https://github.com/opencv
需要的有两个部分：opencv 和opencv_contrib 这两个部分选择相同的版本，opencv_contrib是opencv的扩充．
安装cmake-gui （如何安装不多介绍）
在opencv3.4.1中创建一个build文件夹，并将opencv_contrib-3.4.1(扩展库）添加到opencv3.4.1文件夹．
配置如下：
配置输出的信息：
General configuration for OpenCV 3.4.1 =====================================
Version control: unknown
Extra modules:
Location (extra): /home/qy/opencv-3.4.1/opencv_contrib-3.4.1/modules
Version control (extra): unknown
Platform:
Timestamp: 2018-05-10T15:38:21Z
Host: Linux 4.4.0-122-generic x86_64
CMake: 3.5.1
CMake generator: Unix Makefiles
CMake build tool: /usr/bin/make
Configuration: Release
CPU/HW features:
Baseline: SSE SSE2 SSE3
requested: SSE3
Dispatched code generation: SSE4_1 SSE4_2 FP16 AVX AVX2 AVX512_SKX
requested: SSE4_1 SSE4_2 AVX FP16 AVX2 AVX512_SKX
SSE4_1 (3 files): + SSSE3 SSE4_1
SSE4_2 (1 files): + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2
FP16 (2 files): + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 FP16 AVX
AVX (5 files): + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 AVX
AVX2 (9 files): + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 FP16 FMA3 AVX AVX2
AVX512_SKX (1 files): + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 FP16 FMA3 AVX AVX2 AVX_512F AVX512_SKX
C/C++:
Built as dynamic libs?: YES
C++ Compiler: /usr/bin/c++ (ver 5.4.0)
C++ flags (Release): -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wno-narrowing -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG -DNDEBUG
C++ flags (Debug): -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wno-narrowing -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -g -O0 -DDEBUG -D_DEBUG
C Compiler: /usr/bin/cc
C flags (Release): -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wno-narrowing -Wno-comment -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG -DNDEBUG
C flags (Debug): -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wuninitialized -Winit-self -Wno-narrowing -Wno-comment -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -g -O0 -DDEBUG -D_DEBUG
Linker flags (Release):
Linker flags (Debug):
ccache: NO
Precompiled headers: YES
Extra dependencies: dl m pthread rt
3rdparty dependencies: tbb
OpenCV modules:
To be built: aruco bgsegm bioinspired calib3d ccalib core cvv datasets dnn dnn_objdetect dpm face features2d flann freetype fuzzy hdf hfs highgui img_hash imgcodecs imgproc java_bindings_generator line_descriptor ml objdetect optflow phase_unwrapping photo plot python3 python_bindings_generator reg rgbd saliency shape stereo stitching structured_light superres surface_matching text tracking ts video videoio videostab viz xfeatures2d ximgproc xobjdetect xphoto
Disabled: js python2 world
Disabled by dependency: -
Unavailable: cnn_3dobj cudaarithm cudabgsegm cudacodec cudafeatures2d cudafilters cudaimgproc cudalegacy cudaobjdetect cudaoptflow cudastereo cudawarping cudev dnn_modern java matlab ovis sfm
Applications: tests perf_tests examples apps
Documentation: NO
Non-free algorithms: NO
GUI:
QT: YES (ver 5.5.1)
QT OpenGL support: NO
GTK+: NO
VTK support: YES (ver 6.2.0)
Media I/O:
ZLib: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so (ver 1.2.8)
JPEG: libjpeg (ver 90)
WEBP: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwebp.so (ver encoder: 0x0202)
PNG: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng.so (ver 1.2.54)
TIFF: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtiff.so (ver 42 / 4.0.6)
JPEG 2000: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjasper.so (ver 1.900.1)
OpenEXR: build (ver 1.7.1)
Video I/O:
DC1394: YES (ver 2.2.4)
FFMPEG: YES
avcodec: YES (ver 56.60.100)
avformat: YES (ver 56.40.101)
avutil: YES (ver 54.31.100)
swscale: YES (ver 3.1.101)
avresample: NO
GStreamer: NO
libv4l/libv4l2: NO
v4l/v4l2: linux/videodev2.h
gPhoto2: NO
Parallel framework: TBB (ver 2018.0 interface 10001)
Trace: YES (with Intel ITT)
Other third-party libraries:
Intel IPP: 2017.0.3 [2017.0.3]
at: /home/qy/opencv-3.4.1/build/3rdparty/ippicv/ippicv_lnx
Intel IPP IW: sources (2017.0.3)
at: /home/qy/opencv-3.4.1/build/3rdparty/ippicv/ippiw_lnx
Lapack: YES (/usr/lib/liblapack.so /usr/lib/libcblas.so /usr/lib/libatlas.so)
Eigen: YES (ver 3.2.92)
Custom HAL: NO
Protobuf: build (3.5.1)
NVIDIA CUDA: NO
OpenCL: YES (no extra features)
Include path: /home/qy/opencv-3.4.1/3rdparty/include/opencl/1.2
Link libraries: Dynamic load
Python 3:
Interpreter: /home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning/bin/python3.6m (ver 3.6.5)
Libraries: /home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning/lib/libpython3.6m.so (ver 3.6.5)
numpy: /home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include (ver 1.14.2)
packages path: /home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Python (for build): /home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning/bin/python3.6m
Java:
ant: NO
JNI: NO
Java wrappers: NO
Java tests: NO
Matlab: NO
Install to: /usr/opencv34
笔者使用的是ubuntu16.04,默认地opencv会链到系统的python2.7上去（看cache可知），所以需要指定到咱下的anaconda的python3上，在配置python3的时候,cmake-gui可能比较麻烦，笔者使用的命令行如下所示，记得把python所有相关路径改到自己的anaconda下。然后在cmake-gui中进行跟新配置. 笔者的python的环境的路径为/home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning，machineLearning是一个子环境，安装了python3,所以只要是python3的环境就可以．
$ cd build
cmake -D BUILD_opencv_python3=yes -D BUILD_opencv_python2=no -D PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE=/home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning/bin/python3.6m -D PYTHON3_INCLUDE_DIR=/home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning/include/python3.6m -D PYTHON3_LIBRARY=/home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning/lib/libpython3.6m.so -D PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS=/home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include -D PYTHON3_PACKAGES_PATH=/home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning/lib/python3.6/site-packages -D PYTHON_DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE=/home/qy/software/anaconda3/envs/machineLearning/bin/python3.6m ..
切换到cmake-gui,点击reload cache,把上面通过命令行配置的信息在cmake-gui中进行更新
在编译之前，需要安装OpenCV的依赖项：
依赖项参考：
https://docs.opencv.org/2.4/doc/tutorials/introduction/linux_install/linux_install.html
https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/141157.htm
https://www.cnblogs.com/tlnshuju/p/6767337.html
# Build tools:
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential cmake
# GUI (if you want to use GTK instead of Qt, replace 'qt5-default' with 'libgtkglext1-dev' and remove '-DWITH_QT=ON' option in CMake):
sudo apt-get install -y qt5-default libvtk6-dev
# Media I/O:
sudo apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev libjpeg-dev libwebp-dev libpng-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libopenexr-dev libgdal-dev
# Video I/O:
sudo apt-get install -y libdc1394-22-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev yasm libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libv4l-dev libxine2-dev
# Parallelism and linear algebra libraries:
sudo apt-get install -y libtbb-dev libeigen3-dev
# Python:
sudo apt-get install -y python-dev python-tk python-numpy python3-dev python3-tk python3-numpy
配置完成后，点击Generate,会在build文件夹中生成一系列文件．
接下来使用四个线程进行编译：
make -j4
然后进行安装：
cd opencv3.4.0/build/
sudo make install
在配置中opencv的安装目录可以用默认的也可以自己设定，笔者设定是：
/usr/opencv34
编译完成后，把编译出来的cv2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so库(opencv-python)拷到anaconda的python库包下
然后可以使用相应的python3 import cv2
