小编给大家分享一下Centos7.9如何搭建自主邮件服务器，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后都有所收获，下面让我们一起去探讨吧！
一 配置内网dns A记录和MX记录
我在内网使用的域名主机是dnsmasq代理软件，其使用简单，方便，多样化。详细配置可查看其他文档。
[root@dns_proxy ~]# grep liqing /etc/dnsmasq.confaddress=/mail.liqing-test.top/192.168.2.100mx-host=liqing-test.top,mail.liqing-test.top,10二 mail服务器初始化配置
1. 修改主机名
[root@localhost /]# hostnamectl --static set-hostname mail.liqing-test.top|bash2. 关闭防火墙与selinux
[root@mail /]# systemctl stop iptables && systemctl disable iptables[root@mail /]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld[root@mail /]# setenforce 03. 开启时间同步
[root@mail /]# yum -y install ntpdate && ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com4. 安装软件
[root@mail /]# yum -y install postfix dovecot cyrus-sasl-* mailx三 修改配置文件
注释：配置文件备份操作本文档自行操作
1 配置postfix
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/postfix/main.cfmail_owner = postfixmyhostname = mail.liqing-test.topmydomain = liqing-test.topmyorigin = $mydomaininet_interfaces = allinet_protocols = ipv4mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain, mail.$mydomain, www.$mydomain, ftp.$mydomainlocal_recipient_maps =mynetworks = 0.0.0.0/0relay_domains = $mydestinationalias_maps = hash:/etc/aliasesalias_database = hash:/etc/aliasessmtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP# 在最下面新增smtpd_sasl_type = dovecotsmtpd_sasl_path = private/authsmtpd_sasl_local_domain =smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yessmtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymousbroken_sasl_auth_clients = yessmtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_auth_destination,permit_sasl_authenticatedsmtpd_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated2 配置dovecot
2.1 配置监听协议:
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/dovecot/dovecot.confprotocols = imap pop3 lmtplisten = *login_trusted_networks = 0.0.0.0/0dict {}!include conf.d/*.conf!include_try local.conf2.2 配置登录方式：
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.confdisable_plaintext_auth = noauth_mechanisms = plain login!include auth-system.conf.ext2.3 配置邮件存储位置：
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.confmail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%unamespace inbox {inbox = yes}first_valid_uid = 1000mbox_write_locks = fcntl[root@mail /]# cat /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { mode = 0666 user = postfix group = postfix }}2.4 配置ssl(关闭):
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf ssl = no3 配置sasl2
3.1 配置系统认证：
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/sysconfig/saslauthd SOCKETDIR=/run/saslauthdMECH=shadowFLAGS=3.2 配置登录方式:
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/sasl2/smtpd.confpwcheck_method: saslauthdmech_list: PLAIN LOGINlog_level:34 启动服务:
systemctl restart dovecotsystemctl restart postfixsystemctl restart saslauthdsystemctl enable dovecotsystemctl enable postfixsystemctl enable saslauthd5 创建用户并设置pass
[root@mail /]# useradd -m autumn && echo 123456 | passwd --stdin autumn[root@mail /]# su - autumn [autumn@mail ~]$ mkdir -p ~/mail/.imap/INBOX[autumn@mail ~]$ chmod -R 750 ~/mail #(这不操作不做会在使用foxmail登录时报错{Error: Couldn't open INBOX: Permission denied})[autumn@mail ~]$ exit6 配置mailx：
[root@mail /]# cat /etc/mail.rcset from=autumn@liqing-test.topset smtp=mail.liqing-test.topset smtp-auth-user=autumnset smtp-auth-password=123456set smtp-auth=login四 发送邮件测试
1 命令行发送邮件测试
[root@mail /]# echo "邮件服务器测试" | mail -s "邮件服务器测试" other-email@163.com2 使用使用foxmail登录并发送邮件测试
五 报错
1 权限被拒绝
在使用foxmail登录邮箱时提示权限被拒绝，这是因为在邮箱用户的家目录下mail文件权限不是750，设置为750后解决。
[autumn@mail ~]$ chmod -R 750 ~/mailDec 3 10:15:35 Git-server dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=<autumn>, method=PLAIN, rip=192.168.31.100, lip=192.168.2.100, mpid=24843, secured, session=<YnZ3ezTSjiLAqB9k>
Dec 3 10:15:35 Git-server dovecot: pop3(autumn): Error: fchown(/home/autumn/mail/.imap, group=12(mail)) failed: Operation not permitted (egid=1004(autumn), group based on /var/mail/autumn - see http://wiki2.dovecot.org/Errors/ChgrpNoPerm)
Dec 3 10:15:35 Git-server dovecot: pop3(autumn): Error: Couldn't open INBOX: Permission denied
Dec 3 10:15:35 Git-server dovecot: pop3(autumn): Couldn't open INBOX: Permission denied top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/0, size=0
Dec 3 10:16:26 Git-server dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=<autumn>, method=PLAIN, rip=192.168.31.100, lip=192.168.2.100, mpid=24895, secured, session=<NkWHfjTS2CLAqB9k>
Dec 3 10:16:26 Git-server dovecot: pop3(autumn): Error: fchown(/home/autumn/mail/.imap, group=12(mail)) failed: Operation not permitted (egid=1004(autumn), group based on /var/mail/autumn - see http://wiki2.dovecot.org/Errors/ChgrpNoPerm)
2 无法找到主机：
邮件在发送时会根据邮件地址的解析记录去查找mx记录，这里我在向腾讯的企业邮箱发送测试邮件时找不到腾讯的邮箱地址。我在内网的dns代理中加入了腾讯的mx记录后解决
[root@dns- ~]# grep qq /etc/dnsmasq.conf mx-host=***.com,mxbiz2.qq.com,10mx-host=***.com,mxbiz1.qq.com,5Dec 3 10:36:14 Git-server postfix/smtpd[26216]: connect from unknown[192.168.31.100]
Dec 3 10:36:15 Git-server postfix/smtpd[26216]: 05C682267F04: client=unknown[192.168.31.100], sasl_method=LOGIN, sasl_username=autumn
Dec 3 10:36:15 Git-server postfix/cleanup[26220]: 05C682267F04: message-id=<202112031036171922345@liqing-test.top>
Dec 3 10:36:15 Git-server postfix/qmgr[25430]: 05C682267F04: from=<autumn@liqing-test.top>, size=1561, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Dec 3 10:36:15 Git-server postfix/smtpd[26216]: disconnect from unknown[192.168.31.100]
Dec 3 10:36:15 Git-server postfix/smtp[26221]: 05C682267F04: to=<***@***.com>, relay=none, delay=0.11, delays=0.08/0.02/0/0, dsn=4.4.3, status=deferred (Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=***.com type=MX: Host not found, try again)
3 邮件被拒绝
在我向腾讯企业邮箱发送测试邮件时日志里出现了550邮件连接被拒绝的情况，此情况在邮件中设置白名单后解决。
Dec 3 10:11:57 Git-server postfix/smtpd[24617]: connect from mail.liqing-test.top[192.168.2.100]
Dec 3 10:11:57 Git-server postfix/smtpd[24617]: 4E2292267F04: client=mail.liqing-test.top[192.168.2.100], sasl_method=LOGIN, sasl_username=autumn
Dec 3 10:11:57 Git-server postfix/cleanup[24621]: 4E2292267F04: message-id=<61a97cec.xRtXn6hYj3NI3wI3%autumn@liqing-test.top>
Dec 3 10:11:57 Git-server postfix/qmgr[24504]: 4E2292267F04: from=<autumn@liqing-test.top>, size=541, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Dec 3 10:11:57 Git-server postfix/smtpd[24617]: disconnect from mail.liqing-test.top[192.168.2.100]
Dec 3 10:11:58 Git-server postfix/smtp[24622]: 4E2292267F04: to=<***@***.com>, relay=mxbiz1.qq.com[183.57.48.34]:25, delay=1.6, delays=0.09/0.03/0.16/1.3, dsn=5.0.0, status=bounced (host mxbiz1.qq.com[183.57.48.34] said: 550 Mail content denied. http://service.exmail.qq.com/cgi-bin/help?subtype=1&&id=20022&&no=1000726 (in reply to end of DATA command))
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