1、场景
在前文 quickjs 封装 JavaScript 沙箱详情 已经基于 quickjs
实现了一个沙箱,这里再基于 web worker 实现备用方案。如果你不知道 web worker
是什么或者从未了解过,可以查看 Web Workers API
。简而言之,它是一个浏览器实现的多线程,可以运行一段代码在另一个线程,并且提供与之通信的功能。
2、实现 IJavaScriptShadowbox
事实上,web worker 提供了 event emitter
的 api,即 postMessage/onmessage
,所以实现非常简单。
实现分为两部分,一部分是在主线程实现 IJavaScriptShadowbox
,另一部分则是需要在 web worker
线程实现 IEventEmitter
2.1 主线程的实现
import { IJavaScriptShadowbox } from "./IJavaScriptShadowbox";
export class WebWorkerShadowbox implements IJavaScriptShadowbox {
destroy(): void {
this.worker.terminate();
}
private worker!: Worker;
eval(code: string): void {
const blob = new Blob([code], { type: "application/javascript" });
this.worker = new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(blob), {
credentials: "include",
});
this.worker.addEventListener("message", (ev) => {
const msg = ev.data as { channel: string; data: any };
// console.log('msg.data: ', msg)
if (!this.listenerMap.has(msg.channel)) {
return;
}
this.listenerMap.get(msg.channel)!.forEach((handle) => {
handle(msg.data);
});
});
}
private readonly listenerMap = new Map<string, ((data: any) => void)[]>();
emit(channel: string, data: any): void {
this.worker.postMessage({
channel: channel,
data,
});
}
on(channel: string, handle: (data: any) => void): void {
if (!this.listenerMap.has(channel)) {
this.listenerMap.set(channel, []);
}
this.listenerMap.get(channel)!.push(handle);
}
offByChannel(channel: string): void {
this.listenerMap.delete(channel);
}
}
2.2 web worker 线程的实现
import { IEventEmitter } from "./IEventEmitter";
export class WebWorkerEventEmitter implements IEventEmitter {
private readonly listenerMap = new Map<string, ((data: any) => void)[]>();
emit(channel: string, data: any): void {
postMessage({
channel: channel,
data,
});
}
on(channel: string, handle: (data: any) => void): void {
if (!this.listenerMap.has(channel)) {
this.listenerMap.set(channel, []);
}
this.listenerMap.get(channel)!.push(handle);
}
offByChannel(channel: string): void {
this.listenerMap.delete(channel);
}
init() {
onmessage = (ev) => {
const msg = ev.data as { channel: string; data: any };
if (!this.listenerMap.has(msg.channel)) {
return;
}
this.listenerMap.get(msg.channel)!.forEach((handle) => {
handle(msg.data);
});
};
}
destroy() {
this.listenerMap.clear();
onmessage = null;
}
}
3、使用 WebWorkerShadowbox/WebWorkerEventEmitter
主线程代码
const shadowbox: IJavaScriptShadowbox = new WebWorkerShadowbox();
shadowbox.on("hello", (name: string) => {
console.log(`hello ${name}`);
});
// 这里的 code 指的是下面 web worker 线程的代码
shadowbox.eval(code);
shadowbox.emit("open");
web worker 线程代码
const em = new WebWorkerEventEmitter();
em.on("open", () => em.emit("hello", "liuli"));
下面是代码的执行流程示意图;web worker
沙箱实现使用示例代码的执行流程:
4、限制 web worker 全局 api
经大佬 JackWoeker
提醒,web worker
有许多不安全的 api,所以必须限制,包含但不限于以下 api
fetch
indexedDB
performance
事实上,web worker
默认自带了 276
个全局 api,可能比我们想象中多很多。
有篇 文章 阐述了如何在 web 上通过 performance/SharedArrayBuffer api
做侧信道攻击,即便现在 SharedArrayBuffer api
现在浏览器默认已经禁用了,但天知道还有没有其他方法。所以最安全的方法是设置一个 api 白名单,然后删除掉非白名单的 api。
// whitelistWorkerGlobalScope.ts
export function whitelistWorkerGlobalScope(list: PropertyKey[]) {
const whitelist = new Set(list);
const all = Reflect.ownKeys(globalThis);
all.forEach((k) => {
if (whitelist.has(k)) {
return;
}
if (k === "window") {
console.log("window: ", k);
}
Reflect.deleteProperty(globalThis, k);
});
}
const whitelist: (
| keyof typeof global
| keyof WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope
| "console"
)[] = [
"globalThis",
"console",
"setTimeout",
"clearTimeout",
"setInterval",
"clearInterval",
"postMessage",
"onmessage",
"Reflect",
"Array",
"Map",
"Set",
"Function",
"Object",
"Boolean",
"String",
"Number",
"Math",
"Date",
"JSON",
];
whitelistWorkerGlobalScope(whitelist);
然后在执行第三方代码前先执行上面的代码
import beforeCode from "./whitelistWorkerGlobalScope.js?raw";
export class WebWorkerShadowbox implements IJavaScriptShadowbox {
destroy(): void {
this.worker.terminate();
}
private worker!: Worker;
eval(code: string): void {
// 这行是关键
const blob = new Blob([beforeCode + "\n" + code], {
type: "application/javascript",
});
// 其他代码。。。
}
}
由于我们使用 ts 编写源码,所以还必须将 ts 打包为 js bundle
,然后通过 vite
的 ?raw
作为字符串引入,下面吾辈写了一个简单的插件来完成这件事。
import { defineConfig, Plugin } from "vite";
import reactRefresh from "@vitejs/plugin-react-refresh";
import checker from "vite-plugin-checker";
import { build } from "esbuild";
import * as path from "path";
export function buildScript(scriptList: string[]): Plugin {
const _scriptList = scriptList.map((src) => path.resolve(src));
async function buildScript(src: string) {
await build({
entryPoints: [src],
outfile: src.slice(0, src.length - 2) + "js",
format: "iife",
bundle: true,
platform: "browser",
sourcemap: "inline",
allowOverwrite: true,
});
console.log("构建完成: ", path.relative(path.resolve(), src));
}
return {
name: "vite-plugin-build-script",
async configureServer(server) {
server.watcher.add(_scriptList);
const scriptSet = new Set(_scriptList);
server.watcher.on("change", (filePath) => {
// console.log('change: ', filePath)
if (scriptSet.has(filePath)) {
buildScript(filePath);
}
});
},
async buildStart() {
// console.log('buildStart: ', this.meta.watchMode)
if (this.meta.watchMode) {
_scriptList.forEach((src) => this.addWatchFile(src));
}
await Promise.all(_scriptList.map(buildScript));
},
};
}
// https://vitejs.dev/config/
export default defineConfig({
plugins: [
reactRefresh(),
checker({ typescript: true }),
buildScript([path.resolve("src/utils/app/whitelistWorkerGlobalScope.ts")]),
],
});
现在,我们可以看到 web worker
中的全局 api 只有白名单中的那些了。
5、web worker 沙箱的主要优势
可以直接使用 chrome devtool
调试
直接支持 console/setTimeout/setInterval api
直接支持消息通信的
api
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