准备工作
申请一个免费的MongoDB
到https://www.mlab.com
注册申请一个500M的MongoDB数据库。登录后手动在创建Databases下的Collections中手动创建一个数据库node_app。
在个人首页点击Connect获取node.js连接MongoDB数据库的字符串为
mongodb+srv://<username>:<password>@cluster0.ylpaf.mongodb.net/node_app
将其中<username>:<password>修改为自己设定的数据库用户名和密码。
下载安装Postman
到https://www.postman.com/
注册一个账号,下载安装Postman agent,即可方便地进行GET/POST/PUT等测试。
mongodb连接串配置
安装mongoose用于连接数据库:
> npm install mongoose
>
> cd C:\Users\xiaoming\source\repos\node_demo\node_app
> mkdir config
> cd config
> new-item keys.js -type file
编辑keys.js配置连接串:
module.exports = {
mongoURI: "mongodb+srv://<username>:<password>@cluster0.ylpaf.mongodb.net/node_app"
}
编辑server.js入口文件:
const express = require("express");
const mongoose = require("mongoose");
const app = express();
const db = require("./config/keys").mongoURI;
mongoose.connect(db)
.then(() => console.log("MongoDB connected."))
.catch(err => console.log(err));
app.get("/", (req, res) => {
res.send("Hello World!");
})
const port = process.env.PORT || 5000;
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`Server running on port ${port}`);
})
检查是否能连接到数据库:
> nodemon server.js
[nodemon] 2.0.16
[nodemon] to restart at any time, enter `rs`
[nodemon] watching path(s): *.*
[nodemon] watching extensions: js,mjs,json
[nodemon] starting `node server.js`
Server running on port 5000
MongoDB connected.
数据库连接正常。
GET请求测试
创建路由文件
C:\Users\xiaoming\source\repos\node_demo\node_app\routes\api\users.js
编辑users.js并添加GET请求:
// login & registtration
const express = require("express");
const router = express.Router();
router.get("/test", (req,res) => {
res.json({msg:"Login succeeded!"})
})
module.exports = router;
编辑server.js,导入并使用users.js:
const express = require("express");
const mongoose = require("mongoose");
const app = express();
const users = require("./routes/api/users");
const db = require("./config/keys").mongoURI;
mongoose.connect(db)
.then(() => console.log("MongoDB connected."))
.catch(err => console.log(err));
// 设置app路由
app.get("/", (req, res) => {
res.send("Hello World!");
})
// 使用users
app.use("/api/users", users);
const port = process.env.PORT || 5000;
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`Server running on port ${port}`);
})
访问
http://localhost:5000/api/users/test
可以看到
{"msg":"Login succeeded!"}
注册接口搭建
创建User数据模型
创建用户数据模型文件
C:\Users\xiaoming\source\repos\node_demo\node_app\models\User.js
编辑User.js创建用户数据模型:
const mongoose = require("mongoose");
const Schema = mongoose.Schema;
// create Schema
const UserSchema = new Schema({
name:{
type: String,
required: true
},
email: {
type: String,
required: true
},
password: {
type: String,
required: true
},
avatar: {
type: String
},
date: {
type: Date,
default: Date.now
},
})
module.exports = User = mongoose.model("users", UserSchema);
使用body-parser中间件
安装body-parser中间件,可以方便地处理HTTP请求。
> npm install body-parser
编辑server.js使用body-parser:
const express = require("express");
const mongoose = require("mongoose");
const bodyParser = require("body-parser");
const app = express();
const users = require("./routes/api/users");
const db = require("./config/keys").mongoURI;
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(bodyParser.json());
mongoose.connect(db)
.then(() => console.log("MongoDB connected."))
.catch(err => console.log(err));
app.get("/", (req, res) => {
res.send("Hello World!");
})
app.use("/api/users", users);
const port = process.env.PORT || 5000;
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`Server running on port ${port}`);
})
POST请求测试
编辑users.js增加POST请求:
// @login & registtration
const express = require("express");
const router = express.Router();
router.get("/test", (req,res) => {
res.json({msg:"Login succeeded!"})
})
router.post("/register", (req, res) => {
console.log(req.body);
})
module.exports = router;
POST中暂时只有一个打印请求体的操作。
在Postman中的Workspace中测试:
POST http://localhost:5000/api/users/register
Body选择x-www-form-urlencoded,在KEY和VALUE中填入测试内容:
KEY VALUE
email harlie@google.com
查看终端输出:
Server running on port 5000
MongoDB connected.
[Object: null prototype] { email: 'harlie@google.com' }
说明成功获取到了req.body。
使用User数据模型
首先安装bcrypt包。bcrypt可以用来加密注册用户的密码,避免在数据库中存储明文密码。在https://www.npmjs.com/上可以查看bcrypt包的用法介绍。
> npm install bcrypt
编辑users.js引入并使用User数据模型:
// @login & registtration
const express = require("express");
const router = express.Router();
const bcrypt = require("bcrypt");
const User = require("../../models/User.js");
router.get("/test", (req,res) => {
res.json({msg:"Login succeeded!"})
})
router.post("/register", (req, res) => {
//console.log(req.body);
// check if email already exists
User.findOne({ email: req.body.email })
.then((user) => {
if (user) {
return res.status(400).json({ email: "邮箱已被注册!" })
} else {
const newUser = new User({
name: req.body.name,
email: req.body.email,
password: req.body.password
})
// encrypt newUser password
bcrypt.genSalt(10, function (err, salt) {
bcrypt.hash(newUser.password, salt, (err, hash) => {
if (err) throw err;
newUser.password = hash;
newUser.save()
.then(user => res.json(user))
.catch(err => console.log(err));
});
});
}
})
})
module.exports = router;
在Postman中的Workspace中测试POST http://localhost:5000/api/users/register。Body选择x-www-form-urlencoded,在KEY和VALUE中填入测试内容:
email godfrey@eldenring.com
name godfrey
password 123456
查看测试输出
{
"name": "godfrey",
"email": "godfrey@eldenring.com",
"password": "$2b$10$hoGzFeIdZyCwEotsYhxEheoGNOCE4QnYYh/WkKoGkuPT0xZI9H10C",
"_id": "62a4482c00990937d819ea6d",
"date": "2022-06-11T07:45:48.437Z",
"__v": 0
}
打开mongodb,在DATABASES下的node_app中查看,会发现多出了一个users的Collection,其中刚好存储了上面我们刚通过POST请求插入的一条数据。
使用gravatar处理头像
在https://www.npmjs.com/package/gravatar中查看gravatar的使用方法。
安装gravatar
> npm i gravatar
编辑users.js增加注册头像(avatar)处理:
// @login & registtration
const express = require("express");
const router = express.Router();
const bcrypt = require("bcrypt");
const gravatar = require("gravatar");
const User = require("../../models/User.js");
router.get("/test", (req,res) => {
res.json({msg:"Login succeeded!"})
})
router.post("/register", (req, res) => {
//console.log(req.body);
// check if email already exists
User.findOne({ email: req.body.email })
.then((user) => {
if (user) {
return res.status(400).json({ email: "Email already registered!" })
} else {
const avatar = gravatar.url(req.body.email, { s: '200', r: 'pg', d: 'mm' });
const newUser = new User({
name: req.body.name,
email: req.body.email,
avatar,
password: req.body.password
})
// encrypt newUser password
bcrypt.genSalt(10, function (err, salt) {
bcrypt.hash(newUser.password, salt, (err, hash) => {
if (err) throw err;
newUser.password = hash;
newUser.save()
.then(user => res.json(user))
.catch(err => console.log(err));
});
});
}
})
})
module.exports = router;
在Postman中的Workspace中测试POST http://localhost:5000/api/users/register,Body选择x-www-form-urlencoded。
在KEY和VALUE中填入测试内容:
email godfrey@eldenring.com
name godfrey
password 123456
测试会返回报错
{
"email": "Email already registered!"
}
在KEY和VALUE中填入测试内容:
email mohg@eldenring.com
name mohg
password 123456
测试返回
{
"name": "mohg",
"email": "mohg@eldenring.com",
"password": "$2b$10$uSV2tmA5jH6veLTz1Lt5g.iD5QKtbJFXwGsJilDMxIqw7dZefpDz.",
"avatar": "//www.gravatar.com/avatar/c5515cb5392d5e8a91b6e34a11120ff1?s=200&r=pg&d=mm",
"_id": "62a44f12d2c5293f0b8e9c2b",
"date": "2022-06-11T08:15:14.410Z",
"__v": 0
}
在浏览器中打开
www.gravatar.com/avatar/c5515cb5392d5e8a91b6e34a11120ff1?s=200&r=pg&d=mm
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