最近一段时间在刻苦的学习Oracle的体系结构等理论知识,在这里总结一些知识,以及自己在此做个实验扩展巩固最近所学的知识。
实验环境
Redhat Enterprise Linux 6.5 x86_64 IP地址:192.168.60.100
Oracle 11g release 11.2.0.4
系统安装在此略过,IP地址已经更改完成,首先通过ssh协议登陆到RHEL系统,配置YUM本地源环境,安装Oracle所必须的软件依赖包;
[c:\~]$ ssh root@192.168.60.100
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/yum.conf
[local] //修改本地YUM源环境;
name=local
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@rhel6 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/ //挂载本地光盘作为YUM源;
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@rhel6 ~]# yum repolist //检测本地YUM源配置是否正确;
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security,
: subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
local | 3.9 kB 00:00 ...
local/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00 ...
repo id repo name status
local local 3,690
repolist: 3,690
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install binutils -y //通过YUM安装Oracle所必须的软件包;
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install compat-libcap1 -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install gcc -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install gcc-c++ -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install glibc -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install glibc-devel -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install ksh -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libgcc -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libstdc++ -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libstdc++-devel -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libaio -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libaio-devel -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libXext -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libXtst -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libX11 -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libXau -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libxcb -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install libXi -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install make -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install sysstat -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install unixODBC -y
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum install unixODBC-devel -y
修改相应的系统主机名以及IP地址
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
192.168.60.100 rhel6
添加相应的grid用户及用户组
[root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 501 oinstall
[root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 502 dba
[root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 503 oper
[root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
[root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 505 asmoper
[root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd -g 506 asmdba
[root@rhel6 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
[root@rhel6 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
[root@rhel6 ~]# passwd oracle
[root@rhel6 ~]# passwd grid
创建Grid Infrastructure组件安装目录
[root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
[root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
[root@rhel6 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
[root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
[root@rhel6 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
[root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@rhel6 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@rhel6 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01
修改操作系统参数
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
修改Linux服务器ulmits限制
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf
#* soft nproc 1024
* - nproc 16384
禁用SELINUX安全限制
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled //修改配置文件永久关闭selinux;
[root@rhel6 ~]# setenforce 0
关闭IPTABLES防火墙
[root@rhel6 ~]# service iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
[root@rhel6 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 iptables off //3、5级别永久关闭iptables;
修改Linux操作系统的登陆配置文件
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so
修改Linux系统内核Kernel配置
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
#kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 //注释掉原先的系统的配置;
#kernel.shmall = 4294967296
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmax = 858993459 //大于SGA,小于物理内存;
kernel.shmall = 1048576 //物理内存%4K;
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
[root@rhel6 ~]# sysctl -p
配置grid和oracle用户的环境变量
[root@rhel6 ~]# su - grid //grid用户环境变量配置;
[grid@rhel6 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export PS1
umask 022
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rhel6
ORACLE_SID=+ASM; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@rhel6 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
export LANG=en_US
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=itpuxdb; export ORACLE_SID
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
配置udev配置ASM(在此系统所用磁盘为/dev/sda),
[root@rhel6 ~]# fdisk /dev/(sdb\sdc\sdd\sde\sdf) //对磁盘进行分区;
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sdb1", NAME="asm_grid1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sdc1", NAME="asm_system", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sdd1", NAME="asm_recovery", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sde1", NAME="asm_data01", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sdf1", NAME="asm_data02", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
[root@rhel6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb1
[root@rhel6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdc1
[root@rhel6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdd1
[root@rhel6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sde1
[root@rhel6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdf1
[root@rhel6 ~]# udevadm control --reload-rules
[root@rhel6 ~]# start_udev
Starting udev: [ OK ]
[root@rhel6 ~]# ls -lsa /dev/asm*
0 brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 65 May 24 05:48 /dev/asm_data01
0 brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 81 May 24 05:48 /dev/asm_data02
0 brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 17 May 24 05:48 /dev/asm_grid1
0 brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 49 May 24 05:48 /dev/asm_recovery
0 brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 33 May 24 05:48 /dev/asm_system
上传Oracle安装包到服务器
[root@rhel6 ~]#yum -y install lrzsz //安装xshell所用的FTP软件;
[root@rhel6 ~]#unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
[root@rhel6 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /opt/grid/
配置VNC远程桌面
[root@rhel6 ~]# yum -y install vnc-server
[root@rhel6 opt]# su - grid
[grid@rhel6:/home/grid]$vncserver
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password:
Verify:
xauth: creating new authority file /home/grid/.Xauthority
New 'rhel6:1 (grid)' desktop is rhel6:1
Creating default startup script /home/grid/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /home/grid/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/grid/.vnc/rhel6:1.log
VNC远程桌面连接配置安装Grid Infrastructure组件
[grid@rhel6 ~]$ cd /opt/grid/
[grid@rhel6 grid]$ ./runInstaller
选择单节点安装配置Grid Infrastructure
选择语言环境
扫描ASM磁盘
配置统一的账户密码
环境变量配置正确的情况下会自动识别用户组
配置安装目录(可手动调整)
检测依赖包等信息后,出现警告(因测试虚拟机内存较少,未能达到Oracle推荐值这里可以忽略)
执行所要求的脚本
[root@rhel6 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@rhel6 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
LOCAL ADD MODE
Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp 'oinstall'..
Operation successful.
LOCAL ONLY MODE
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4664: Node rhel6 successfully pinned.
Adding Clusterware entries to upstart
rhel6 2017/05/24 07:14:47 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rhel6/backup_20170524_071447.olr
Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server
配置安装成功
配置安装Oracle 客户端
[root@rhel6 opt]# su - oracle
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ vncserver
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password:
Verify:
xauth: creating new authority file /home/oracle/.Xauthority
New 'rhel6:2 (oracle)' desktop is rhel6:2
Creating default startup script /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/oracle/.vnc/rhel6:2.log
[root@rhel6 opt]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[root@rhel6 opt]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[root@rhel6 opt]# chown -R oracle.oinstall database/
VNC远程桌面安装Oracle软件
[oracle@rhel6 database]$ ./runInstaller
选择只安装Oracle软件(后续再建实例)
选择单实例节点安装
选择安装企业版
Oracle数据库软件安装位置(环境变量读取正确不需要修改)
由于测试环境内存偏小,所以这里可以忽略警告继续安装
以root用户执行所需的脚本
[root@rhel6 tmp]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
安装完成
Oracle和ASM配置安装完成接下来安装配置ASM,建instance
以grid用户远程桌面登陆,配置ASM磁盘
[grid@rhel6:/home/grid]$asmca
以oracle用户远程桌面登陆,配置创建数据库
[oracle@rhel6 database]$ dbca
选择创建数据库
由于这里是实验环境选择第一项
配置instance名
由于这里是实验环境,选择启用OEM,不勾选快速闪回
配置统一的密码
在此选择ASM磁盘而非file system,选择创建的ASM磁盘组
实验环境勾选实例
配置SGA、PGA空间大小,配置中文字符集ZHFS16GBK,配置并发连接数,配置专用共享池
在此可配置数据文件大小以及自动扩展、redo log组配置,(实验环境在此不做过多配置)
在此可将数据配置文件等信息导出(方便后续文档撰写)
创建数据库中...
数据库安装完成
以grid用户查看集群状态及监听状态
[grid@rhel6:/home/grid]$crsctl status resource -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rhel6
ora.DSG.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rhel6
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rhel6
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE rhel6 Started
ora.ons
OFFLINE OFFLINE rhel6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rhel6
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rhel6
ora.orcl.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE rhel6 Open
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[grid@rhel6:/home/grid]$lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 24-MAY-2017 08:28:36
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 24-MAY-2017 07:15:42
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 12 min. 53 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/rhel6/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel6)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
以oracle用户登录连接数据库,查询表空间
[oracle@rhel6 database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed May 24 08:27:56 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from V$TABLESPACE;
TS# NAME INC BIG FLA ENC
---------- ------------------------------ --- --- --- ---
0 SYSTEM YES NO YES
1 SYSAUX YES NO YES
2 UNDOTBS1 YES NO YES
4 USERS YES NO YES
3 TEMP NO NO YES
6 EXAMPLE YES NO YES
6 rows selected.
在此,Rhel Linux环境下的udev + ASM Oracle 11gR2安装部署完成,状态正常。