创建普通用户
MySQL支持使用CREATE USER语句创建用户,使用GRANT语句创建用户,也可以通过操作mysql数据库下的user数据表来创建用户。
使用CREATE USER语句创建用户
执行CREATE USER语句时,MySQL会在user数据表中插入一条新创建的用户数据记录,语法格式如下:
CREATE USER [IF NOT EXISTS] user [auth_option] [, user [auth_option]] ... DEFAULT ROLE role [, role ] ... [REQUIRE {NONE | tls_option [[AND] tls_option] ...}] [WITH resource_option [resource_option] ...] [password_option | lock_option] ...user: (see Section 6.2.4, “Specifying Account Names”)auth_option: { IDENTIFIED BY 'auth_string' | IDENTIFIED BY RANDOM PASSWORD | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin BY 'auth_string' | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin BY RANDOM PASSWORD | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin AS 'auth_string'}tls_option: { SSL | X509 | CIPHER 'cipher' | ISSUER 'issuer' | SUBJECT 'subject'}resource_option: { MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count | MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count}password_option: { PASSWORD EXPIRE [DEFAULT | NEVER | INTERVAL N DAY] | PASSWORD HISTORY {DEFAULT | N} | PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL {DEFAULT | N DAY} | PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT [DEFAULT | OPTIONAL] | FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS N | PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME {N | UNBOUNDED}}lock_option: { ACCOUNT LOCK | ACCOUNT UNLOCK}
其中,部分参数说明如下:
·user:新建的用户名称。
·IDENTIFIED BY:设置用户的密码。
·IDENTIFIED WITH:为用户指定一个验证插件。
·auth_plugin:验证插件的名称。
注意:在MySQL命令行中使用CREATE USER语句创建用户时,当前登录MySQL的用户必须拥有CREATE USER权限或者mysql数据库的INSERT(插入)权限。
(1)创建用户名为zhaoyanfei的MySQL用户,其主机名为localhost。
mysql> CREATE USER 'zhaoyanfei'@'localhost';Query OK, 0 rows affected
SQL语句执行成功,查看用户名为binghe的用户记录。
mysql> SELECT host,user,authentication_string FROM mysql.user WHERE user = 'zhaoyanfei';+-----------+------------+-----------------------+| host | user | authentication_string |+-----------+------------+-----------------------+| localhost | zhaoyanfei | |+-----------+------------+-----------------------+1 row in set
结果显示,成功创建了用户名为zhaoyanfei、主机为localhost的用户,此用户只能在MySQL服务所在的本地服务器连接MySQL服务。
使用新创建的zhaoyanfei用户连接MySQL服务时可以不用输入密码即可连接。
查看当前用户具有的数据库权限。
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema |+--------------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)
结果显示,当前用户只能访问information_schema数据库。
(2)MySQL在创建用户时,支持此用户在某个IP段内连接MySQL服务。例如,创建用户名为zhaoyanfei的用户,在192.168.31的IP段内可连接MySQL服务。
mysql> CREATE USER 'zhaoyanfei'@'192.168.31.%';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
SQL语句执行成功,查看用户名为zhaoyanfei的数据记录。
mysql> SELECT -> host, user, authentication_string -> FROM mysql.user -> WHERE user = 'zhaoyanfei';+---------------+--------+-----------------------+| host | user | authentication_string |+---------------+--------+-----------------------+| 192.168.31.% | zhaoyanfei | || localhost | zhoayanfei | |+---------------+--------+-----------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
结果显示,此时mysql数据库下的user数据表中存在两条用户名为zhaoyanfei的数据记录,其中,主机名分别为192.168.31.%和localhost。主机名为192.168.31.%表明可以在192.168.31的IP段内连接MySQL服务。
注意:连接MySQL的方式和具有的数据库权限与在MySQL服务所在的本地服务器上连接MySQL的方式和具有的数据库权限相同,此处不再赘述。
(3)如果在创建MySQL用户时只指定了用户名部分,则主机名部分默认为%,表示所有的主机都可以使用当前用户名连接MySQL服务。
mysql> CREATE USER 'zhaoyanfei';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
SQL语句执行成功,查看创建的用户信息。
mysql> SELECT -> host, user, authentication_string -> FROM mysql.user -> WHERE user = 'zhaoyanfei';+---------------+--------+-----------------------+| host | user | authentication_string |+---------------+--------+-----------------------+| % | zhaoyanfei | || 192.168.31.% | zhaoyanfei | || localhost | zhaoyanfei | |+---------------+--------+-----------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
结果显示,创建的用户名为zhaoyanfei的数据记录中多了一条主机名为%的数据记录。
(4)创建MySQL用户时,可以指定用户的连接密码。
mysql> CREATE USER 'zhaoyanfei'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '@zhaoyanfei123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
SQL语句执行成功,查看创建的用户信息。
mysql> SELECT -> host, user, authentication_string -> FROM mysql.user -> WHERE user = 'zhaoyanfei'; +---------------+--------+-------------------------------------------+| host | user | authentication_string |+---------------+--------+-------------------------------------------+| % | zhaoyanfei | || 192.168.31.% | zhaoyanfei | || localhost | zhaoyanfei | *027B07B8E65F17AD1283D290B33909F1B8D0E5BB |+---------------+--------+-------------------------------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
结果显示,主机名为localhost的用户存在密码。在连接MySQL服务时,MySQL内部使用内建的身份验证机制,需要输入密码@zhaoyanfei123456才能正确连接。
[root@binghe150 ~]# mysql -ubinghe -hlocalhost -pEnter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 19Server version: 8.0.18 binghe editionCopyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>
(5)如果知道密码的密文,MySQL支持使用密文为用户设置密码。首先,在MySQL命令行中获取密码的密文。在8.0 版本中执行此语句,会报错。
1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '('@zhaoyanfei123456')' at line 1
mysql> SELECT password('@zhaoyanfei123456');+-------------------------------------------+| password('@zhaoyanfei123456') |+-------------------------------------------+| *027B07B8E65F17AD1283D290B33909F1B8D0E5BB |+-------------------------------------------+1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
接下来,创建MySQL用户。其中,主机名为192.168.31.223,用户名为zhaoyanfei。
mysql> CREATE USER 'zhaoyanfei'@'192.168.31.223' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*027B07B8E65F17AD1283D290B33909F1B8D0E5BB';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
SQL语句执行成功,需要输入密码@zhaoyanfei123456才能正确连接MySQL服务。
(6)MySQL支持在创建用户时为用户设置插件认证方式,此时需要使用IDENTIFIED WITH语句。
mysql> CREATE USER 'zhaoyanfei'@'localhost' -> IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '@zhaoyanfei123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
SQL语句执行成功,此时连接MySQL服务,需要输入密码@zhaoyanfei123456才能正确连接。
使用GRANT语句创建用户
使用CREATE USER语句创建用户时,只是在mysql数据库下的user数据表中添加了一条记录,并没有为用户授权。使用GRANT语句创建用户,不仅可以添加用户,而且还能为用户赋予相应的权限。语法格式如下:
GRANT priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ... ON [object_type] priv_level TO user [auth_option] [, user [auth_option]] ... [REQUIRE {NONE | tls_option [[AND] tls_option] ...}] [WITH {GRANT OPTION | resource_option} ...]GRANT PROXY ON user TO user [, user] ... [WITH GRANT OPTION]object_type: { TABLE | FUNCTION | PROCEDURE}priv_level: { * | *.* | db_name.* | db_name.tbl_name | tbl_name | db_name.routine_name}user: (see Section 6.2.4, “Specifying Account Names”)auth_option: { IDENTIFIED BY 'auth_string' | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin BY 'auth_string' | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin AS 'auth_string' | IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'auth_string'}tls_option: { SSL | X509 | CIPHER 'cipher' | ISSUER 'issuer' | SUBJECT 'subject'}resource_option: { | MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count | MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count}
其中,部分参数说明如下:
·priv_type:表示为用户赋予的权限类型。
·db_name:表示为用户赋予权限所在的数据库。
·tbl_name:表示为用户赋予权限所在的数据表。
·IDENTIFIED BY:表示为用户设置密码。
·WITH {GRANT OPTION | resource_option}:为用户设置GRANT权限或者资源选项。
·MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count:每小时执行count次查询。
·MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count:每小时执行count次更新。
·MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count:每小时执行count次连接。
·MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count:每个用户可同时建立count个连接。
(1)创建用户名为binghe的用户,密码为@binghe123456,并为用户赋予所有数据表的查询权限。
mysql> GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'zhaoyanfei'@'localhost' -> IDENTIFIED BY '@zhaoyanfei123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.12 sec)
SQL语句执行成功,此时,用户名为zhaoyanfei的用户具有对所有数据表的查询权限。
(2)创建用户名为zhaoyanfei_database的用户,密码为@zhaoyanfei123456,并为用户赋予goods数据库的查询和修改权限。
mysql> GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON goods.* TO 'zhaoyanfei_database'@'localhost' -> IDENTIFIED BY '@zhaoyanfei123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.10 sec)
结果显示,SQL语句执行成功,此时用户名为zhaoyanfei_database的用户具有对goods数据库的查询和修改权限。
(3)创建用户名为zhaoyanfei_table的用户,密码为@zhaoyanfei123456,并为用户赋予对goods数据库下t_goods数据表的插入、删除、修改和查询权限。
mysql> GRANT INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, SELECT -> ON goods.t_goods TO 'zhaoyanfei_table'@'localhost' -> IDENTIFIED BY '@zhaoyanfei123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
结果显示,SQL语句执行成功。此时,用户名为zhaoyanfei_table的用户具有对goods数据库下的t_goods数据表增、删、改、查的权限。
(4)创建用户名为zhaoyanfei的用户,并指定IP段为192.168.31的主机能够连接MySQL服务。
mysql> GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'zhaoyanfei'@'192.168.31.%' -> IDENTIFIED BY '@zhaoyanfei123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(5)创建用户名为zhaoyanfei的用户,并指定所有主机能够连接MySQL服务。
mysql> GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'zhaoyanfei'@'%' -> IDENTIFIED BY '@zhaoyanfei123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
操作user数据表创建用户
MySQL将用户信息保存在mysql数据库下的user数据表中,因此可以直接操作user数据表来为MySQL创建新用户。
例如,向mysql数据库下的user数据表中插入一条用户信息,主机名为localhost,用户名为zhaoyanfei_insert,密码为@zhaoyanfei123456。
mysql> INSERT INTO mysql.user -> (Host, User, authentication_string, ssl_cipher, x509_issuer, x509_subject) -> VALUES -> ('localhost', 'zhaoyanfei_insert', password('@zhaoyanfei123456'), '', '', '');Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
结果显示,SQL语句执行成功。接下来,查看用户名为zhaoyanfei_insert的用户。
mysql> SELECT host, user, authentication_string FROM mysql.user WHERE user = 'zhaoyanfei_insert';+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+| host | user | authentication_string |+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+| localhost | zhaoyanfei_insert | *0DEB06AA6E096EB2F26EACEE157143ADB9481B5B |+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
结果显示,成功向user数据表中插入了数据。使用zhaoyanfei_insert用户登录MySQL。
[root@binghe151 ~]# mysql -uzhaoyanfei_insert -hlocalhostEnter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 34Server version: 5.7.24 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>
结果显示,使用zhaoyanfei_insert用户成功登录了MySQL。
来源地址:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36754290/article/details/129425147