近期需要完成一个Android项目,那先从与数据库交互最简单的登陆注册开始吧,现记录过程如下:
此篇文章的小demo主要涉及数据库的连接,以及相应信息的查找与插入。
我已将源码上传至GitHub:
https://github.com/changyan-maker/LoginApp
首先展示一下完成效果。
数据库设计:
数据库内容:
登录结果展示:
此处默认您已经安装好Android studio 与MySQL软件。
首先需要创建一个空项目,关于空的项目如何创建,请参考我本篇文章:
https://blog.csdn.net/changyana/article/details/122948513
接下来需要连接MySQL,首先需要开启网络权限。需要添加一句话,具体位置如图:(将项目切换成Android模式比较好找)
之后是导入Mysql-connection的jar包
关于这个jar包需要我们去官网下载:https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/c-j/
关于版本的选择个人建议选择老一点的,比较稳定。选择ZIP格式进行下载。
下载完成后在里边找到mysql-connector-java-5.1.47-bin.jar并复制到粘贴板。
然后将Android studio的项目页面切换到Project模式,找到如下文件的位置进行粘贴。
粘贴完成后需要把刚才导入的jar包右击Add as Library
然后切换回Android视图,操作如下,新建一个package
然后粘贴代码如下:
本篇文章从图片可以看到我的项目名称为HelloWorld,这个项目只是我用来做测试的。但是代码是我完善后放在另一个项目为party中的,所有的位置都是一样的,只是项目名称不一样,这个不用担心。你只需要把我的代码里的包名改成你项目的名称就好了。
注意数据库的连接:要连接的数据库,还有用户名和密码都要和自己的Mysql对应。
package com.example.party.utils;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.DriverManager;public class JDBCUtils { private static final String TAG = "mysql-party-JDBCUtils"; private static String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";// MySql驱动 private static String dbName = "party";// 数据库名称 private static String user = "root";// 用户名 private static String password = "";// 密码 public static Connection getConn(){ Connection connection = null; try{ Class.forName(driver);// 动态加载类 String ip = "10.0.2.2";// 写成本机地址,不能写成localhost,同时手机和电脑连接的网络必须是同一个 // 尝试建立到给定数据库URL的连接 connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://" + ip + ":3306/" + dbName, user, password); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } return connection; }}
接着创建entity和User
位置如图,创建方法与上述创建JDBCUtils一样
代码如下:
package com.example.party.entity;public class User { private int id; private String userAccount; private String userPassword; private String userName; private int userType; private int userState; private int userDel; public User() { } public User(int id, String userAccount, String userPassword, String userName, int userType, int userState, int userDel) { this.id = id; this.userAccount = userAccount; this.userPassword = userPassword; this.userName = userName; this.userType = userType; this.userState = userState; this.userDel = userDel; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getUserAccount() { return userAccount; } public void setUserAccount(String userAccount) { this.userAccount = userAccount; } public String getUserPassword() { return userPassword; } public void setUserPassword(String userPassword) { this.userPassword = userPassword; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public int getUserType() { return userType; } public void setUserType(int userType) { this.userType = userType; } public int getUserState() { return userState; } public void setUserState(int userState) { this.userState = userState; } public int getUserDel() { return userDel; } public void setUserDel(int userDel) { this.userDel = userDel; }}
之后创建dao和UserDao
package com.example.party.dao;import com.example.party.entity.User;import com.example.party.utils.JDBCUtils;import android.util.Log;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.PreparedStatement;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.util.HashMap;public class UserDao { private static final String TAG = "mysql-party-UserDao"; public int login(String userAccount, String userPassword){ HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); // 根据数据库名称,建立连接 Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConn(); int msg = 0; try { // mysql简单的查询语句。这里是根据user表的userAccount字段来查询某条记录 String sql = "select * from user where userAccount = ?"; if (connection != null){// connection不为null表示与数据库建立了连接 PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql); if (ps != null){ Log.e(TAG,"账号:" + userAccount); //根据账号进行查询 ps.setString(1, userAccount); // 执行sql查询语句并返回结果集 ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery(); int count = rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount(); //将查到的内容储存在map里 while (rs.next()){// 注意:下标是从1开始的for (int i = 1;i <= count;i++){ String field = rs.getMetaData().getColumnName(i); map.put(field, rs.getString(field));} } connection.close(); ps.close(); if (map.size()!=0){ StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(); //寻找密码是否匹配 for (String key : map.keySet()){if(key.equals("userPassword")){ if(userPassword.equals(map.get(key))){ msg = 1; //密码正确 } else msg = 2; //密码错误 break;} } }else { Log.e(TAG, "查询结果为空"); msg = 3; } }else { msg = 0; } }else { msg = 0; } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); Log.d(TAG, "异常login:" + e.getMessage()); msg = 0; } return msg; } public boolean register(User user){ HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); // 根据数据库名称,建立连接 Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConn(); try { String sql = "insert into user(userAccount,userPassword,userName,userType,userState,userDel) values (?,?,?,?,?,?)"; if (connection != null){// connection不为null表示与数据库建立了连接 PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql); if (ps != null){ //将数据插入数据库 ps.setString(1,user.getUserAccount()); ps.setString(2,user.getUserPassword()); ps.setString(3,user.getUserName()); ps.setInt(4,user.getUserType()); ps.setInt(5, user.getUserState()); ps.setInt(6,user.getUserDel()); // 执行sql查询语句并返回结果集 int rs = ps.executeUpdate(); if(rs>0) return true; else return false; }else { return false; } }else { return false; } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); Log.e(TAG, "异常register:" + e.getMessage()); return false; } } public User findUser(String userAccount) { // 根据数据库名称,建立连接 Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConn(); User user = null; try { String sql = "select * from user where userAccount = ?"; if (connection != null){// connection不为null表示与数据库建立了连接 PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql); if (ps != null) { ps.setString(1, userAccount); ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery(); while (rs.next()) { //注意:下标是从1开始 int id = rs.getInt(1); String userAccount1 = rs.getString(2); String userPassword = rs.getString(3); String userName = rs.getString(4); int userType = rs.getInt(5); int userState = rs.getInt(6); int userDel = rs.getInt(7); user = new User(id, userAccount1, userPassword, userName, userType, userState, userDel); } } } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); Log.d(TAG, "异常findUser:" + e.getMessage()); return null; } return user; }}
编写登录页面
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="219dp" tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="207dp" android:padding="50dp" > <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:id="@+id/textView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:textSize="15sp" android:text="账号:" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/uesrAccount" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:ems="10" android:inputType="phone" android:text="" /> LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:id="@+id/textView2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:textSize="15sp" android:text="密码:" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/userPassword" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:ems="10" android:inputType="textPersonName" /> LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> LinearLayout> <Button android:layout_marginTop="50dp" android:id="@+id/button2" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="登录" android:onClick="login" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button3" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:onClick="reg" android:text="注册" /> LinearLayout>androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
效果如图:
完善MainActivity
package com.example.party;import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.annotation.SuppressLint;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.Toast;import com.example.party.dao.UserDao;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private static final String TAG = "mysql-party-MainActivity"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } public void reg(View view){ startActivity(new Intent(getApplicationContext(),register.class)); } public void login(View view){ EditText EditTextAccount = findViewById(R.id.uesrAccount); EditText EditTextPassword = findViewById(R.id.userPassword); new Thread(){ @Override public void run() { UserDao userDao = new UserDao(); int msg = userDao.login(EditTextAccount.getText().toString(),EditTextPassword.getText().toString()); hand1.sendEmptyMessage(msg); } }.start(); } @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak") final Handler hand1 = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 0){ Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "登录失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } else if (msg.what == 1) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "登录成功", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } else if (msg.what == 2){ Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "密码错误", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } else if (msg.what == 3){ Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "账号不存在", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } };}
编写注册页面
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".register"> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="219dp" tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="207dp" android:padding="50dp" > <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:id="@+id/textView" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:textSize="15sp" android:text="账号:" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/userAccount" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:ems="10" android:inputType="phone" /> LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:textSize="15sp" android:text="昵称:" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/userName" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:ems="10" android:inputType="textPersonName" /> LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:id="@+id/textView2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:textSize="15sp" android:text="密码:" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/userPassword" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:ems="10" android:inputType="textPassword" /> LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> LinearLayout> <Button android:layout_marginTop="50dp" android:id="@+id/button2" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="注册" android:onClick="register" /> LinearLayout>androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
页面如图
完善register
上一步创建activity_register.xml的时候会自动生成一个Class,位置如图,如果没有的话自己右键创建一个Class就可以。
package com.example.party;import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.annotation.SuppressLint;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.Toast;import com.example.party.dao.UserDao;import com.example.party.entity.User;public class register extends AppCompatActivity { private static final String TAG = "mysql-party-register"; EditText userAccount = null; EditText userPassword = null; EditText userName = null; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_register); userAccount = findViewById(R.id.userAccount); userPassword = findViewById(R.id.userPassword); userName = findViewById(R.id.userName); } public void register(View view){ String userAccount1 = userAccount.getText().toString(); String userPassword1 = userPassword.getText().toString(); String userName1 = userName.getText().toString(); User user = new User(); user.setUserAccount(userAccount1); user.setUserPassword(userPassword1); user.setUserName(userName1); user.setUserType(1); user.setUserState(0); user.setUserDel(0); new Thread(){ @Override public void run() { int msg = 0; UserDao userDao = new UserDao(); User uu = userDao.findUser(user.getUserAccount()); if(uu != null){ msg = 1; } else{ boolean flag = userDao.register(user); if(flag){ msg = 2; } } hand.sendEmptyMessage(msg); } }.start(); } @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak") final Handler hand = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if(msg.what == 0) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"注册失败",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } else if(msg.what == 1) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"该账号已经存在,请换一个账号",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } else if(msg.what == 2) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "注册成功", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); Intent intent = new Intent(); //将想要传递的数据用putExtra封装在intent中 intent.putExtra("a","注册"); setResult(RESULT_CANCELED,intent); finish(); } } };}
下面汇总一下都需要改变的文件!
然后运行就可以啦!
心得建议
我的大部分时间感觉都是花费在了连接数据库上。刚开始数据库一直连接无法连接,原因是连接的请求要放在一个新的线程里,不能直接在当前线程请求连接数据库。之后解决了连接问题后得到数据进行匹配都是比较简单的事情。
个人建议:如果出问题可以先建一个临时的项目然后按照【连接数据库】–> 【请求数据并在控制台输出】 --> 【建立前端页面交互】这样的过程一步一步进行调试。
祝成功!
来源地址:https://blog.csdn.net/changyana/article/details/122950467