Java安全框架——Shiro的使用详解(附springboot整合Shiro的demo)-编程学习网

Shiro简介

Apache Shiro是一个强大且易用的Java安全框架,执行身份验证、授权、密码和会话管理
三个核心组件：Subject, SecurityManager 和 Realms
Subject代表了当前用户的安全操作
SecurityManager管理所有用户的安全操作，是Shiro框架的核心，Shiro通过SecurityManager来管理内部组件实例，并通过它来提供安全管理的各种服务。
Realm充当了Shiro与应用安全数据间的“桥梁”或者“连接器”。也就是说，当对用户执行认证（登录）和授权（访问控制）验证时，Shiro会从应用配置的Realm中查找用户及其权限信息。
Realm实质上是一个安全相关的DAO：它封装了数据源的连接细节，并在需要时将相关数据提供给Shiro。当配置Shiro时，你必须至少指定一个Realm，用于认证和（或）授权。配置多个Realm是可以的，但是至少需要一个。

Shiro快速入门

导入依赖


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- configure logging -->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/jcl-over-slf4j -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0-alpha1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0-alpha1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>

配置log4j.properties


log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n

# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN

# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN

# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO

# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN

配置Shiro.ini（在IDEA中需要导入ini插件）


[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5

快速入门实现类 quickStart.java


import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.DefaultSecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.text.IniRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class quickStart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(quickStart.class);

    


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // 创建带有配置的Shiro SecurityManager的最简单方法
        // realms, users, roles and permissions 是使用简单的INI配置。
        // 我们将使用可以提取.ini文件的工厂来完成此操作，
        // 返回一个SecurityManager实例：

        // 在类路径的根目录下使用shiro.ini文件
        // (file：和url：前缀分别从文件和url加载):
        //Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        //SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
        DefaultSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultSecurityManager();
        IniRealm iniRealm = new IniRealm("classpath:shiro.ini");
        securityManager.setRealm(iniRealm);

        // 对于这个简单的示例快速入门，请使SecurityManager
        // 可作为JVM单例访问。大多数应用程序都不会这样做
        // 而是依靠其容器配置或web.xml进行
        // webapps。这超出了此简单快速入门的范围，因此
        // 我们只做最低限度的工作，这样您就可以继续感受事物.
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // 现在已经建立了一个简单的Shiro环境，让我们看看您可以做什么：

        // 获取当前用户对象 Subject
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // 使用Session做一些事情（不需要Web或EJB容器！！！
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();//通过当前用户拿到Session
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        // 判断当前用户是否被认证
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            //token ： 令牌，没有获取，随机
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            token.setRememberMe(true); // 设置记住我
            try {
                currentUser.login(token);//执行登陆操作
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {//打印出  用户名
                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {//打印出 密码
                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // ... 在此处捕获更多异常（也许是针对您的应用程序的自定义异常？
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        //say who they are:
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //test a role:
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }

        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }

        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        //all done - log out!
        currentUser.logout();//注销

        System.exit(0);//退出
    }
}

启动测试

SpringBoot-Shiro整合（最后会附上完整代码）

前期工作

导入shiro-spring整合包依赖


<!--  shiro-spring整合包 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
    <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.1</version>
</dependency>

跳转的页面
index.html


<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>首页</h1>

<p th:text="${msg}"></p>

<a th:href="@{/user/add}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >add</a>| <a th:href="@{/user/update}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >update</a>

</body>
</html>

add.html


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>add</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>add</p>
</body>
</html>

update.html


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>update</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>update</p>
</body>
</html>

编写shiro的配置类ShiroConfig.java


package com.example.config;

import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
    //3. ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getshiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("SecurityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager){
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean factoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        //设置安全管理器
        factoryBean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);

        return factoryBean;
    }

    //2.创建DefaultWebSecurityManager
    @Bean(name = "SecurityManager")
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm){
        DefaultWebSecurityManager SecurityManager=new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        //3.关联Realm
        SecurityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
        return SecurityManager;
    }
    //1.创建Realm对象
    @Bean(name = "userRealm")
    public UserRealm userRealm(){
        return new UserRealm();
    }

}

编写UserRealm.java


package com.example.config;


import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;

public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {


    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        System.out.println("授权");
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("认证");
        return null;
    }
}

编写controller测试环境是否搭建好


package com.example.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class MyController {

    @RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
    public String index(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","hello,shiro");
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/user/add")
    public String add(){
        return "user/add";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/user/update")
    public String update(){
        return "user/update";
    }
}

实现登录拦截

在ShiroConfig.java文件中添加拦截


Map<String,String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        //对/user
        Map<String,String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        //对/user/*下的文件只有拥有authc权限的才能访问
        filterMap.put("/user/*","authc");
        //将Map存放到ShiroFilterFactoryBean中
        factoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
        //需进行权限认证时跳转到toLogin
        factoryBean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");
        //权限认证失败时跳转到unauthorized
        factoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/unauthorized");

        return factoryBean;
    }

    //2.创建DefaultWebSecurityManager
    @Bean(name = "SecurityManager")
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm){
        DefaultWebSecurityManager SecurityManager=new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        //3.关联Realm
        SecurityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
        return SecurityManager;
    }
    //1.创建Realm对象
    @Bean(name = "userRealm")
    public UserRealm userRealm(){
        return new UserRealm();
    }

}

UserRealm.java


package com.example.config;


import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;

public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

    //授权
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        System.out.println("授权");
        return null;
    }
    //认证
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("认证");

        String name = "root";
        String password = "123456";

        UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;

        if (!userToken.getUsername().equals(name)){
            return null;//抛出异常  用户名错误那个异常
        }

        //密码认证，shiro自己做
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",password,"");
    }
}

但是，我们在用户认证这里，真实情况是从数据库中取的，所以，我们接下来去实现一下从数据库中取出数据来实现用户认证

Shiro整合mybatis

前期工作

在前面导入的依赖中，继续添加以下依赖


        <!--  mysql      -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--   log4j     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--  数据源Druid      -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--   引入mybatis     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--  lombok      -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>

导入了mybatis和Druid，就去application.properties配置一下和Druid
Druid


spring:
  datasource:
    username: root
    password: 123456
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 自定义数据源

    #Spring Boot 默认是不注入这些属性值的，需要自己绑定
    #druid 数据源专有配置
    initialSize: 5
    minIdle: 5
    maxActive: 20
    maxWait: 60000
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
    validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    poolPreparedStatements: true

    #配置监控统计拦截的filters，stat:监控统计、log4j：日志记录、wall：防御sql注入
    #如果允许时报错  java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.log4j.Priority
    #则导入 log4j 依赖即可，Maven 地址：https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j
    filters: stat,wall,log4j
    maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
    useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
    connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500

mybatis


mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.example.pojo
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

连接数据库
编写实体类


package com.example.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
        private Integer id;
        private String name;
        private String pwd;
}

编写mapper


package com.example.mapper;

import com.example.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
    public User getUserByName(String name);
}

编写mapper.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.UserMapper">

    <select id="getUserByName" parameterType="String" resultType="User">
        select * from mybatis.user where name=#{name}
    </select>

</mapper>

编写service


package com.example.service;

import com.example.pojo.User;

public interface UserService {
    public User getUserByName(String name);
}


package com.example.service;

import com.example.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.example.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{

    @Autowired
    UserMapper userMapper;

    @Override
    public User getUserByName(String name) {
        return userMapper.getUserByName(name);
    }
}

使用数据库中的数据

修改UserRealm.java即可


package com.example.config;


import com.example.pojo.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    //授权
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        System.out.println("授权");
        return null;
    }
    //认证
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("认证");

        UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;

        //连接真实的数据库
        User user = userService.getUserByName(userToken.getUsername());

        if (user==null){
            return null;//抛出异常  用户名错误那个异常
        }

        //密码认证，shiro自己做
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",user.getPwd(),"");
    }
}

认证搞完了，我们再来看看授权

在ShiroConfig.java文件加入授权，加入这行代码： filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]");//只有拥有user:add权限的人才能访问add，注意授权的位置在认证前面，不然授权会认证不了；

运行测试：add页面无法访问

授权同理：filterMap.put("/user/update","perms[user:update]");//只有拥有user:update权限的人才能访问update

自定义一个未授权跳转页面

在ShiroConfig.java文件设置未授权时跳转到unauthorized页面，加入这行代码：
factoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/unauthorized"); 2. 去Mycontroller写跳转未授权页面


    @RequestMapping("/unauthorized")
    @ResponseBody//懒得写界面，返回一个字符串
    public String unauthorized(){
        return "没有授权，无法访问";
    }

运行效果：

从数据库中接受用户的权限，进行判断

在数据库中添加一个属性perms，相应的实体类也要修改

修改UserRealm.java


package com.example.config;


import com.example.pojo.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    //授权
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        System.out.println("授权");
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();

        //没有使用数据库，直接自己设置的用户权限，给每个人都设置了，现实中要从数据库中取
        //info.addStringPermission("user:add");

        //从数据库中得到权限信息
        //获得当前登录的对象
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        //拿到User对象，通过getPrincipal()获得
        User currentUser = (User) subject.getPrincipal();

        //设置当前用户的权限
        info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms());

        return info;
    }
    //认证
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("认证");

        UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;

        //连接真实的数据库
        User user = userService.getUserByName(userToken.getUsername());

        if (user==null){
            return null;//抛出异常  用户名错误那个异常
        }

        //密码认证，shiro自己做
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPwd(),"");
    }
}

有了授权后，就又出现了一个问题，我们是不是要让用户没有权限的东西，就看不见呢？这时候，就出现了Shiro-thymeleaf整合

Shiro-thymeleaf整合

导入整合的依赖


<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.github.theborakompanioni/thymeleaf-extras-shiro -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
    <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>

在ShiroConfig整合ShiroDialect


    //整合ShiroDialect： 用来整合 shiro thymeleaf
    @Bean
    public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect(){
        return  new ShiroDialect();
    }

修改index页面


<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
      xmlns:shiro="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro">
<!-- 三个命名空间
xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/extras/spring-security"
xmlns:shiro="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro"
-->
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>首页</h1>

<p th:text="${msg}"></p>

<!--判断是否有用户登录，如果有就不显示登录按钮-->
<div th:if="${session.loginUser==null}">
    <a th:href="@{/toLogin}" rel="external nofollow" >登录</a>
</div>


<div shiro:hasPermission="user:add">
    <a th:href="@{/user/add}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >add</a>
</div>
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:update">
    <a th:href="@{/user/update}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >update</a>
</div>


</body>
</html>

判断是否有用户登录


   //这个是整合shiro和thymeleaf用到的，让登录按钮消失的判断
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        Session session = subject.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("loginUser", user);

测试

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文章详情

Java安全框架——Shiro的使用详解(附springboot整合Shiro的demo)

目录

Shiro简介

Shiro快速入门

SpringBoot-Shiro整合（最后会附上完整代码）

Shiro整合mybatis

认证搞完了，我们再来看看授权

Shiro-thymeleaf整合

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