一个简单的python爬虫,爬取知乎
- 主要实现 爬取一个收藏夹 里 所有问题答案下的 图片
- 文字信息暂未收录，可自行实现，比图片更简单
- 具体代码里有详细注释，请自行阅读
项目源码：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from spider import SpiderHTMLfrom multiprocessing import Poolimport sys,urllib,http,os,random,re,time__author__ = 'waiting''''使用了第三方的类库 BeautifulSoup4，请自行安装需要目录下的spider.py文件运行环境：python3.4,windows7''' #收藏夹的地址url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/collection/30822111' #page参数改为代码添加 #本地存放的路径,不存在会自动创建store_path = 'E:\\zhihu\收藏夹\\会员才知道的世界' class zhihuCollectionSpider(SpiderHTML): def __init__(self,pageStart, pageEnd, url): self._url = url self._pageStart = int(pageStart) self._pageEnd = int(pageEnd)+1 self.downLimit = 0 #低于此赞同的答案不收录 def start(self): for page in range(self._pageStart,self._pageEnd): #收藏夹的页数 url = self._url + '?page='+str(page) content = self.getUrl(url) questionList = content.find_all('div',class_='zm-item') for question in questionList: #收藏夹的每个问题 Qtitle = question.find('h3',class_='zm-item-title') if Qtitle is None: #被和谐了 continue questionStr = Qtitle.a.string Qurl = 'https://www.zhihu.com'+Qtitle.a['href'] #问题题目 Qtitle = re.sub(r'[\\/:*?"<>]','#',Qtitle.a.string) #windows文件/目录名不支持的特殊符号 try: print('-----正在获取问题:'+Qtitle+'-----') #获取到问题的链接和标题，进入抓取 except UnicodeEncodeError: print(r'---问题含有特殊字符无法显示---') try: Qcontent = self.getUrl(Qurl) except: print('!!!!获取出错!!!!!') pass answerList = Qcontent.find_all('div',class_='zm-item-answer zm-item-expanded') self._processAnswer(answerList,Qtitle) #处理问题的答案 time.sleep(5) def _processAnswer(self,answerList,Qtitle): j = 0 for answer in answerList: j = j + 1 upvoted = int(answer.find('span',class_='count').string.replace('K','000')) #获得此答案赞同数 if upvoted < self.downLimit: continue authorInfo = answer.find('div',class_='zm-item-answer-author-info') #获取作者信息 author = {'introduction':'','link':''} try: author['name'] = authorInfo.find('a',class_='author-link').string #获得作者的名字 author['introduction'] = str(authorInfo.find('span',class_='bio')['title']) #获得作者的简介 author['link'] = authorInfo.find('a',class_='author-link')['href'] except AttributeError: author['name'] = '匿名用户'+str(j) except TypeError: #简介为空的情况 pass #匿名用户没有链接 file_name = os.path.join(store_path,Qtitle,'info',author['name']+'_info.txt') if os.path.exists(file_name): #已经抓取过 continue self.saveText(file_name,'{introduction}\r\n{link}'.format(**author)) #保存作者的信息 print('正在获取用户`{name}`的答案'.format(**author)) answerContent = answer.find('div',class_='zm-editable-content clearfix') if answerContent is None: #被举报的用户没有答案内容 continue imgs = answerContent.find_all('img') if len(imgs) == 0: #答案没有上图 pass else: self._getImgFromAnswer(imgs,Qtitle,**author) #收录图片 def _getImgFromAnswer(self,imgs,Qtitle,**author): i = 0 for img in imgs: if 'inline-image' in img['class']: #不抓取知乎的小图 continue i = i + 1 imgUrl = img['src'] extension = os.path.splitext(imgUrl)[1] path_name = os.path.join(store_path,Qtitle,author['name']+'_'+str(i)+extension) try: self.saveImg(imgUrl,path_name) #捕获各种图片异常，流程不中断 except: pass #收录文字 def _getTextFromAnswer(self): pass #命令行下运行，例：zhihu.py 1 5 获取1到5页的数据if __name__ == '__main__': page, limit, paramsNum= 1, 0, len(sys.argv) if paramsNum>=3: page, pageEnd = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2] elif paramsNum == 2: page = sys.argv[1] pageEnd = page else: page,pageEnd = 1,1 spider = zhihuCollectionSpider(page,pageEnd,url) spider.start()很多初学者，对Python的概念都是模糊不清的，Python能做什么，学的时候，该按照什么线路去学习，学完往哪方面发展，想深入了解，详情可以点击有道云笔记链接了解：http://note.youdao.com/noteshare?id=e4fa02e7b56d7909a27674cdb3da08aa
