这篇文章主要介绍“如何用Python制作一个MOOC公开课下载器”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在如何用Python制作一个MOOC公开课下载器问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”如何用Python制作一个MOOC公开课下载器”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！
开发工具
Python版本：3.7.8
相关模块：
DecryptLogin模块；
tqdm模块；
click模块；
argparse模块；
以及一些python自带的模块。
环境搭建
安装Python并添加到环境变量，pip安装需要的相关模块即可。
先睹为快
运行方式：
python moocdl.py --url 课程链接效果如下：
moocdl
随便挑的一个课程测试的，结果是m3u8格式的，所以下载起来有点慢。默认会把所有的课件这些东西也一起下载下来放到对应的目录。
原理简介
首先，我们需要先模拟登录中国大学MOOC，这样才能下载对应的课程资料，这里借助公众号之前开源的DecryptLogin包就好啦：
'''登录'''def login(self, username, password): lg = login.Login() infos_return, session = lg.icourse163(username, password) return infos_return, session接着，我们简单讲解一下如何下载对应课程里的资料。首先，我们需要获得课程相关的基本资料，随便点开个课程主页就可以发现直接在返回的页面里就有：
提取我们需要的课程信息的代码实现如下：
# 从课程主页面获取信息url = url.replace('learn/', 'course/')response = self.session.get(url)term_id = re.findall(r'termId : "(\d+)"', response.text)[0]course_name = ' - '.join(re.findall(r'name:"(.+)"', response.text))course_name = self.filterBadCharacter(course_name)course_id = re.findall(r'https?://www.icourse163.org/(course|learn)/\w+-(\d+)', url)[0]print(f'从课程主页面获取的信息如下:\n\t[课程名]: {course_name}, [课程ID]: {course_name}, [TID]: {term_id}')接着利用这些信息来爬取对应的资源列表：
# 获取资源列表resource_list = []data = { 'tid': term_id, 'mob-token': self.infos_return['results']['mob-token'],}response = self.session.post('https://www.icourse163.org/mob/course/courseLearn/v1', data=data)course_info = response.json()file_types = [1, 3, 4]for chapter_num, chapter in enumerate(course_info.get('results', {}).get('termDto', {}).get('chapters', [])): for lesson_num, lesson in enumerate(chapter.get('lessons', [])) if chapter.get('lessons') is not None else []: for unit_num, unit in enumerate(lesson.get('units', [])): if unit['contentType'] not in file_types: continue savedir = course_name self.checkdir(savedir) for item in [self.filterBadCharacter(chapter['name']), self.filterBadCharacter(lesson['name']), self.filterBadCharacter(unit['name'])]: savedir = os.path.join(savedir, item) self.checkdir(savedir) if unit['contentType'] == file_types[0]: savename = self.filterBadCharacter(unit['name']) + '.mp4' resource_list.append({ 'savedir': savedir, 'savename': savename, 'type': 'video', 'contentId': unit['contentId'], 'id': unit['id'], }) elif unit['contentType'] == file_types[1]: savename = self.filterBadCharacter(unit['name']) + '.pdf' resource_list.append({ 'savedir': savedir, 'savename': savename, 'type': 'pdf', 'contentId': unit['contentId'], 'id': unit['id'], }) elif unit['contentType'] == file_types[2]: if unit.get('jsonContent'): json_content = eval(unit['jsonContent']) savename = self.filterBadCharacter(json_content['fileName']) resource_list.append({ 'savedir': savedir, 'savename': savename, 'type': 'rich_text', 'jsonContent': json_content, })print(f'成功获得资源列表, 数量为{len(resource_list)}')最后根据资源类型解析下载即可：
# 下载对应资源pbar = tqdm(resource_list)for resource in pbar: pbar.set_description(f'downloading {resource["savename"]}') # --下载视频 if resource['type'] == 'video': data = { 'bizType': '1', 'mob-token': self.infos_return['results']['mob-token'], 'bizId': resource['id'], 'contentType': '1', } while True: response = self.session.post('https://www.icourse163.org/mob/j/v1/mobileResourceRpcBean.getResourceToken.rpc', data=data) if response.json()['results'] is not None: break time.sleep(0.5 + random.random()) signature = response.json()['results']['videoSignDto']['signature'] data = { 'enVersion': '1', 'clientType': '2', 'mob-token': self.infos_return['results']['mob-token'], 'signature': signature, 'videoId': resource['contentId'], } response = self.session.post('https://vod.study.163.com/mob/api/v1/vod/videoByNative', data=data) # ----下载视频 videos = response.json()['results']['videoInfo']['videos'] resolutions, video_url = [3, 2, 1], None for resolution in resolutions: for video in videos: if video['quality'] == resolution: video_url = video["videoUrl"] break if video_url is not None: break if '.m3u8' in video_url: self.m3u8download({ 'download_url': video_url, 'savedir': resource['savedir'], 'savename': resource['savename'], }) else: self.defaultdownload({ 'download_url': video_url, 'savedir': resource['savedir'], 'savename': resource['savename'], }) # ----下载字幕 srt_info = response.json()['results']['videoInfo']['srtCaptions'] if srt_info: for srt_item in srt_info: srt_name = os.path.splitext(resource['savename'])[0] + '_' + srt_item['languageCode'] + '.srt' srt_url = srt_item['url'] response = self.session.get(srt_url) fp = open(os.path.join(resource['savedir'], srt_name), 'wb') fp.write(response.content) fp.close() # --下载PDF elif resource['type'] == 'pdf': data = { 't': '3', 'cid': resource['contentId'], 'unitId': resource['id'], 'mob-token': self.infos_return['results']['mob-token'], } response = self.session.post('http://www.icourse163.org/mob/course/learn/v1', data=data) pdf_url = response.json()['results']['learnInfo']['textOrigUrl'] self.defaultdownload({ 'download_url': pdf_url, 'savedir': resource['savedir'], 'savename': resource['savename'], }) # --下载富文本 elif resource['type'] == 'rich_text': download_url = 'http://www.icourse163.org/mob/course/attachment.htm?' + urlencode(resource['jsonContent']) self.defaultdownload({ 'download_url': download_url, 'savedir': resource['savedir'], 'savename': resource['savename'], })到此，关于“如何用Python制作一个MOOC公开课下载器”的学习就结束了，希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习，快去试试吧！若想继续学习更多相关知识，请继续关注编程网网站，小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章！
