这篇文章主要介绍如何使用Python3制作一个带GUI界面的小说爬虫工具,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!
效果图
最近帮朋友写个简单爬虫,顺便整理了下,搞成了一个带GUI界面的小说爬虫工具,用来从笔趣阁爬取小说。
开发完成后的界面
采集过程界面
采集后存储
主要功能
多线程采集,一个线程采集一本小说
支持使用代理,尤其是多线程采集时,不使用代理可能封ip
实时输出采集结果
使用 threading.BoundedSemaphore() pool_sema.acquire() pool_sema.release()
来限制线程数量,防止并发线程过。具体限制数量,可在软件界面输入,默认5个线程
# 所有线程任务开始前pool_sema.threading.BoundedSemaphore(5)# 具体每个线程开始前 锁pool_sema.acquire() ....# 线程任务执行结束释放pol_sema.release()
用到的第三方模块
pip install requestspip install pysimpleguipip install lxmlpip install pyinstaller
GUI 界面使用了一个tkinter 的封装库 PySimpleGUI
, 使用非常方便,虽然界面不够漂亮,但胜在简单,非常适合开发些小工具。https://pysimplegui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/比如这个界面的布局,只需简单几个 list
layout = [ [sg.Text('输入要爬取的小说网址,点此打开笔趣阁站点复制', font=("微软雅黑", 12), key="openwebsite", enable_events=True, tooltip="点击在浏览器中打开")], [sg.Text("小说目录页url,一行一个:")], [ sg.Multiline('', key="url", size=(120, 6), autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, right_click_menu=['&Right', ['粘贴']] ) ], [sg.Text(visible=False, text_color="#ff0000", key="error")], [ sg.Button(button_text='开始采集', key="start", size=(20, 1)), sg.Button(button_text='打开下载目录', key="opendir", size=(20, 1), button_color="#999999") ], [sg.Text('填写ip代理,有密码格式 用户名:密码@ip:端口,无密码格式 ip:端口。如 demo:123456@123.1.2.8:8580')], [ sg.Input('', key="proxy"), sg.Text('线程数量:'), sg.Input('5', key="threadnum"), ], [ sg.Multiline('等待采集', key="res", disabled=True, border_width=0, background_color="#ffffff", size=( 120, 6), no_scrollbar=False, autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, expand_y=True, font=("宋体", 10), text_color="#999999") ], ]
打包为 exe 命令
pyinstaller -Fw start.py
全部源码
import timeimport requestsimport osimport sysimport reimport randomfrom lxml import etreeimport webbrowserimport PySimpleGUI as sgimport threading# user-agentheader = { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.99 Safari/537.36"}# 代理proxies = {}# 删除书名中特殊符号# 笔趣阁基地址baseurl = 'https://www.xbiquwx.la/'# 线程数量threadNum = 6pool_sema = NoneTHREAD_EVENT = '-THREAD-'cjstatus = False# txt存储目录filePath = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'txt'))if not os.path.exists(filePath): os.mkdir(filePath)# 删除特殊字符def deletetag(text): return re.sub(r'[\[\]#\/\\:*\,;\?\"\'<>\|\(\)《》&\^!~=%\{\}@!:。·!¥……() ]','',text)# 入口def main(): global cjstatus, proxies, threadNum, pool_sema sg.theme("reddit") layout = [ [sg.Text('输入要爬取的小说网址,点此打开笔趣阁站点复制', font=("微软雅黑", 12), key="openwebsite", enable_events=True, tooltip="点击在浏览器中打开")], [sg.Text("小说目录页url,一行一个:")], [ sg.Multiline('', key="url", size=(120, 6), autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, right_click_menu=['&Right', ['粘贴']] ) ], [sg.Text(visible=False, text_color="#ff0000", key="error")], [ sg.Button(button_text='开始采集', key="start", size=(20, 1)), sg.Button(button_text='打开下载目录', key="opendir", size=(20, 1), button_color="#999999") ], [sg.Text('填写ip代理,有密码格式 用户名:密码@ip:端口,无密码格式 ip:端口。如 demo:123456@123.1.2.8:8580')], [ sg.Input('', key="proxy"), sg.Text('线程数量:'), sg.Input('5', key="threadnum"), ], [ sg.Multiline('等待采集', key="res", disabled=True, border_width=0, background_color="#ffffff", size=( 120, 6), no_scrollbar=False, autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, expand_y=True, font=("宋体", 10), text_color="#999999") ], ] window = sg.Window('采集笔趣阁小说', layout, size=(800, 500), resizable=True,) while True: event, values = window.read() if event == sg.WIN_CLOSED or event == 'close': # if user closes window or clicks cancel break if event == "openwebsite": webbrowser.open('%s' % baseurl) elif event == 'opendir': os.system('start explorer ' + filePath) elif event == 'start': if cjstatus: cjstatus = False window['start'].update('已停止...点击重新开始') continue window['error'].update("", visible=False) urls = values['url'].strip().split("\n") lenth = len(urls) for k, url in enumerate(urls): if (not re.match(r'%s\d+_\d+/' % baseurl, url.strip())): if len(url.strip()) > 0: window['error'].update("地址错误:%s" % url, visible=True) del urls[k] if len(urls) < 1: window['error'].update( "每行地址需符合 %s84_84370/ 形式" % baseurlr, visible=True) continue # 代理 if len(values['proxy']) > 8: proxies = { "http": "http://%s" % values['proxy'], "https": "http://%s" % values['proxy'] } # 线程数量 if values['threadnum'] and int(values['threadnum']) > 0: threadNum = int(values['threadnum']) pool_sema = threading.BoundedSemaphore(threadNum) cjstatus = True window['start'].update('采集中...点击停止') window['res'].update('开始采集') for url in urls: threading.Thread(target=downloadbybook, args=( url.strip(), window,), daemon=True).start() elif event == "粘贴": window['url'].update(sg.clipboard_get()) print("event", event) if event == THREAD_EVENT: strtext = values[THREAD_EVENT][1] window['res'].update(window['res'].get()+"\n"+strtext) cjstatus = False window.close()#下载def downloadbybook(page_url, window): try: bookpage = requests.get(url=page_url, headers=header, proxies=proxies) except Exception as e: window.write_event_value( '-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread().name, '\n请求 %s 错误,原因:%s' % (page_url, e))) return if not cjstatus: return # 锁线程 pool_sema.acquire() if bookpage.status_code != 200: window.write_event_value( '-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread().name, '\n请求%s错误,原因:%s' % (page_url, page.reason))) return bookpage.encoding = 'utf-8' page_tree = etree.HTML(bookpage.text) bookname = page_tree.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/h2/text()')[0] bookfilename = filePath + '/' + deletetag(bookname)+'.txt' zj_list = page_tree.xpath( '//div[@class="box_con"]/div[@id="list"]/dl/dd') for _ in zj_list: if not cjstatus: break zjurl = page_url + _.xpath('./a/@href')[0] zjname = _.xpath('./a/@title')[0] try: zjpage = requests.get( zjurl, headers=header, proxies=proxies) except Exception as e: window.write_event_value('-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread( ).name, '\n请求%s:%s错误,原因:%s' % (zjname, zjurl, zjpage.reason))) continue if zjpage.status_code != 200: window.write_event_value('-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread( ).name, '\n请求%s:%s错误,原因:%s' % (zjname, zjurl, zjpage.reason))) return zjpage.encoding = 'utf-8' zjpage_content = etree.HTML(zjpage.text).xpath('//div[@id="content"]/text()') content = "\n【"+zjname+"】\n" for _ in zjpage_content: content += _.strip() + '\n' with open(bookfilename, 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as fs: fs.write(content) window.write_event_value( '-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread().name, '\n%s:%s 采集成功' % (bookname, zjname))) time.sleep(random.uniform(0.05, 0.2)) # 下载完毕 window.write_event_value('-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread( ).name, '\n请求 %s 结束' % page_url)) pool_sema.release()if __name__ == '__main__': main()
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