Java System#exit无法退出程序的问题及解决

Future<Object> future = 连接注册中心的Future;
try {
    Object o = future.get(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} catch (Exception e) {
	log.error("connect failed xxxx");
    System.exit(1); // 程序无法退出
}

-----------

Future<Object> future = 连接注册中心的Future;
try {
    Object o = future.get(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} catch (Exception e) {
	log.error("connect failed xxxx");
    new Thread(() -> System.exit(1)).start(); // 程序能按期望退出
}

// org.apache.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistry#ZookeeperRegistry

public ZookeeperRegistry(URL url, ZookeeperTransporter zookeeperTransporter) {
    super(url);
    System.exit(1); //JVM进程无法退出
    // ...(省略)
}

-----------
// org.apache.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistry#ZookeeperRegistry

public ZookeeperRegistry(URL url, ZookeeperTransporter zookeeperTransporter) {
    super(url);
    new Thread(() -> {System.exit(1);}).start(); //JVM进程正常退出
    // ...(省略)
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(() -> {
        while (true) {
            try {
                System.out.println("closing...");
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
    }));

    System.out.println("before exit...");
    System.exit(0); 
    System.out.println("after exit..."); //代码不会执行
}

// org.apache.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistry#ZookeeperRegistry
public ZookeeperRegistry(URL url, ZookeeperTransporter zookeeperTransporter) {
    super(url);
    System.exit(1); // 新增加的一行代码
    // ...(省略)
}

public static void destroyAll() {
    if (!destroyed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
        return;
    }

    if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
        LOGGER.info("Close all registries " + getRegistries());
    }
    // Lock up the registry shutdown process
    LOCK.lock(); // 83行，DubboShutdownHook线程阻塞在此处
    try {
        for (Registry registry : getRegistries()) {
            try {
                registry.destroy();
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                LOGGER.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
        REGISTRIES.clear();
    } finally {
        // Release the lock
        LOCK.unlock();
    }
}

org.apache.dubbo.registry.support.AbstractRegistryFactory#getRegistry(org.apache.dubbo.common.URL)

// org.apache.dubbo.registry.support.AbstractRegistryFactory

public Registry getRegistry(URL url) {
    // ...(省略)
    LOCK.lock(); // 获取锁
    try {
        // ...(省略)
        // 创建Registry，由于我们选用的注册中心是Zookeeper，因此通过SPI选择了ZookeeperRegistryFactory对ZookeeperRegistry进行创建，最终会调用到我们添加过一行System.exit的ZookeeperRegistry构造函数中
        
        registry = createRegistry(url); 
        
        // ...(省略)
    } finally {
        // Release the lock
        LOCK.unlock(); // 创建完registry，与注册中心连上之后，才会释放锁
    }
}

// org.apache.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.ZookeeperRegistryFactory

public Registry createRegistry(URL url) {
	// 调用修改过源码的ZookeeperRegistry构造函数
    return new ZookeeperRegistry(url, zookeeperTransporter);
}

// java.lang.System

public static void exit(int status) {
    Runtime.getRuntime().exit(status);
}

// java.lang.Runtime

@Deprecated
public static void runFinalizersOnExit(boolean value) {
    SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
    if (security != null) {
        try {
            security.checkExit(0);
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            throw new SecurityException("runFinalizersOnExit");
        }
    }
    Shutdown.setRunFinalizersOnExit(value);
}

// java.lang.Runtime

public void exit(int status) {
    SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
    if (security != null) {
        security.checkExit(status);
    }
    Shutdown.exit(status);
}

// java.lang.Shutdown

static void exit(int status) {
    // ...(省略)
    synchronized (Shutdown.class) {
        
        // 执行shutdown序列
        sequence();
        // 关闭JVM
        halt(status);
    }
}

// java.lang.Shutdown

private static void sequence() {
    // ...(省略)
    runHooks();
    // ...(省略)
}

// java.lang.Shutdown

private static void runHooks() {
    for (int i=0; i < MAX_SYSTEM_HOOKS; i++) {
        try {
            Runnable hook;
            synchronized (lock) {
                // 这个锁很重要，目的是通过Happens-Before保证内存的可见性
                currentRunningHook = i;
                hook = hooks[i];
            }
            if (hook != null) hook.run(); //执行勾子函数
        } catch(Throwable t) {
            if (t instanceof ThreadDeath) {
                ThreadDeath td = (ThreadDeath)t;
                throw td;
            }
        }
    }
}

// java.lang.ApplicationShutdownHooks

class ApplicationShutdownHooks {
    
    // 这个才是我们应用程序代码中注册的shutdown hook
    private static IdentityHashMap<Thread, Thread> hooks; 
    static {
        try {
            Shutdown.add(1 ,
                false ,
                new Runnable() {
                    public void run() {
                        runHooks();
                    }
                }
            );
            hooks = new IdentityHashMap<>();
        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
            // application shutdown hooks cannot be added if
            // shutdown is in progress.
            hooks = null;
        }
    }

Runnable hook;
synchronized (lock) {
    currentRunningHook = i;
    hook = hooks[i];
}

// java.lang.Shutdown

static void add(int slot, boolean registerShutdownInProgress, Runnable hook) {
    synchronized (lock) {
    		// ...(省略)
        hooks[slot] = hook;
    }
}

// java.lang.ApplicationShutdownHooks

Shutdown.add(1 ,
    false ,
    new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            runHooks();
        }
    }
);

// java.lang.ApplicationShutdownHooks

static void runHooks() {
    Collection<Thread> threads;
    synchronized(ApplicationShutdownHooks.class) {
        threads = hooks.keySet(); // hooks才是应用程序真正注册的shutdown hook
        hooks = null;
    }
		// 每一个shutdown hook都对应一个thread，由此可见是并发执行关闭勾子函数
    for (Thread hook : threads) {
        hook.start();
    }
    for (Thread hook : threads) {
        while (true) {
            try {
                hook.join(); // 死等到hook执行完毕
                break;
            } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
                // 即便被唤醒都不搭理，接着进行下一轮循环，继续死等
            }
        }
    }
}

synchronized (Shutdown.class) {
    sequence();
    halt(status);
}

try {
    // ...
    System.exit(0);
} finally {
    // 这里的代码永远执行不到
}

// java.lang.Runtime
public void addShutdownHook(Thread hook) {
    // ...(省略)
    ApplicationShutdownHooks.add(hook);
}

// java.lang.ApplicationShutdownHooks
static synchronized void add(Thread hook) {
    // ...(省略)
    hooks.put(hook, hook);
}

$pid = ps | grep xxx // 查找要关闭的应用
kill $pid // 发出关闭应用指令
sleep for a period of time // 等待一段时间，让应用程序执行shutdown hook进行现场的保留跟资源的清理工作

$pid = ps | grep xxx // 再次查找要关闭的应用，如果还存在，就需要强行关闭应用
if($pid){kill -9 $pid} // 等待一段时间之后，应用程序仍然没有正常停止，则需要强行关闭应用