利用Java代码实现区块链技术

...
public class Block<T extends Tx> {
	public long timeStamp;
	private int index;
	private List<T> transactions = new ArrayList<T>();
	private String hash;
	private String previousHash;
	private String merkleRoot;
	private String nonce = "0000";
	
	// caches Transaction SHA256 hashes
    public Map<String,T> map = new HashMap<String,T>();
...

...
public void computeHash() {
     Gson parser = new Gson(); // probably should cache this instance
     String serializedData = parser.toJson(transactions);	  
     setHash(SHA256.generateHash(timeStamp + index + merkleRoot + serializedData + nonce + previousHash));
     }
...

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public class SimpleBlockchain<T extends Tx> {
	public static final int BLOCK_SIZE = 10;
	public List<Block<T>> chain = new ArrayList<Block<T>>();

	public SimpleBlockchain() {
		// create genesis block
		chain.add(newBlock());
	}

...

public Block<T> newBlock() {
		int count = chain.size();
		String previousHash = "root";

		if (count > 0)
			previousHash = blockChainHash();

		Block<T> block = new Block<T>();

		block.setTimeStamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
		block.setIndex(count);
		block.setPreviousHash(previousHash);
		return block;
	}

public void addAndValidateBlock(Block<T> block) {

		// compare previous block hash, add if valid
		Block<T> current = block;
		for (int i = chain.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
			Block<T> b = chain.get(i);
			if (b.getHash().equals(current.getPreviousHash())) {
				current = b;
			} else {

				throw new RuntimeException("Block Invalid");
			}

		}

		this.chain.add(block);
}

public boolean validate() {

		String previousHash = null;
		for (Block<T> block : chain) {
			String currentHash = block.getHash();
			if (!currentHash.equals(previousHash)) {
				return false;
			}

			previousHash = currentHash;

		}

		return true;

	}

public List<String> merkleTree() {		
		ArrayList<String> tree = new ArrayList<>();
		// Start by adding all the hashes of the transactions as leaves of the
		// tree.
		for (T t : transactions) {
			tree.add(t.hash());
		}
		int levelOffset = 0; // Offset in the list where the currently processed
								// level starts.
		// Step through each level, stopping when we reach the root (levelSize
		// == 1).
	for (int levelSize = transactions.size(); levelSize > 1; levelSize = (levelSize + 1) / 2) {
			// For each pair of nodes on that level:
			for (int left = 0; left < levelSize; left += 2) {
				// The right hand node can be the same as the left hand, in the
				// case where we don't have enough
				// transactions.
				int right = Math.min(left + 1, levelSize - 1);
				String tleft = tree.get(levelOffset + left);
				String tright = tree.get(levelOffset + right);
				tree.add(SHA256.generateHash(tleft + tright));
			}
			// Move to the next level.
			levelOffset += levelSize;
		}
		return tree;
	}

@Test
	public void merkleTreeTest() {

		// create chain, add transaction

		SimpleBlockchain<Transaction> chain1 = new SimpleBlockchain<Transaction>();

		chain1.add(new Transaction("A")).add(new Transaction("B")).add(new Transaction("C")).add(new Transaction("D"));

		// get a block in chain
		Block<Transaction> block = chain1.getHead();

		System.out.println("Merkle Hash tree :" + block.merkleTree());

		// get a transaction from block
		Transaction tx = block.getTransactions().get(0);

		// see if block transactions are valid, they should be
		block.transasctionsValid();
		assertTrue(block.transasctionsValid());

		// mutate the data of a transaction
		tx.setValue("Z");

		// block should no longer be valid, blocks MerkleRoot does not match computed merkle tree of transactions
		assertFalse(block.transasctionsValid());

	}

private String proofOfWork(Block block) {

		String nonceKey = block.getNonce();
		long nonce = 0;
		boolean nonceFound = false;
		String nonceHash = "";

		Gson parser = new Gson();
		String serializedData = parser.toJson(transactionPool);
		String message = block.getTimeStamp() + block.getIndex() + block.getMerkleRoot() + serializedData
				+ block.getPreviousHash();

		while (!nonceFound) {

			nonceHash = SHA256.generateHash(message + nonce);
			nonceFound = nonceHash.substring(0, nonceKey.length()).equals(nonceKey);
			nonce++;

		}

		return nonceHash;

	}