首先在进行 3D Plot 时除了导入 matplotlib ，还要额外添加一个模块，即 Axes 3D 3D 坐标轴显示：
之后要先定义一个图像窗口，在窗口上添加3D坐标轴，显示成下图：
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
接下来给进 X 和 Y 值，并将 X 和 Y 编织成栅格。每一个（X, Y）点对应的高度值我们用下面这个函数来计算
X = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2)
# height value
Z = np.sin(R)画出3d图：rstride 和 cstride 分别代表 row 和 column 的跨度。
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=plt.get_cmap('rainbow'))
Argument Description
============= ================================================
*X*, *Y*, *Z* Data values as 2D arrays
*rstride* Array row stride (step size), defaults to 10
*cstride* Array column stride (step size), defaults to 10
*color* Color of the surface patches
*cmap* A colormap for the surface patches.
*facecolors* Face colors for the individual patches
*norm* An instance of Normalize to map values to colors
*vmin* Minimum value to map
*vmax* Maximum value to map
*shade* Whether to shade the facecolors
若改为：
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=5, cstride=5, cmap=plt.get_cmap('rainbow'))
- 画在xy平面的投影
添加xy等高线的
ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=-2, cmap=plt.get_cmap('rainbow')
Argument Description
========== ================================================
*X*, *Y*, Data values as numpy.arrays
*Z*
*zdir* The direction to use: x, y or z (default)
*offset* If specified plot a projection of the filled contour
on this position in plane normal to zdir
