这篇文章主要介绍python如何实现gzip/deflate支持,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!
gzip/deflate支持
现在的网页普遍支持gzip压缩,这往往可以解决大量传输时间,以VeryCD的主页为例,未压缩版本247K,压缩了以后45K,为原来的1/5。这就意味着抓取速度会快5倍。
然而python的urllib/urllib2默认都不支持压缩,要返回压缩格式,必须在request的header里面写明’accept-encoding’,然后读取response后更要检查header查看是否有’content-encoding’一项来判断是否需要解码,很繁琐琐碎。如何让urllib2自动支持gzip, defalte呢?
其实可以继承BaseHanlder类,然后build_opener的方式来处理:
import urllib2from gzip import GzipFilefrom StringIO import StringIOclass ContentEncodingProcessor(urllib2.BaseHandler): """A handler to add gzip capabilities to urllib2 requests """ # add headers to requests def http_request(self, req): req.add_header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate") return req # decode def http_response(self, req, resp): old_resp = resp # gzip if resp.headers.get("content-encoding") == "gzip": gz = GzipFile( fileobj=StringIO(resp.read()), mode="r" ) resp = urllib2.addinfourl(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code) resp.msg = old_resp.msg # deflate if resp.headers.get("content-encoding") == "deflate": gz = StringIO( deflate(resp.read()) ) resp = urllib2.addinfourl(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code) # 'class to add info() and resp.msg = old_resp.msg return resp# deflate supportimport zlibdef deflate(data): # zlib only provides the zlib compress format, not the deflate format; try: # so on top of all there's this workaround: return zlib.decompress(data, -zlib.MAX_WBITS) except zlib.error: return zlib.decompress(data)然后就简单了,encoding_support = ContentEncodingProcessoropener = urllib2.build_opener( encoding_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler )#直接用opener打开网页,如果服务器支持gzip/defalte则自动解压缩content = opener.open(url).read()
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