一、安装Oracle 11G前环境搭建
本次实验是基于Linux（CentOS6.7_64）下搭建oracle 11g环境，这里选择CentOS安装oracle并不是最佳选择，可以根据需要选择不同的Linux发行版，如Oracle Linux、SuSE Linux、Red Hat、IBM AIX等。
VM或物理机的配置要求：
在实验环境安装oracle11g最少需要2G内存、2个cpu、2G交换分区、磁盘空间不低于20G。
生产环境中，要保证oracle的性能，建议最低配置为8G内存、4个cpu、8G交换分区，如果生产环境比较繁忙，则需要更高的配置。
二、安装Oracle 11G前准备工作
上传oracle11g安装包，解压
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
配置/etc/hosts文件，添加ip与主机名的解析
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
#eth0
10.11.12.88 hm创建oracle相关用户和组
[root@hm ~]# groupadd dba
[root@hm ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@hm ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle
[root@hm ~]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),500(dba)创建oracle软件安装目录
[root@hm ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle -p
[root@hm ~]# chown -R oracle. /u01/
[root@hm ~]# chmod 775 -R /u01/
[root@hm ~]# ls -ld /u01/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct 14 22:58 /u01/oracle用户环境变量设置，su进入oracle用户下，修改~/.bash_profile文件，添加以下内容
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/db
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64
if [ $USER = "oracle" ];then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi修改内核参数，打开/etc/sysctl.conf文件，添加以下参数，并修改/etc/security/limits.conf文件
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
[root@hm ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
在/etc/security/limits.conf文件末尾添加如下内容
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 4096
oracle hard nofile 65536
并同时修改/etc/pam.d/login文件，添加以下内容
session required pam_limits.so安装oracle依赖的软件包
[root@hm ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ libaio glibc compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel glibc-common ksh make sysstat pdksh [root@hm ~]# yum install glibc-2.12-1.192.el6.i686 检查是否安装 [root@hm ~]# for i in gcc gcc-c++ libaio glibc compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel glibc-common ksh make sysstat pdksh;do rpm -q $i;done |
三、安装oracle11g软件
解压oracle11g软件包
[root@hm oracle]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[root@hm oracle]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[root@hm oracle]# chown -R oracle. database/
[root@hm oracle]# ls -l database/
total 36
drwxr-xr-x. 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 17 2009 doc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 15 2009 install
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 15 2009 response
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 15 2009 rpm
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 3226 Aug 15 2009 runInstaller
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 15 2009 sshsetup
drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 15 2009 stage
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 5402 Aug 18 2009 welcome.html以orcle用户登录图形界面安装oracle，也可以使用vnc远程安装。这里直接用Xshell远程调用linux图形界面进行安装
[root@hm ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@hm ~]$ export DISPLAY=10.11.12.1:0.0
[oracle@hm ~]$ xhost +进入database目录，执行runInstalle
[oracle@hm ~]$ cd /usr/local/src/oracle/database/
[oracle@hm database]$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 21645 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 4095 MB Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2016-10-15_12-48-55PM. Please wait ...进入图形界面安装
[root@hm ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@hm ~]# /u01/app/oracle/db/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/db
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
启动监听
[oracle@hm ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-OCT-2016 23:30:07
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/db/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hm/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hm)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 15-OCT-2016 23:30:09
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 1 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hm/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hm)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully创建数据库实例，oracle用户下使用dbca工具创建
[oracle@hm ~]$ dbca
安装完成检查，查看oracle进程与监听状态
[oracle@hm ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_
oracle 6636 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle 6638 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:04 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle 6642 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle 6644 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle 6646 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle 6648 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle 6650 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:05 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle 6652 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle 6654 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle 6656 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle 6658 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle 6660 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle 6662 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle 6664 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:02 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle 6666 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:02 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle 6668 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle 6670 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle 6719 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle 6739 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:01 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle 6832 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle 6834 1 0 23:41 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
oracle 6842 1 0 23:42 ? 00:00:00 ora_smco_orcl
oracle 6844 1 0 23:42 ? 00:00:00 ora_w000_orcl
oracle 15858 2208 0 23:59 pts/0 00:00:00 grep ora_
[oracle@hm ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-OCT-2016 23:59:58
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 15-OCT-2016 23:30:09
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 29 min. 50 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hm/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hm)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully登录oracle数据库，查看数据库实例状态、实例名、数据库文件、日志文件
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL> select name from v$database;
NAME
---------
ORCL
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
SQL> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log查看oracle数据库版本
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production关闭与启动
关闭数据库实例
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.关闭监听
[oracle@hm ~]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-OCT-2016 00:16:41
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@hm ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_
oracle 16987 2208 0 00:17 pts/0 00:00:00 grep ora_启动监听
[oracle@hm ~]$ lsnrctl start启动实例
[oracle@hm ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Oct 16 00:19:39 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 780824576 bytes
Fixed Size 2217424 bytes
Variable Size 599788080 bytes
Database Buffers 171966464 bytes
Redo Buffers 6852608 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
