是不知道具体那个实现类。
三级缓存
为什么面试官特别喜欢问创建bean的三级缓存,主要是因为bean创建都是伴随着三级缓存之间的转换完成的,对象不同状态分别存在不同缓存中,下面我会在分析代码时,顺便支持对象如何在缓存中流转的。 先了解下spring 三级缓存。
private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16);private final Map<String, ObjectFactory<?>> singletonFactories = new HashMap<>(16)
三级缓存主要作用: 创建对象ObjectFactory首先放入三级换缓存中,当调用getObject 创建实例时,会将创建好对象加入二级缓存中,并且删除三级中缓存,当对象已经完成初始化方法和属性注入,再将缓存添加到一级缓存中,并且删除二级缓存。
doGetBean
从源头开始找,所有spring bean 初始化都是由AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean
方法实现的。下面我将源码减除臃肿部分,贴出来。
protected <T> T doGetBean(String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType, @Nullable Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)throws BeansException { //name 前缀处理 beanFactory beanName 带有&开头String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);Object beanInstance; //从三级缓存去取bean,三级中都没有则返回null,说明对象还没有创建Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) { //如果缓存中bean 是FactoryBean实例,要通过接口获取到实际beanbeanInstance = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);}else { //判断bean对象标记是否正在创建中,如果正在创建中则不应该继续下去,出现依赖循环就会出现这个错误if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);}BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory(); // 检查父容器是否存在,尝试从父容器中获取if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);}else if (args != null) {return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);}else if (requiredType != null) {return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);}else {return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup);}}if (!typeCheckOnly) { //缓存中标记beanName 正在被创建markBeanAsCreated(beanName);}StartupStep beanCreation = this.applicationStartup.start("spring.beans.instantiate").tag("beanName", name);try {if (requiredType != null) {beanCreation.tag("beanType", requiredType::toString);}RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);// Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();if (dependsOn != null) { //bean 中@DependsOn 信息,用于标记bean之间初始化顺序,优先创建@DependsOn 中beanfor (String dep : dependsOn) {if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");}registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);try {getBean(dep);}catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,"'" + beanName + "' depends on missing bean '" + dep + "'", ex);}}} //创建单例对象if (mbd.isSingleton()) { //重点就在这里实例化对象 ,getSingleton 就是在这里将创建完成对象加入到一级缓存中sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {try {return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);}catch (BeansException ex) destroySingleton(beanName);throw ex;}}); //如果生成bean 是FactoryBean ,再获取真正的对象beanInstance = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);} //作用域 = prototype,因为不会放入缓存中,每次获取都要重新创建else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.Object prototypeInstance = null;try {beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);}finally {afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);}beanInstance = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);}else { // session request 这些作用域,由作用域容器去管理这些对象String scopeName = mbd.getScope();if (!StringUtils.hasLength(scopeName)) {throw new IllegalStateException("No scope name defined for bean ´" + beanName + "'");}Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);if (scope == null) {throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");}try {Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);try {return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);}finally {afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);}});beanInstance = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);}catch (IllegalStateException ex) {throw new ScopeNotActiveException(beanName, scopeName, ex);}}}catch (BeansException ex) {beanCreation.tag("exception", ex.getClass().toString());beanCreation.tag("message", String.valueOf(ex.getMessage()));cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);throw ex;}finally {beanCreation.end();}} //返回初始化成功的对象,一个对象初始化就这样完成的了 return adaptBeanInstance(name, beanInstance, requiredType); }
大概总结一下上面代码流程:
先从三级缓存中获取,如果缓存中都没有。再去判断是否存在父容器,从父容器中获取。没有正式进入bean 初始化流程,先根据beanName 获取到RootBeanDefinition,bean类元信息、先处理dependsOn中bean,保证bean依赖的创建顺序,下面会说明
org.springframework.context.annotation.@DependsOn
这个注解。下一步按照不同scope 进行bean 对象初始化。初始化流程就是这样,我们将目光放在单例bean 如何实例化,集中关注AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean
获取注册一个单例对象
@DependsOn
注解意思是实例化某个对象依赖于某一个实例化,但是不需要持有这个实例对象。比如bean A上 需要依赖bean b才能实例化,但是bean b 不需要作为他的属性,常常用于不同实例实例化顺序标记。
看下getSingleton方法
public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);if (singletonObject == null) {if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) { //标记bean 是否在销毁throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName,"Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction " +"(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");}beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);boolean newSingleton = false;boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<>();}try {singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();newSingleton = true;}catch (IllegalStateException ex) {}catch (BeanCreationException ex) {throw ex;}finally {if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {this.suppressedExceptions = null;}afterSingletonCreation(beanName);}if (newSingleton) {addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject); //就是在这里删除二三级缓存,提交到一级缓存}}return singletonObject;}}protected void addSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) {synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {this.singletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);}}
添加到一级缓存则说明bean已经完成实例化,可以正常使用了。下面看下如何进行实例化和属性注入的。
createBean
下面进入AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean
protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)throws BeanCreationException {RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd; //克隆一份mbd => mbdToUseClass<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);}// Prepare method overrides.try {mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();}catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(),beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);}try {// Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance. //通过BeanPostProcessors 增强返回一个代理对象,这个生成AOP的代理对象,使用多个BeanPostProcessors来处理Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);if (bean != null) {return bean;}}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,"BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);}try { // bean 对象实例化就这里实现Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);return beanInstance;}catch (BeanCreationException | ImplicitlyAppearedSingletonException ex) {throw ex;}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Unexpected exception during bean creation", ex);}}
这里逻辑就比较简单了 ,克隆一份RootBeanDefinition用于初始化对象,resolveBeforeInstantiation 主要用于初始化代理对象情况,主要使用BeanPostProcessor子类InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor实现方法去实现对象初始化,并且在实例化成功后在调用后置方法进行对象依赖注入,这里可以看见此方法返回对象直接跳出方法栈,这里可以看出单例和代理对象还是有区别的。单例对象初始化就在doCreateBean 实现了
doCreateBean
下面就是AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean
非常接近对象如何实例化的了
protected Object doCreateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)throws BeanCreationException {// Instantiate the bean.BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;if (mbd.isSingleton()) { instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);}if (instanceWrapper == null) {instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args); //这个就是实例化方法}Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();if (beanType != NullBean.class) {mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;}// 使用BeanDefinitionPostProcessors 对合并bean进行实例化 synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {if (!mbd.postProcessed) {try {applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);}mbd.postProcessed = true;}}// 这里就需要用到上面说的三级缓存知识了// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)); //是否放入第三级缓存中if (earlySingletonExposure) {if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");}addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean)); //将已经实例化的对象加入到第三级缓存 singletonFactories }// Initialize the bean instance.Object exposedObject = bean;try {populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper); //对属性进入注入,下面会具体分析的exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd); //执行初始化方法,或者注入Aware 接口bean}catch (Throwable ex) {if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {throw (BeanCreationException) ex;}else {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);}}//下面代码省略 //主要就是对设置了DisposableBean 接口销毁钩子方法处理}
这里代码主要分成三部分
初始化实例,创建对象完成,并且添加到3级缓存。第3级缓存常常用于存储代理对象,因为有些类需要动态代理方法,需要生成代理对象,会委派给第三级缓存方法ObjectFactroy去实现的,普通对象如果不需要会直接返回。
对实例化bean进行属性注入
执行初始化方法,DisposableBean接口加入到disposableBeans容器中
instantiateBean
protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args) {// Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.Class<?> beanClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);if (beanClass != null && !Modifier.isPublic(beanClass.getModifiers()) && !mbd.isNonPublicAccessAllowed()) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,"Bean class isn't public, and non-public access not allowed: " + beanClass.getName());}Supplier<?> instanceSupplier = mbd.getInstanceSupplier();if (instanceSupplier != null) {// 有实现Supplier 接口,由instanceSupplier.get() 方法创建实例return obtainFromSupplier(instanceSupplier, beanName);} //factoryName 使用工厂模式创建bean,调用工厂方法去创建,这个支持静态方法和factoryBean.invokeif (mbd.getFactoryMethodName() != null) {return instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mbd, args);}// Shortcut when re-creating the same bean...boolean resolved = false; //标记构造函数是否需要参数boolean autowireNecessary = false; //标记构造方法的参数是否使用注入方式if (args == null) {synchronized (mbd.constructorArgumentLock) { if (mbd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod != null) {resolved = true;autowireNecessary = mbd.constructorArgumentsResolved;}}}if (resolved) {if (autowireNecessary) { //使用构造函数注入方式实例化return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, null, null);}else { //实例化对象return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);}}// 获取构造函数参数Constructor<?>[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);if (ctors != null || mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR ||mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) {return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);}// Preferred constructors for default construction?ctors = mbd.getPreferredConstructors();if (ctors != null) {return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, null);}// No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor.return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);}
实例化方法instantiateBean最终会调用SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate 进行实例化
instantiate
public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner) {// Don't override the class with CGLIB if no overrides.if (!bd.hasMethodOverrides()) {Constructor<?> constructorToUse;synchronized (bd.constructorArgumentLock) {constructorToUse = (Constructor<?>) bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod;if (constructorToUse == null) {final Class<?> clazz = bd.getBeanClass();if (clazz.isInterface()) {throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface");}try {if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {constructorToUse = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedExceptionAction<Constructor<?>>) clazz::getDeclaredConstructor);}else {constructorToUse = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(); //获取构造函数}bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod = constructorToUse;}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "No default constructor found", ex);}}}return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructorToUse); //调用构造函数进行实例化}else {// Must generate CGLIB subclass.return instantiateWithMethodInjection(bd, beanName, owner);}}
instantiateClass
@Overridepublic Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner) {// Don't override the class with CGLIB if no overrides.if (!bd.hasMethodOverrides()) {Constructor<?> constructorToUse;synchronized (bd.constructorArgumentLock) {constructorToUse = (Constructor<?>) bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod;if (constructorToUse == null) {final Class<?> clazz = bd.getBeanClass();if (clazz.isInterface()) {throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface");}try {if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {constructorToUse = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedExceptionAction<Constructor<?>>) clazz::getDeclaredConstructor);}else {constructorToUse = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor();}bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod = constructorToUse;}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "No default constructor found", ex);}}}return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructorToUse); //调用构造器进行初始化}else {// Must generate CGLIB subclass.return instantiateWithMethodInjection(bd, beanName, owner);}}
这里要注意下先判断bean是否有方法重写的,没有则使用反射生成的构造器,有就使用gclib方式创建代理对象,具体实现方式就在org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate
,有兴趣同学可以去学习下。 到此一个简单bean实例化完成了。
注入
下面进入IOC另一个特点,bean注入,先从AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean
方法开始
protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable BeanWrapper bw) {// Give any InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors the opportunity to modify the// state of the bean before properties are set. This can be used, for example,// to support styles of field injection. //通过InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors.postProcessAfterInstantiation 如果返回true,目标实例内部的返回值会被populate,否则populate这个过程会被忽视 //翻译说如果返回true可以执行字段注入 真的6666啊if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {for (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessorCache().instantiationAware) {if (!bp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {return;}}}PropertyValues pvs = (mbd.hasPropertyValues() ? mbd.getPropertyValues() : null); //获取注入方式分布有4种int resolvedAutowireMode = mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode(); if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME || resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);// Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);}// Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);}pvs = newPvs;}boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors(); //依赖方式,模式都是没有类型检查,这种依赖方式一般都是xml 配置用得比较多,没有配置这里都是返回falseboolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != AbstractBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE); /PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = null;if (hasInstAwareBpps) {if (pvs == null) {pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();}for (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessorCache().instantiationAware) {PropertyValues pvsToUse = bp.postProcessProperties(pvs, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName); //获取注解标注需要注入方法或者是字段,并且进行注入if (pvsToUse == null) {if (filteredPds == null) {filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);}pvsToUse = bp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);if (pvsToUse == null) {return;}}pvs = pvsToUse;}}if (needsDepCheck) {if (filteredPds == null) {filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);}checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);}if (pvs != null) {applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);}}
小知识点: AutowireCapableBeanFactory.AUTOWIRE_NO 表明不会对当前Bean进行外部类的注入,常规使用@Autowire、@Resource 都是这类型 剩下三种都是通过xml 或者 AutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowire(Class<?> beanClass, int autowireMode, boolean dependencyCheck) 进行设置autowireMode 。
根据上面代码可以知道主流程bean注入都是由InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 进行处理的,简单说明接口方法
方法 | 描述 |
---|---|
postProcessBeforeInitialization | 方法是最 先执行的方法,它在目标对象实例化之前调用,该方法的返回值类型是Object,我们可以返回任何类型的值。由于这个时候目标对象还未实例化,所以这个返回值可以用来代替原本该生成的目标对象的实例(比如代理对象)。如果该方法的返回值代替原本该生成的目标对象,后续只有postProcessAfterInitialization方法会调用,其它方法不再调用;否则按照正常的流程走 |
postProcessAfterInitialization | 方法在目标对象实例化之后调用,这个时候对象已经被实例化,但是该实例的属性还未被设置,都是null。因为它的返回值是决定要不要调用postProcessPropertyValues方法的其中一个因素(因为还有一个因素是mbd.getDependencyCheck());如果该方法返回false,并且不需要check,那么postProcessPropertyValues就会被忽略不执行;如果返回true,postProcessPropertyValues就会被执行 |
postProcessPropertyValues | 对bean属性值赋值后调用,对属性值的修改。如果postProcessAfterInstantiation方法返回false,该方法可能不会被调用。可以在该方法内对属性值进行修改 |
postProcessProperties | Bean属性赋值就是调用这个方法的 |
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 接口实现类主要分3个
ConfigurationClassPostProcessor:看类名就知道处理@Configuration实例化,并没有属性注入逻辑,不详讲略过。
CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor:这个类就是实现bean注入,但是是实现JSR-250 注解、@Resource,@EJB、@WebServiceRef,@WebServiceContext,@PostConstrusct、@PreDestory这些注解实现。
AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor:实现 @Autowired、@Value注入,并且支持JSR-330's @Inject,主要分析这个类就可以知道bean 注入的。
AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor分析
private final Set<Class<? extends Annotation>> autowiredAnnotationTypes = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Autowired.class);this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Value.class);try {this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add((Class<? extends Annotation>)ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Inject", AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class.getClassLoader()));logger.trace("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring");}catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {// JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.}}
在初始化时就将支持注解加入集合中,再使用扫描器去扫描方法、构造器、字段,如果有这些注解就进行注入。
看下怎么判断是否需要注入的
@Nullableprivate MergedAnnotation<?> findAutowiredAnnotation(AccessibleObject ao) {MergedAnnotations annotations = MergedAnnotations.from(ao);for (Class<? extends Annotation> type : this.autowiredAnnotationTypes) {MergedAnnotation<?> annotation = annotations.get(type);if (annotation.isPresent()) {return annotation;}}return null;}
AccessibleObject 是Method、Field、Constructor 父类。
postProcessProperties 如何实现bean注入的
public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) { //获取需要注入字段,方法InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);try {metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs); //注入}catch (BeanCreationException ex) {throw ex;}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);}return pvs;} //下面就行获取InjectionMetadata private InjectionMetadata findAutowiringMetadata(String beanName, Class<?> clazz, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) {// Fall back to class name as cache key, for backwards compatibility with custom callers.String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName());// 快速从缓存中获取,如果没有加锁去解析,然后在结果放入缓存中InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) { synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) { //双重检查metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {if (metadata != null) {metadata.clear(pvs);}metadata = buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz); this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata); }}}return metadata;}
InjectionMetadata 主要是集合bean需要被注入类型,因为已经解析过bean Class信息了,相当于解析结果装起来
看下如何去扫描方法、字段的
private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(final Class<?> clazz) { //从给定注解中判断class 是否携带这个注解if (!AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(clazz, this.autowiredAnnotationTypes)) { return InjectionMetadata.EMPTY;}List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new ArrayList<>();Class<?> targetClass = clazz;do {final List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements = new ArrayList<>(); //遍历所有Field,找出扫描的注解,特意标注不支持static 修饰field ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, field -> {MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);if (ann != null) {if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);}return;} // 获取注解内 required 值boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));}});ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> { //获取方法上桥接方法,因为泛型类型擦除,要对桥接方法进行安全检查,防止在调用是出现异常Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {return;} //获取注解MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod); //方法安全检查if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) { //不支持静态方法注入if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);}return;}if (method.getParameterCount() == 0) {if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {logger.info("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: " +method);}}boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));}}); // 这样写是为了后面加入排在队列前面,父类属性优先于子类elements.addAll(0, currElements);targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();}while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class); //这里写得很好,向上解析父类,直到是Object 为止return InjectionMetadata.forElements(elements, clazz);}
逻辑非常简单,就是根据给定注解去class获取指定的注解,从而获取到需要注入类型,但是几行简单的代码可以看出强大编码能力,学习了????。 现在需要注入对象已经获取到,看如何注入吧
public void inject(Object target, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {Collection<InjectedElement> checkedElements = this.checkedElements;Collection<InjectedElement> elementsToIterate =(checkedElements != null ? checkedElements : this.injectedElements);if (!elementsToIterate.isEmpty()) {for (InjectedElement element : elementsToIterate) {element.inject(target, beanName, pvs);}}}@Overrideprotected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {Field field = (Field) this.member;Object value;if (this.cached) {try {value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);}catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {// Unexpected removal of target bean for cached argument -> re-resolvevalue = resolveFieldValue(field, bean, beanName);}}else {value = resolveFieldValue(field, bean, beanName);}if (value != null) {ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);field.set(bean, value);}}private Object resolveFieldValue(Field field, Object bean, @Nullable String beanName) {DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter(); //类型转换器Object value;try {value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);}catch (BeansException ex) {throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);}synchronized (this) {if (!this.cached) {Object cachedFieldValue = null;if (value != null || this.required) {cachedFieldValue = desc; // 将注入关系添加到容器中,方便bean销毁时同步销毁registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) { //这些都是为了缓存起来cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(desc, autowiredBeanName, field.getType());}}}this.cachedFieldValue = cachedFieldValue;this.cached = true;}}return value;}}
主要核心是如从缓存获取到需要注入类型实例在beanFactory.resolveDependency
中 进入DefaultListableBeanFactory看下
public Object resolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String requestingBeanName,@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {descriptor.initParameterNameDiscovery(getParameterNameDiscoverer());if (Optional.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {return createOptionalDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName);}else if (ObjectFactory.class == descriptor.getDependencyType() ||ObjectProvider.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {return new DependencyObjectProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);}else if (javaxInjectProviderClass == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {return new Jsr330Factory().createDependencyProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);}else { //懒加载 扫描@Lazy注解,返回一个代理对象Object result = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getLazyResolutionProxyIfNecessary(descriptor, requestingBeanName);if (result == null) {result = doResolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);}return result;}}
@Lazy 使用注解修饰bean 或者Class,在容器初始化化时不会立刻创建,只要需要使用bean才会创建的。 根据类型Optional、ObjectFactory、Provider,还有懒加载情景不同的处理,这些处理本质都是要调用doResolveDependency方法初始化对象,无论那种对象都要 获取原始对象然后再交给这些接口去包装增强。
public Object doResolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String beanName,@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException { //如果这个注入是通过构造器注入,可以从构造器解析缓存中去获取注入信息点 InjectionPoint previousInjectionPoint = ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(descriptor);try {Object shortcut = descriptor.resolveShortcut(this);if (shortcut != null) {return shortcut;}Class<?> type = descriptor.getDependencyType(); //尝试从注解中获取默认值 @Value 的value Object value = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getSuggestedValue(descriptor);if (value != null) {if (value instanceof String) {String strVal = resolveEmbeddedValue((String) value);BeanDefinition bd = (beanName != null && containsBean(beanName) ?getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName) : null);value = evaluateBeanDefinitionString(strVal, bd);}TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());try {return converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getTypeDescriptor());}catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {// A custom TypeConverter which does not support TypeDescriptor resolution...return (descriptor.getField() != null ?converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getField()) :converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getMethodParameter()));}} //多种混合类型处理,stream、collection、Map Array 这些Object multipleBeans = resolveMultipleBeans(descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);if (multipleBeans != null) {return multipleBeans;} //根据类型获取容器中bean名,返回map key就是bean名,value 初始从容器中获取对象,如果没有找到就会抛出异常了Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {if (isRequired(descriptor)) {raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);}return null;}String autowiredBeanName;Object instanceCandidate;if (matchingBeans.size() > 1) { //出现一个类型,不同实例,可以根据@Primary, @Priority、属性名方式去配置autowiredBeanName = determineAutowireCandidate(matchingBeans, descriptor);if (autowiredBeanName == null) {if (isRequired(descriptor) || !indicatesMultipleBeans(type)) { //没有确定,抛出异常return descriptor.resolveNotUnique(descriptor.getResolvableType(), matchingBeans);}else {return null;}}instanceCandidate = matchingBeans.get(autowiredBeanName);}else {// We have exactly one match.Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = matchingBeans.entrySet().iterator().next();autowiredBeanName = entry.getKey();instanceCandidate = entry.getValue();}if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {autowiredBeanNames.add(autowiredBeanName);}if (instanceCandidate instanceof Class) { //这里其实就是从容器中获取实例,如果这时候没有初始化,就走上面初始化流程instanceCandidate = descriptor.resolveCandidate(autowiredBeanName, type, this);}Object result = instanceCandidate;if (result instanceof NullBean) {if (isRequired(descriptor)) {raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);}result = null;}if (!ClassUtils.isAssignableValue(type, result)) {throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(autowiredBeanName, type, instanceCandidate.getClass());}return result;}finally {ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(previousInjectionPoint);}}
这个方法简单做个总结,先是处理 @Value 情况,然后通过findAutowireCandidates 通过类型去容器中获取实例,如何实例还没有初始化,就会调用上面那个初始化过程,将初始化对象返回。根据注入类型进行相应处理,像stream、Collection,这些混合类型都是直接添加进去。如果出现了一个类型多个bean情况,这时就是就是@Primary、@Priority这些注解来判断或者根据属性名去和beanName匹配,最后将bean对象返回。 这里就简单看完一个bean初始化流程了。
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