python制作俄罗斯方块
简介
俄罗斯方块》（Tetris， 俄文：Тетрис）是一款由俄罗斯人阿列克谢·帕基特诺夫于1984年6月发明的休闲游戏。
该游戏曾经被多家公司代理过。经过多轮诉讼后，该游戏的代理权最终被任天堂获得。 [1] 任天堂对于俄罗斯方块来说意义重大，因为将它与GB搭配在一起后，获得了巨大的成功。 [1]
《俄罗斯方块》的基本规则是移动、旋转和摆放游戏自动输出的各种方块，使之排列成完整的一行或多行并且消除得分。
编码
搭建基础页面
首先是创建一个python文件
- 创建一个窗体，用来显示这个游戏的界面
代码
import tkinter as tk# 首先创建一个窗体win = tk.Tk()win.mainloop()运行结果
- 绘制格子
原理如下
- 画格子,这里主要应用的是tkinter里面Canvas功能。
代码如下
import tkinter as tk# 设置行数和列数row = 20col = 12# 设置每个格子的大小cell_size = 30# 设置窗口的高和宽height = row * cell_sizewidth = col * cell_size# 首先创建一个窗体win = tk.Tk()# 在画板上绘制格子def draw_cell(canvas, col, row, color="#CCCCCC"): x0 = col * cell_size y0 = row * cell_size x1 = col * cell_size + cell_size y1 = row * cell_size + cell_size # 创建矩形 canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color, outline="white", width=2)def draw_blank_board(canvas): for ri in range(row): for cj in range(col): draw_cell(canvas, cj, ri)# 绘制画布的长宽canvas = tk.Canvas(win, width=width, height=height)# 打包放置组件对象canvas.pack()draw_blank_board(canvas)win.mainloop()- 绘制俄罗斯方块
现根据这个规则绘制一个看看情况
代码讲解
import tkinter as tk# 设置行数和列数Row = 20Col = 12# 设置每个格子的大小cell_size = 30# 设置窗口的高和宽height = Row * cell_sizewidth = Col * cell_size# 设置不同形状的格子SHAPES = { "O": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 0)]}# 设置格子的颜色SHAPESCOLOR = { "O":"blue"}# 在画板上绘制格子def draw_cell_background(canvas, col, row, color="#CCCCCC"): x0 = col * cell_size y0 = row * cell_size x1 = col * cell_size + cell_size y1 = row * cell_size + cell_size # 创建矩形 canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color, outline="white", width=2)def draw_blank_board(canvas): for ri in range(Row): for cj in range(Col): draw_cell_background(canvas, cj, ri)def draw_cells(canvas, col, row, cell_list, color="#CCCCCC"): """ :param canvas: 画板对象 :param col: 这个形状的的原点所在的列 :param row: 这个形状所的原点所在的行 :param cell_list: 这个形状各个格子相对于自身的原点所处的位置坐标 :param color: 这个形状的颜色 :return: """ for cell in cell_list: cell_col, cell_row = cell ci = cell_col + col ri = cell_row + row # 判断是否越界 if 0 <= col < Col and 0 <= row < Row: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri, color)# 首先创建一个窗体win = tk.Tk()# 绘制画布的长宽canvas = tk.Canvas(win, width=width, height=height)# 打包放置组件对象canvas.pack()# 画背景draw_blank_board(canvas)# 开始画图形了， 这里是先测试一下draw_cells(canvas, 3, 3, SHAPES['O'], SHAPESCOLOR['O'])win.mainloop()运行结果，通过运行结果可以看出来没有太大的问题
- 绘制其他的样式的格子
这里是其他的格子的各种坐标，只需要往上面的代码中的SHAPES和SHAPESCOLOR中放就可以了。
演示代码
import tkinter as tk# 设置行数和列数Row = 20Col = 12# 设置每个格子的大小cell_size = 30# 设置窗口的高和宽height = Row * cell_sizewidth = Col * cell_size# 设置不同形状的格子SHAPES = { "O": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 0)], "S":[(-1, 0),(0, 0),(0, -1),(1, -1)], "T":[(-1, 0),(0, 0),(0, -1),(1, 0)], "I":[(0, 1),(0, 0),(0, -1),(0, -2)], "L":[(-1, 0),(0, 0),(-1, -1),(-1, -2)], "J":[(-1, 0),(0, 0),(0, 1),(0, -2)], "Z":[(-1, -1),(0, -1),(0, 0),(1, 0)]}# 设置格子的颜色SHAPESCOLOR = { "O":"blue", "S":"red", "T":"yellow", "I":"green", "L":"purple", "J":"orange", "Z":"Cyan",}# 在画板上绘制格子def draw_cell_background(canvas, col, row, color="#CCCCCC"): x0 = col * cell_size y0 = row * cell_size x1 = col * cell_size + cell_size y1 = row * cell_size + cell_size # 创建矩形 canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color, outline="white", width=2)def draw_blank_board(canvas): for ri in range(Row): for cj in range(Col): draw_cell_background(canvas, cj, ri)def draw_cells(canvas, col, row, cell_list, color="#CCCCCC"): """ :param canvas: 画板对象 :param col: 这个形状的的原点所在的列 :param row: 这个形状所的原点所在的行 :param cell_list: 这个形状各个格子相对于自身的原点所处的位置坐标 :param color: 这个形状的颜色 :return: """ for cell in cell_list: cell_col, cell_row = cell ci = cell_col + col ri = cell_row + row # 判断是否越界 if 0 <= col < Col and 0 <= row < Row: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri, color)# 首先创建一个窗体win = tk.Tk()# 绘制画布的长宽canvas = tk.Canvas(win, width=width, height=height)# 打包放置组件对象canvas.pack()# 画背景draw_blank_board(canvas)# 开始画图形了， 这里是先测试一下draw_cells(canvas, 3, 3, SHAPES['O'], SHAPESCOLOR['O'])draw_cells(canvas, 3, 8, SHAPES['S'], SHAPESCOLOR['S'])draw_cells(canvas, 3, 13, SHAPES['T'], SHAPESCOLOR['T'])draw_cells(canvas, 8, 3, SHAPES['I'], SHAPESCOLOR['I'])draw_cells(canvas, 8, 8, SHAPES['L'], SHAPESCOLOR['L'])draw_cells(canvas, 8, 13, SHAPES['J'], SHAPESCOLOR['J'])draw_cells(canvas, 5, 18, SHAPES['Z'], SHAPESCOLOR['Z'])win.mainloop()运行结果
通过测试这个各种的图形格子是完成了的。
让格子动起来
让这个格子使人感觉动起来，主要的原理就是设置一个刷新时间，然后这个格子不断的加载，然后不断的刷新，这样是利用的是game_loop(),draw_block_move(canvas, block, direction=[0,0])两个函数。
代码讲解
import tkinter as tkimport time# 设置行数和列数Row = 20Col = 12# 设置每个格子的大小cell_size = 30# 设置窗口的高和宽height = Row * cell_sizewidth = Col * cell_size# 设置不同形状的格子SHAPES = { "O": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 0)], "S":[(-1, 0),(0, 0),(0, -1),(1, -1)], "T":[(-1, 0),(0, 0),(0, -1),(1, 0)], "I":[(0, 1),(0, 0),(0, -1),(0, -2)], "L":[(-1, 0),(0, 0),(-1, -1),(-1, -2)], "J":[(-1, 0),(0, 0),(0, 1),(0, -2)], "Z":[(-1, -1),(0, -1),(0, 0),(1, 0)]}# 设置格子的颜色SHAPESCOLOR = { "O":"blue", "S":"red", "T":"yellow", "I":"green", "L":"purple", "J":"orange", "Z":"Cyan",}# 在画板上绘制格子def draw_cell_background(canvas, col, row, color="#CCCCCC"): x0 = col * cell_size y0 = row * cell_size x1 = col * cell_size + cell_size y1 = row * cell_size + cell_size # 创建矩形 canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color, outline="white", width=2)def draw_blank_board(canvas): for ri in range(Row): for cj in range(Col): draw_cell_background(canvas, cj, ri)def draw_cells(canvas, col, row, cell_list, color="#CCCCCC"): """ :param canvas: 画板对象 :param col: 这个形状的的原点所在的列 :param row: 这个形状所的原点所在的行 :param cell_list: 这个形状各个格子相对于自身的原点所处的位置坐标 :param color: 这个形状的颜色 :return: """ for cell in cell_list: cell_col, cell_row = cell ci = cell_col + col ri = cell_row + row # 判断是否越界 if 0 <= col < Col and 0 <= row < Row: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri, color)# 首先创建一个窗体win = tk.Tk()# 绘制画布的长宽canvas = tk.Canvas(win, width=width, height=height)# 打包放置组件对象canvas.pack()# 画背景draw_blank_board(canvas)# 开始画图形了， 这里是先测试一下# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 3, SHAPES['O'], SHAPESCOLOR['O'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 8, SHAPES['S'], SHAPESCOLOR['S'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 13, SHAPES['T'], SHAPESCOLOR['T'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 3, SHAPES['I'], SHAPESCOLOR['I'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 8, SHAPES['L'], SHAPESCOLOR['L'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 13, SHAPES['J'], SHAPESCOLOR['J'])# draw_cells(canvas, 5, 18, SHAPES['Z'], SHAPESCOLOR['Z'])# 设置格子的刷新频率，单位是毫秒FPS = 500# 定义让俄罗斯方块移动的方法def draw_block_move(canvas, block, direction=[0,0]): """ :param canvas: 面板对象 :param block: 俄罗斯方块 :param direction: 移动的方向 :return: """ shape_type = block['kind'] c, r = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] draw_cells(canvas, c, r, cell_list) dc, dr = direction new_c, new_r = c + dc, r + dr block['cr'] = [new_c, new_r] draw_cells(canvas, new_c, new_r, cell_list, SHAPESCOLOR[shape_type])# 用字典定义每个形状的属性one_block = { 'kind': 'O', # 对应俄罗斯方块的类型 'cell_list': SHAPES['O'], # 对应的每个俄罗斯方块的坐标 'cr': [3, 3], # 对应的行列坐标}draw_block_move(canvas, one_block)# 让游戏不断循环 通过递归实现def game_loop(): win.update() # 往下走 down = [0, 1] draw_block_move(canvas, one_block, down) win.after(FPS, game_loop) # 注意的是这个game_loop后面不能加括号game_loop()win.mainloop()运行结果
这里生成了一个，往下掉的小俄罗斯方块。
生成，固定，变换，移动
生成和固定
演示代码
import tkinter as tkimport random# 设置行数和列数Row = 20Col = 12# 设置格子的刷新频率，单位是毫秒FPS = 50# 设置每个格子的大小cell_size = 30# 设置窗口的高和宽height = Row * cell_sizewidth = Col * cell_size# 设置不同形状的格子SHAPES = { "Z": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0)], "O": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 0)], "S": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, -1)], "T": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, 0)], "I": [(0, 1), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)], "L": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (-1, -1), (-1, -2)], "J": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)]}# 设置格子的颜色SHAPESCOLOR = { "O":"blue", "S":"red", "T":"yellow", "I":"green", "L":"purple", "J":"orange", "Z":"Cyan",}# 在画板上绘制格子def draw_cell_background(canvas, col, row, color="#CCCCCC"): x0 = col * cell_size y0 = row * cell_size x1 = col * cell_size + cell_size y1 = row * cell_size + cell_size # 创建矩形 canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color, outline="white", width=2)# 绘制板块def draw_blank_board(canvas): for ri in range(Row): for cj in range(Col): draw_cell_background(canvas, cj, ri)# 绘制单元格def draw_cells(canvas, col, row, cell_list, color="#CCCCCC"): """ :param canvas: 画板对象 :param col: 这个形状的的原点所在的列 :param row: 这个形状所的原点所在的行 :param cell_list: 这个形状各个格子相对于自身的原点所处的位置坐标 :param color: 这个形状的颜色 :return: """ for cell in cell_list: cell_col, cell_row = cell ci = cell_col + col ri = cell_row + row # 判断是否越界 if 0 <= col < Col and 0 <= row < Row: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri, color)# 首先创建一个窗体win = tk.Tk()# 绘制画布的长宽canvas = tk.Canvas(win, width=width, height=height)# 打包放置组件对象canvas.pack()# 画背景draw_blank_board(canvas)block_list = []for i in range(Row): i_row = ['' for j in range(Col)] block_list.append(i_row)# 开始画图形了， 这里是先测试一下# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 3, SHAPES['O'], SHAPESCOLOR['O'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 8, SHAPES['S'], SHAPESCOLOR['S'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 13, SHAPES['T'], SHAPESCOLOR['T'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 3, SHAPES['I'], SHAPESCOLOR['I'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 8, SHAPES['L'], SHAPESCOLOR['L'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 13, SHAPES['J'], SHAPESCOLOR['J'])# draw_cells(canvas, 5, 18, SHAPES['Z'], SHAPESCOLOR['Z'])# 定义让俄罗斯方块移动的方法def draw_block_move(canvas, block, direction=[0,0]): """ :param canvas: 面板对象 :param block: 俄罗斯方块 :param direction: 移动的方向 :return: """ shape_type = block['kind'] c, r = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] draw_cells(canvas, c, r, cell_list) dc, dr = direction new_c, new_r = c + dc, r + dr block['cr'] = [new_c, new_r] draw_cells(canvas, new_c, new_r, cell_list, SHAPESCOLOR[shape_type])# 用字典定义每个形状的属性one_block = { 'kind': 'O', # 对应俄罗斯方块的类型 'cell_list': SHAPES['O'], # 对应的每个俄罗斯方块的坐标 'cr': [3, 3], # 对应的行列坐标}# 测试代码# draw_block_move(canvas, one_block)def product_new_block(): # 随机生成新的俄罗斯方块 kind = random.choice(list(SHAPES.keys())) cr = [Col // 2, 0] new_block = { "kind": kind, "cell_list": SHAPES[kind], 'cr': cr } return new_blockdef check_move(block, direction=[0,0]): """ :param block:俄罗斯方块的前身 :param direction: 移动方向 :return: boolean 是否可以朝着指定的方向移动 """ cc, cr = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c = cell_c + cc + direction[0] r = cell_r + cr + direction[1] # 判断边界 if c < 0 or c >= Col or r >= Row: return False # r >= 0是防止格子下不来的情况 if r >= 0 and block_list[r][c]: return False return True# 保存当前的俄罗斯方块到列表里面def save_to_block_list(block): shape_type = block['kind'] cc, cr = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c = cell_c + cc r = cell_r + cr block_list[r][c] = shape_type# 让游戏不断循环 通过递归实现def game_loop(): win.update() global current_block # 如果当前没有俄罗斯方块 产生一个新的 if current_block is None: # 生成新的俄罗斯方块 new_block = product_new_block() draw_block_move(canvas, new_block) current_block = new_block # 如果当前有了就往下走 else: if check_move(current_block, [0, 1]): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, [0, 1]) else: # 保存当前的俄罗斯方块 save_to_block_list(current_block) current_block = None win.after(FPS, game_loop) # 注意的是这个game_loop后面不能加括号# 当前的俄罗斯方块current_block = Nonegame_loop()win.mainloop()在这这里我们实现了这个俄罗斯方块的不断的生成，和俄罗斯方块的不断的叠加，基本实现了俄罗斯方块的生产功能。
运行结果
移动
运行结果
这个效果就是可以左右移动，具体代码看下面,主要依靠的是horizontal_move_block(event)这个函数的实现。
完整代码
import tkinter as tkimport random# 设置行数和列数Row = 20Col = 12# 设置格子的刷新频率，单位是毫秒FPS = 50# 设置每个格子的大小cell_size = 30# 设置窗口的高和宽height = Row * cell_sizewidth = Col * cell_size# 设置不同形状的格子SHAPES = { "Z": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0)], "O": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 0)], "S": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, -1)], "T": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, 0)], "I": [(0, 1), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)], "L": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (-1, -1), (-1, -2)], "J": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)]}# 设置格子的颜色SHAPESCOLOR = { "O":"blue", "S":"red", "T":"yellow", "I":"green", "L":"purple", "J":"orange", "Z":"Cyan",}# 在画板上绘制格子def draw_cell_background(canvas, col, row, color="#CCCCCC"): x0 = col * cell_size y0 = row * cell_size x1 = col * cell_size + cell_size y1 = row * cell_size + cell_size # 创建矩形 canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color, outline="white", width=2)# 绘制板块def draw_blank_board(canvas): for ri in range(Row): for cj in range(Col): draw_cell_background(canvas, cj, ri)# 绘制单元格def draw_cells(canvas, col, row, cell_list, color="#CCCCCC"): """ :param canvas: 画板对象 :param col: 这个形状的的原点所在的列 :param row: 这个形状所的原点所在的行 :param cell_list: 这个形状各个格子相对于自身的原点所处的位置坐标 :param color: 这个形状的颜色 :return: """ for cell in cell_list: cell_col, cell_row = cell ci = cell_col + col ri = cell_row + row # 判断是否越界 if 0 <= col < Col and 0 <= row < Row: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri, color)# 首先创建一个窗体win = tk.Tk()# 绘制画布的长宽canvas = tk.Canvas(win, width=width, height=height)# 打包放置组件对象canvas.pack()# 画背景draw_blank_board(canvas)block_list = []for i in range(Row): i_row = ['' for j in range(Col)] block_list.append(i_row)# 开始画图形了， 这里是先测试一下# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 3, SHAPES['O'], SHAPESCOLOR['O'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 8, SHAPES['S'], SHAPESCOLOR['S'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 13, SHAPES['T'], SHAPESCOLOR['T'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 3, SHAPES['I'], SHAPESCOLOR['I'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 8, SHAPES['L'], SHAPESCOLOR['L'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 13, SHAPES['J'], SHAPESCOLOR['J'])# draw_cells(canvas, 5, 18, SHAPES['Z'], SHAPESCOLOR['Z'])# 定义让俄罗斯方块移动的方法def draw_block_move(canvas, block, direction=[0,0]): """ :param canvas: 面板对象 :param block: 俄罗斯方块 :param direction: 移动的方向 :return: """ shape_type = block['kind'] c, r = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] draw_cells(canvas, c, r, cell_list) dc, dr = direction new_c, new_r = c + dc, r + dr block['cr'] = [new_c, new_r] draw_cells(canvas, new_c, new_r, cell_list, SHAPESCOLOR[shape_type])# 用字典定义每个形状的属性one_block = { 'kind': 'O', # 对应俄罗斯方块的类型 'cell_list': SHAPES['O'], # 对应的每个俄罗斯方块的坐标 'cr': [3, 3], # 对应的行列坐标}# 测试代码# draw_block_move(canvas, one_block)def product_new_block(): # 随机生成新的俄罗斯方块 kind = random.choice(list(SHAPES.keys())) cr = [Col // 2, 0] new_block = { "kind": kind, "cell_list": SHAPES[kind], 'cr': cr } return new_blockdef check_move(block, direction=[0,0]): """ :param block:俄罗斯方块的前身 :param direction: 移动方向 :return: boolean 是否可以朝着指定的方向移动 """ cc, cr = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c = cell_c + cc + direction[0] r = cell_r + cr + direction[1] # 判断边界 if c < 0 or c >= Col or r >= Row: return False # r >= 0是防止格子下不来的情况 if r >= 0 and block_list[r][c]: return False return True# 保存当前的俄罗斯方块到列表里面def save_to_block_list(block): shape_type = block['kind'] cc, cr = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c = cell_c + cc r = cell_r + cr block_list[r][c] = shape_typedef horizontal_move_block(event): """ 左右水平移动俄罗斯方块 event:键盘的监听事件 """ # 这里只设置了左右两个方向 direction = [0, 0] if event.keysym == 'Left': direction = [-1, 0] elif event.keysym == 'Right': direction = [1, 0] else: return global current_block if current_block is not None and check_move(current_block, direction): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, direction)# 让游戏不断循环 通过递归实现def game_loop(): win.update() global current_block # 如果当前没有俄罗斯方块 产生一个新的 if current_block is None: # 生成新的俄罗斯方块 new_block = product_new_block() draw_block_move(canvas, new_block) current_block = new_block # 如果当前有了就往下走 else: if check_move(current_block, [0, 1]): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, [0, 1]) else: # 保存当前的俄罗斯方块 save_to_block_list(current_block) current_block = None win.after(FPS, game_loop) # 注意的是这个game_loop后面不能加括号# 当前的俄罗斯方块current_block = None# 画布聚焦canvas.focus_set()# 添加左右移动的事件canvas.bind("" , horizontal_move_block)canvas.bind("" , horizontal_move_block)game_loop()win.mainloop()变换
这个是让这个俄罗斯方块的角度可以发生变换，主要的是利用这个函数，这个rotate_block是角度的旋转，这个land是马上下去的功能。
def rotate_block(event): global current_block if current_block is None: return cell_list = current_block['cell_list'] rotate_list = [] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell rotate_cell = [cell_r, -cell_c] rotate_list.append(rotate_cell) block_after_rotate = { 'kind': current_block['kind'], # 对应俄罗斯方块的类型 'cell_list': rotate_list, 'cr': current_block['cr'] } if check_move(block_after_rotate): cc, cr= current_block['cr'] draw_cells(canvas, cc, cr, current_block['cell_list']) draw_cells(canvas, cc, cr, rotate_list,SHAPESCOLOR[current_block['kind']]) current_block = block_after_rotate def land(event): global current_block if current_block is None: return cell_list = current_block['cell_list'] cc, cr = current_block['cr'] min_height = R for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c, r = cell_c + cc, cell_r + cr if block_list[r][c]: return h = 0 for ri in range(r+1, R): if block_list[ri][c]: break else: h += 1 if h < min_height: min_height = h down = [0, min_height] if check_move(current_block, down): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, down)完整的代码
import tkinter as tkimport random# 设置行数和列数Row = 20Col = 12# 设置格子的刷新频率，单位是毫秒FPS = 250# 设置每个格子的大小cell_size = 30# 设置窗口的高和宽height = Row * cell_sizewidth = Col * cell_size# 设置不同形状的格子SHAPES = { "Z": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0)], "O": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 0)], "S": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, -1)], "T": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, 0)], "I": [(0, 1), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)], "L": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (-1, -1), (-1, -2)], "J": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)]}# 设置格子的颜色SHAPESCOLOR = { "O":"blue", "S":"red", "T":"yellow", "I":"green", "L":"purple", "J":"orange", "Z":"Cyan",}# 在画板上绘制格子def draw_cell_background(canvas, col, row, color="#CCCCCC"): x0 = col * cell_size y0 = row * cell_size x1 = col * cell_size + cell_size y1 = row * cell_size + cell_size # 创建矩形 canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color, outline="white", width=2)# 绘制板块def draw_blank_board(canvas): for ri in range(Row): for cj in range(Col): draw_cell_background(canvas, cj, ri)# 绘制单元格def draw_cells(canvas, col, row, cell_list, color="#CCCCCC"): """ :param canvas: 画板对象 :param col: 这个形状的的原点所在的列 :param row: 这个形状所的原点所在的行 :param cell_list: 这个形状各个格子相对于自身的原点所处的位置坐标 :param color: 这个形状的颜色 :return: """ for cell in cell_list: cell_col, cell_row = cell ci = cell_col + col ri = cell_row + row # 判断是否越界 if 0 <= col < Col and 0 <= row < Row: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri, color)# 首先创建一个窗体win = tk.Tk()# 绘制画布的长宽canvas = tk.Canvas(win, width=width, height=height)# 打包放置组件对象canvas.pack()# 画背景draw_blank_board(canvas)block_list = []for i in range(Row): i_row = ['' for j in range(Col)] block_list.append(i_row)# 开始画图形了， 这里是先测试一下# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 3, SHAPES['O'], SHAPESCOLOR['O'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 8, SHAPES['S'], SHAPESCOLOR['S'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 13, SHAPES['T'], SHAPESCOLOR['T'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 3, SHAPES['I'], SHAPESCOLOR['I'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 8, SHAPES['L'], SHAPESCOLOR['L'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 13, SHAPES['J'], SHAPESCOLOR['J'])# draw_cells(canvas, 5, 18, SHAPES['Z'], SHAPESCOLOR['Z'])# 定义让俄罗斯方块移动的方法def draw_block_move(canvas, block, direction=[0,0]): """ :param canvas: 面板对象 :param block: 俄罗斯方块 :param direction: 移动的方向 :return: """ shape_type = block['kind'] c, r = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] draw_cells(canvas, c, r, cell_list) dc, dr = direction new_c, new_r = c + dc, r + dr block['cr'] = [new_c, new_r] draw_cells(canvas, new_c, new_r, cell_list, SHAPESCOLOR[shape_type])# 用字典定义每个形状的属性one_block = { 'kind': 'O', # 对应俄罗斯方块的类型 'cell_list': SHAPES['O'], # 对应的每个俄罗斯方块的坐标 'cr': [3, 3], # 对应的行列坐标}# 测试代码# draw_block_move(canvas, one_block)def product_new_block(): # 随机生成新的俄罗斯方块 kind = random.choice(list(SHAPES.keys())) cr = [Col // 2, 0] new_block = { "kind": kind, "cell_list": SHAPES[kind], 'cr': cr } return new_blockdef check_move(block, direction=[0,0]): """ :param block:俄罗斯方块的前身 :param direction: 移动方向 :return: boolean 是否可以朝着指定的方向移动 """ cc, cr = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c = cell_c + cc + direction[0] r = cell_r + cr + direction[1] # 判断边界 if c < 0 or c >= Col or r >= Row: return False # r >= 0是防止格子下不来的情况 if r >= 0 and block_list[r][c]: return False return True# 保存当前的俄罗斯方块到列表里面def save_to_block_list(block): shape_type = block['kind'] cc, cr = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c = cell_c + cc r = cell_r + cr block_list[r][c] = shape_typedef horizontal_move_block(event): """ 左右水平移动俄罗斯方块 event:键盘的监听事件 """ # 这里只设置了左右两个方向 direction = [0, 0] if event.keysym == 'Left': direction = [-1, 0] elif event.keysym == 'Right': direction = [1, 0] else: return global current_block if current_block is not None and check_move(current_block, direction): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, direction)def rotate_block(event): global current_block if current_block is None: return cell_list = current_block['cell_list'] rotate_list = [] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell rotate_cell = [cell_r, -cell_c] rotate_list.append(rotate_cell) block_after_rotate = { 'kind': current_block['kind'], # 对应俄罗斯方块的类型 'cell_list': rotate_list, 'cr': current_block['cr'] } if check_move(block_after_rotate): cc, cr = current_block['cr'] draw_cells(canvas, cc, cr, current_block['cell_list']) draw_cells(canvas, cc, cr, rotate_list, SHAPESCOLOR[current_block['kind']]) current_block = block_after_rotatedef land(event): global current_block if current_block is None: return cell_list = current_block['cell_list'] cc, cr = current_block['cr'] min_height = Row for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c, r = cell_c + cc, cell_r + cr if block_list[r][c]: return h = 0 for ri in range(r + 1, Row): if block_list[ri][c]: break else: h += 1 if h < min_height: min_height = h down = [0, min_height] if check_move(current_block, down): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, down)# 让游戏不断循环 通过递归实现def game_loop(): win.update() global current_block # 如果当前没有俄罗斯方块 产生一个新的 if current_block is None: # 生成新的俄罗斯方块 new_block = product_new_block() draw_block_move(canvas, new_block) current_block = new_block # 如果当前有了就往下走 else: if check_move(current_block, [0, 1]): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, [0, 1]) else: # 保存当前的俄罗斯方块 save_to_block_list(current_block) current_block = None win.after(FPS, game_loop) # 注意的是这个game_loop后面不能加括号# 当前的俄罗斯方块current_block = None# 画布聚焦canvas.focus_set()# 添加左右移动的事件canvas.bind("" , horizontal_move_block)canvas.bind("" , horizontal_move_block)# 添加变化角度的事件canvas.bind("" , rotate_block)canvas.bind("" , land)game_loop()win.mainloop()运行结果
现在这个俄罗斯方块可以上下角度变化了。
清除与得分
在这版本中，实现了清除与得分的功能，每次清除这个俄罗斯方块，都可以+10的奖励，最后当不可以继续下去了，这个游戏就结束了，然后就退出了。
import tkinter as tkfrom tkinter import messageboximport random# 设置行数和列数Row = 20Col = 12# 设置格子的刷新频率，单位是毫秒FPS = 150# 设置每个格子的大小cell_size = 30# 设置窗口的高和宽height = Row * cell_sizewidth = Col * cell_size# 设置不同形状的格子SHAPES = { "Z": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0)], "O": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 0)], "S": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, -1)], "T": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, 0)], "I": [(0, 1), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)], "L": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (-1, -1), (-1, -2)], "J": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)]}# 设置格子的颜色SHAPESCOLOR = { "O":"blue", "S":"red", "T":"yellow", "I":"green", "L":"purple", "J":"orange", "Z":"Cyan",}# 绘制面板，将draw_blank_board方法修改成如下方法def draw_board(canvas, block_list): for ri in range(Row): for ci in range(Col): cell_type = block_list[ri][ci] if cell_type: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri, SHAPESCOLOR[cell_type]) else: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri)# 在画板上绘制格子def draw_cell_background(canvas, col, row, color="#CCCCCC"): x0 = col * cell_size y0 = row * cell_size x1 = col * cell_size + cell_size y1 = row * cell_size + cell_size # 创建矩形 canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color, outline="white", width=2)# 绘制板块def draw_blank_board(canvas): for ri in range(Row): for cj in range(Col): draw_cell_background(canvas, cj, ri)# 绘制单元格def draw_cells(canvas, col, row, cell_list, color="#CCCCCC"): """ :param canvas: 画板对象 :param col: 这个形状的的原点所在的列 :param row: 这个形状所的原点所在的行 :param cell_list: 这个形状各个格子相对于自身的原点所处的位置坐标 :param color: 这个形状的颜色 :return: """ for cell in cell_list: cell_col, cell_row = cell ci = cell_col + col ri = cell_row + row # 判断是否越界 if 0 <= col < Col and 0 <= row < Row: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri, color)# 首先创建一个窗体win = tk.Tk()# 绘制画布的长宽canvas = tk.Canvas(win, width=width, height=height)# 打包放置组件对象canvas.pack()# 画背景block_list = []for i in range(Row): i_row = ['' for j in range(Col)] block_list.append(i_row)draw_board(canvas, block_list)# 开始画图形了， 这里是先测试一下# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 3, SHAPES['O'], SHAPESCOLOR['O'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 8, SHAPES['S'], SHAPESCOLOR['S'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 13, SHAPES['T'], SHAPESCOLOR['T'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 3, SHAPES['I'], SHAPESCOLOR['I'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 8, SHAPES['L'], SHAPESCOLOR['L'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 13, SHAPES['J'], SHAPESCOLOR['J'])# draw_cells(canvas, 5, 18, SHAPES['Z'], SHAPESCOLOR['Z'])# 定义让俄罗斯方块移动的方法def draw_block_move(canvas, block, direction=[0,0]): """ :param canvas: 面板对象 :param block: 俄罗斯方块 :param direction: 移动的方向 :return: """ shape_type = block['kind'] c, r = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] draw_cells(canvas, c, r, cell_list) dc, dr = direction new_c, new_r = c + dc, r + dr block['cr'] = [new_c, new_r] draw_cells(canvas, new_c, new_r, cell_list, SHAPESCOLOR[shape_type])# 用字典定义每个形状的属性one_block = { 'kind': 'O', # 对应俄罗斯方块的类型 'cell_list': SHAPES['O'], # 对应的每个俄罗斯方块的坐标 'cr': [3, 3], # 对应的行列坐标}# 测试代码# draw_block_move(canvas, one_block)def product_new_block(): # 随机生成新的俄罗斯方块 kind = random.choice(list(SHAPES.keys())) cr = [Col // 2, 0] new_block = { "kind": kind, "cell_list": SHAPES[kind], 'cr': cr } return new_blockdef check_move(block, direction=[0,0]): """ :param block:俄罗斯方块的前身 :param direction: 移动方向 :return: boolean 是否可以朝着指定的方向移动 """ cc, cr = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c = cell_c + cc + direction[0] r = cell_r + cr + direction[1] # 判断边界 if c < 0 or c >= Col or r >= Row: return False # r >= 0是防止格子下不来的情况 if r >= 0 and block_list[r][c]: return False return True# 保存当前的俄罗斯方块到列表里面def save_to_block_list(block): shape_type = block['kind'] cc, cr = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c = cell_c + cc r = cell_r + cr block_list[r][c] = shape_typedef horizontal_move_block(event): """ 左右水平移动俄罗斯方块 event:键盘的监听事件 """ # 这里只设置了左右两个方向 direction = [0, 0] if event.keysym == 'Left': direction = [-1, 0] elif event.keysym == 'Right': direction = [1, 0] else: return global current_block if current_block is not None and check_move(current_block, direction): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, direction)def rotate_block(event): global current_block if current_block is None: return cell_list = current_block['cell_list'] rotate_list = [] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell rotate_cell = [cell_r, -cell_c] rotate_list.append(rotate_cell) block_after_rotate = { 'kind': current_block['kind'], # 对应俄罗斯方块的类型 'cell_list': rotate_list, 'cr': current_block['cr'] } if check_move(block_after_rotate): cc, cr = current_block['cr'] draw_cells(canvas, cc, cr, current_block['cell_list']) draw_cells(canvas, cc, cr, rotate_list, SHAPESCOLOR[current_block['kind']]) current_block = block_after_rotatedef land(event): global current_block if current_block is None: return cell_list = current_block['cell_list'] cc, cr = current_block['cr'] min_height = Row for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c, r = cell_c + cc, cell_r + cr if block_list[r][c]: return h = 0 for ri in range(r + 1, Row): if block_list[ri][c]: break else: h += 1 if h < min_height: min_height = h down = [0, min_height] if check_move(current_block, down): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, down)# 在原有的rotate_block方法（外）下面添加def check_row_complete(row): for cell in row: if cell == '': return False return Truescore = 0win.title("SCORES: %s" % score) # 标题中展示分数def check_and_clear(): has_complete_row = False for ri in range(len(block_list)): if check_row_complete(block_list[ri]): has_complete_row = True # 当前行可消除 if ri > 0: for cur_ri in range(ri, 0, -1): block_list[cur_ri] = block_list[cur_ri - 1][:] block_list[0] = ['' for j in range(Col)] else: block_list[ri] = ['' for j in range(Col)] global score # 每消除一次 加10分 score += 10 if has_complete_row: draw_board(canvas, block_list) # 重新绘制 win.title("SCORES: %s" % score)# 让游戏不断循环 通过递归实现def game_loop(): win.update() global current_block # 如果当前没有俄罗斯方块 产生一个新的 if current_block is None: # 生成新的俄罗斯方块 new_block = product_new_block() draw_block_move(canvas, new_block) current_block = new_block # 游戏结束 if not check_move(current_block, [0, 0]): messagebox.showinfo("Game Over!", "Your Score is %s" % score) win.destroy() return # 如果当前有了就往下走 else: if check_move(current_block, [0, 1]): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, [0, 1]) else: # 保存当前的俄罗斯方块 save_to_block_list(current_block) current_block = None # 游戏结束 check_and_clear() win.after(FPS, game_loop) # 注意的是这个game_loop后面不能加括号# 当前的俄罗斯方块current_block = None# 画布聚焦canvas.focus_set()# 添加左右移动的事件canvas.bind("" , horizontal_move_block)canvas.bind("" , horizontal_move_block)# 添加变化角度的事件canvas.bind("" , rotate_block)canvas.bind("" , land)game_loop()win.mainloop()运行结果
这个是游戏最后的样子，其实可以后面再加一个数据库的功能，记录每一次的得分结果。
完整代码
import tkinter as tkfrom tkinter import messageboximport random# 设置行数和列数Row = 20Col = 12# 设置格子的刷新频率，单位是毫秒FPS = 150# 设置每个格子的大小cell_size = 30# 设置窗口的高和宽height = Row * cell_sizewidth = Col * cell_size# 设置不同形状的格子SHAPES = { "Z": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0)], "O": [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 0)], "S": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, -1)], "T": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (1, 0)], "I": [(0, 1), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)], "L": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (-1, -1), (-1, -2)], "J": [(-1, 0), (0, 0), (0, -1), (0, -2)]}# 设置格子的颜色SHAPESCOLOR = { "O":"blue", "S":"red", "T":"yellow", "I":"green", "L":"purple", "J":"orange", "Z":"Cyan",}# 绘制面板，将draw_blank_board方法修改成如下方法def draw_board(canvas, block_list): for ri in range(Row): for ci in range(Col): cell_type = block_list[ri][ci] if cell_type: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri, SHAPESCOLOR[cell_type]) else: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri)# 在画板上绘制格子def draw_cell_background(canvas, col, row, color="#CCCCCC"): x0 = col * cell_size y0 = row * cell_size x1 = col * cell_size + cell_size y1 = row * cell_size + cell_size # 创建矩形 canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill=color, outline="white", width=2)# 绘制板块def draw_blank_board(canvas): for ri in range(Row): for cj in range(Col): draw_cell_background(canvas, cj, ri)# 绘制单元格def draw_cells(canvas, col, row, cell_list, color="#CCCCCC"): """ :param canvas: 画板对象 :param col: 这个形状的的原点所在的列 :param row: 这个形状所的原点所在的行 :param cell_list: 这个形状各个格子相对于自身的原点所处的位置坐标 :param color: 这个形状的颜色 :return: """ for cell in cell_list: cell_col, cell_row = cell ci = cell_col + col ri = cell_row + row # 判断是否越界 if 0 <= col < Col and 0 <= row < Row: draw_cell_background(canvas, ci, ri, color)# 首先创建一个窗体win = tk.Tk()# 绘制画布的长宽canvas = tk.Canvas(win, width=width, height=height)# 打包放置组件对象canvas.pack()# 画背景block_list = []for i in range(Row): i_row = ['' for j in range(Col)] block_list.append(i_row)draw_board(canvas, block_list)# 开始画图形了， 这里是先测试一下# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 3, SHAPES['O'], SHAPESCOLOR['O'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 8, SHAPES['S'], SHAPESCOLOR['S'])# draw_cells(canvas, 3, 13, SHAPES['T'], SHAPESCOLOR['T'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 3, SHAPES['I'], SHAPESCOLOR['I'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 8, SHAPES['L'], SHAPESCOLOR['L'])# draw_cells(canvas, 8, 13, SHAPES['J'], SHAPESCOLOR['J'])# draw_cells(canvas, 5, 18, SHAPES['Z'], SHAPESCOLOR['Z'])# 定义让俄罗斯方块移动的方法def draw_block_move(canvas, block, direction=[0,0]): """ :param canvas: 面板对象 :param block: 俄罗斯方块 :param direction: 移动的方向 :return: """ shape_type = block['kind'] c, r = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] draw_cells(canvas, c, r, cell_list) dc, dr = direction new_c, new_r = c + dc, r + dr block['cr'] = [new_c, new_r] draw_cells(canvas, new_c, new_r, cell_list, SHAPESCOLOR[shape_type])# 用字典定义每个形状的属性one_block = { 'kind': 'O', # 对应俄罗斯方块的类型 'cell_list': SHAPES['O'], # 对应的每个俄罗斯方块的坐标 'cr': [3, 3], # 对应的行列坐标}# 测试代码# draw_block_move(canvas, one_block)def product_new_block(): # 随机生成新的俄罗斯方块 kind = random.choice(list(SHAPES.keys())) cr = [Col // 2, 0] new_block = { "kind": kind, "cell_list": SHAPES[kind], 'cr': cr } return new_blockdef check_move(block, direction=[0,0]): """ :param block:俄罗斯方块的前身 :param direction: 移动方向 :return: boolean 是否可以朝着指定的方向移动 """ cc, cr = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c = cell_c + cc + direction[0] r = cell_r + cr + direction[1] # 判断边界 if c < 0 or c >= Col or r >= Row: return False # r >= 0是防止格子下不来的情况 if r >= 0 and block_list[r][c]: return False return True# 保存当前的俄罗斯方块到列表里面def save_to_block_list(block): shape_type = block['kind'] cc, cr = block['cr'] cell_list = block['cell_list'] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c = cell_c + cc r = cell_r + cr block_list[r][c] = shape_typedef horizontal_move_block(event): """ 左右水平移动俄罗斯方块 event:键盘的监听事件 """ # 这里只设置了左右两个方向 direction = [0, 0] if event.keysym == 'Left': direction = [-1, 0] elif event.keysym == 'Right': direction = [1, 0] else: return global current_block if current_block is not None and check_move(current_block, direction): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, direction)def rotate_block(event): global current_block if current_block is None: return cell_list = current_block['cell_list'] rotate_list = [] for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell rotate_cell = [cell_r, -cell_c] rotate_list.append(rotate_cell) block_after_rotate = { 'kind': current_block['kind'], # 对应俄罗斯方块的类型 'cell_list': rotate_list, 'cr': current_block['cr'] } if check_move(block_after_rotate): cc, cr = current_block['cr'] draw_cells(canvas, cc, cr, current_block['cell_list']) draw_cells(canvas, cc, cr, rotate_list, SHAPESCOLOR[current_block['kind']]) current_block = block_after_rotatedef land(event): global current_block if current_block is None: return cell_list = current_block['cell_list'] cc, cr = current_block['cr'] min_height = Row for cell in cell_list: cell_c, cell_r = cell c, r = cell_c + cc, cell_r + cr if block_list[r][c]: return h = 0 for ri in range(r + 1, Row): if block_list[ri][c]: break else: h += 1 if h < min_height: min_height = h down = [0, min_height] if check_move(current_block, down): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, down)# 在原有的rotate_block方法（外）下面添加def check_row_complete(row): for cell in row: if cell == '': return False return Truescore = 0win.title("SCORES: %s" % score) # 标题中展示分数def check_and_clear(): has_complete_row = False for ri in range(len(block_list)): if check_row_complete(block_list[ri]): has_complete_row = True # 当前行可消除 if ri > 0: for cur_ri in range(ri, 0, -1): block_list[cur_ri] = block_list[cur_ri - 1][:] block_list[0] = ['' for j in range(Col)] else: block_list[ri] = ['' for j in range(Col)] global score # 每消除一次 加10分 score += 10 if has_complete_row: draw_board(canvas, block_list) # 重新绘制 win.title("SCORES: %s" % score)# 让游戏不断循环 通过递归实现def game_loop(): win.update() global current_block # 如果当前没有俄罗斯方块 产生一个新的 if current_block is None: # 生成新的俄罗斯方块 new_block = product_new_block() draw_block_move(canvas, new_block) current_block = new_block # 游戏结束 if not check_move(current_block, [0, 0]): messagebox.showinfo("Game Over!", "Your Score is %s" % score) win.destroy() return # 如果当前有了就往下走 else: if check_move(current_block, [0, 1]): draw_block_move(canvas, current_block, [0, 1]) else: # 保存当前的俄罗斯方块 save_to_block_list(current_block) current_block = None # 游戏结束 check_and_clear() win.after(FPS, game_loop) # 注意的是这个game_loop后面不能加括号# 当前的俄罗斯方块current_block = None# 画布聚焦canvas.focus_set()# 添加左右移动的事件canvas.bind("" , horizontal_move_block)canvas.bind("" , horizontal_move_block)# 添加变化角度的事件canvas.bind("" , rotate_block)canvas.bind("" , land)game_loop()win.mainloop()来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_51447496/article/details/128880517
