springboot 拦截器
实际项目中,我们经常需要输出请求参数,响应结果,方法耗时,统一的权限校验等。
本文首先为大家介绍 HTTP 请求中三种常见的拦截实现,并且比较一下其中的差异。
(1)基于 Aspect 的拦截器
(2)基于 HandlerInterceptor 的拦截器
(3)基于 ResponseBodyAdvice 的拦截器
推荐阅读:
统一日志框架: https://github.com/houbb/auto-log
springboot 入门案例
为了便于大家学习,我们首先从最基本的 springboot 例子讲起。
maven 引入
引入必须的 jar 包。
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>1.8.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- Package as an executable jar -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
启动类
实现最简单的启动类。
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
定义 Controller
为了演示方便,我们首先实现一个简单的 controller。
@RestController
public class IndexController {
@RequestMapping("/index")
public AsyncResp index() {
AsyncResp asyncResp = new AsyncResp();
asyncResp.setResult("ok");
asyncResp.setRespCode("00");
asyncResp.setRespDesc("成功");
System.out.println("IndexController#index:" + asyncResp);
return asyncResp;
}
}
其中 AsyncResp 的定义如下:
public class AsyncResp {
private String respCode;
private String respDesc;
private String result;
// getter & setter & toString()
}
拦截器定义
基于 Aspect
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Arrays;
@Aspect
@Component
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
public class AspectLogInterceptor {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AspectLogInterceptor.class);
@Pointcut("execution(public * com.github.houbb.springboot.learn.aspect.controller..*(..))")
public void pointCut() {
//
}
@Around("pointCut()")
public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint point) throws Throwable {
try {
//1. 设置 MDC
// 获取当前拦截的方法签名
String signatureShortStr = point.getSignature().toShortString();
//2. 打印入参信息
Object[] args = point.getArgs();
LOG.info("{} 参数: {}", signatureShortStr, Arrays.toString(args));
//3. 打印结果
Object result = point.proceed();
LOG.info("{} 结果: {}", signatureShortStr, result);
return result;
} finally {
// 移除 mdc
}
}
}
这种实现的优点是比较通用,可以结合注解实现更加灵活强大的功能。
是个人非常喜欢的一种方式。
主要用途:
(1)日志的出参/入参
(2)统一设置 TraceId
(3)方法的调用耗时统计
基于 HandlerInterceptor
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@Component
public class LogHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogHandlerInterceptor.class);
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
// 统一的权限校验、路由等
logger.info("LogHandlerInterceptor#preHandle 请求地址:{}", request.getRequestURI());
if (request.getDispatcherType().equals(DispatcherType.ASYNC)) {
return true;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
logger.info("LogHandlerInterceptor#postHandle 调用");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
}
}
然后需要指定对应的 url 和拦截器之间的关系才会生效:
import com.github.houbb.springboot.learn.aspect.aspect.LogHandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
@Configuration
public class SpringMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private LogHandlerInterceptor logHandlerInterceptor;
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(logHandlerInterceptor)
.addPathPatterns("
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyResponseBodyAdvice.class);
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Class aClass) {
//这个地方如果返回false, 不会执行 beforeBodyWrite 方法
return true;
}
@Override
public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object resp, MethodParameter methodParameter, MediaType mediaType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> aClass, ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse) {
String uri = serverHttpRequest.getURI().getPath();
LOG.info("MyResponseBodyAdvice#beforeBodyWrite 请求地址:{}", uri);
ServletServerHttpRequest servletServerHttpRequest = (ServletServerHttpRequest) serverHttpRequest;
HttpServletRequest servletRequest = servletServerHttpRequest.getServletRequest();
// 可以做统一的拦截器处理
// 可以对结果做动态修改等
LOG.info("MyResponseBodyAdvice#beforeBodyWrite 响应结果:{}", resp);
return resp;
}
}
测试
我们启动应用,页面访问:
http://localhost:18080/index
页面响应:
{"respCode":"00","respDesc":"成功","result":"ok"}
后端日志:
c.g.h.s.l.a.a.LogHandlerInterceptor : LogHandlerInterceptor#preHandle 请求地址:/index
c.g.h.s.l.a.aspect.AspectLogInterceptor : IndexController.index() 参数: []
IndexController#index:AsyncResp{respCode='00', respDesc='成功', result='ok'}
c.g.h.s.l.a.aspect.AspectLogInterceptor : IndexController.index() 结果: AsyncResp{respCode='00', respDesc='成功', result='ok'}
c.g.h.s.l.a.aspect.MyResponseBodyAdvice : MyResponseBodyAdvice#beforeBodyWrite 请求地址:/index
c.g.h.s.l.a.aspect.MyResponseBodyAdvice : MyResponseBodyAdvice#beforeBodyWrite 响应结果:AsyncResp{respCode='00', respDesc='成功', result='ok'}
c.g.h.s.l.a.a.LogHandlerInterceptor : LogHandlerInterceptor#postHandle 调用
这里执行的先后顺序也比较明确,此处不再赘述。
异步执行
当然,如果只是上面这些内容,并不是本篇文章的重点。
接下来,我们一起来看下,如果引入了异步执行会怎么样。
定义异步线程池
springboot 中定义异步线程池,非常简单。
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.task.AsyncTaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class SpringAsyncConfig {
@Bean(name = "asyncPoolTaskExecutor")
public AsyncTaskExecutor taskExecutor() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
executor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
executor.setQueueCapacity(10);
executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
executor.setWaitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown(true);
return executor;
}
}
异步执行的 Controller
@RestController
public class MyAsyncController extends BaseAsyncController<String> {
@Override
protected String process(HttpServletRequest request) {
return "ok";
}
@RequestMapping("/async")
public AsyncResp hello(HttpServletRequest request) {
AsyncResp resp = super.execute(request);
System.out.println("Controller#async 结果:" + resp);
return resp;
}
}
其中 BaseAsyncController 的实现如下:
@RestController
public abstract class BaseAsyncController<T> {
protected abstract T process(HttpServletRequest request);
@Autowired
private AsyncTaskExecutor taskExecutor;
protected AsyncResp execute(HttpServletRequest request) {
// 异步响应结果
AsyncResp resp = new AsyncResp();
try {
taskExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
T result = process(request);
resp.setRespCode("00");
resp.setRespDesc("成功");
resp.setResult(result.toString());
} catch (Exception exception) {
resp.setRespCode("98");
resp.setRespDesc("任务异常");
}
}
});
} catch (TaskRejectedException e) {
resp.setRespCode("99");
resp.setRespDesc("任务拒绝");
}
return resp;
}
}
execute 的实现也比较简单:
(1)主线程创建一个 AsyncResp,用于返回。
(2)线程池异步执行具体的子类方法,并且设置对应的值。
思考
接下来,问大家一个问题。
如果我们请求 http://localhost:18080/async,那么:
(1)页面得到的返回值是什么?
(2)Aspect 日志输出的返回值是?
(3)ResponseBodyAdvice 日志输出的返回值是什么?
你可以在这里稍微停一下,记录下你的答案。
测试
我们页面请求 http://localhost:18080/async。
页面响应如下:
{"respCode":"00","respDesc":"成功","result":"ok"}
后端的日志:
c.g.h.s.l.a.a.LogHandlerInterceptor : LogHandlerInterceptor#preHandle 请求地址:/async
c.g.h.s.l.a.aspect.AspectLogInterceptor : MyAsyncController.hello(..) 参数: [org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade@7e931750]
Controller#async 结果:AsyncResp{respCode='null', respDesc='null', result='null'}
c.g.h.s.l.a.aspect.AspectLogInterceptor : MyAsyncController.hello(..) 结果: AsyncResp{respCode='null', respDesc='null', result='null'}
c.g.h.s.l.a.aspect.MyResponseBodyAdvice : MyResponseBodyAdvice#beforeBodyWrite 请求地址:/async
c.g.h.s.l.a.aspect.MyResponseBodyAdvice : MyResponseBodyAdvice#beforeBodyWrite 响应结果:AsyncResp{respCode='00', respDesc='成功', result='ok'}
c.g.h.s.l.a.a.LogHandlerInterceptor : LogHandlerInterceptor#postHandle 调用
对比一下,可以发现我们上面问题的答案:
(1)页面得到的返回值是什么?
{"respCode":"00","respDesc":"成功","result":"ok"}
可以获取到异步执行完成的结果。
(2)Aspect 日志输出的返回值是?
AsyncResp{respCode='null', respDesc='null', result='null'}
无法获取异步结果。
(3)ResponseBodyAdvice 日志输出的返回值是什么?
AsyncResp{respCode='00', respDesc='成功', result='ok'}
可以获取到异步执行完成的结果。
反思
可以发现,spring 对于页面的响应也许和我们想的有些不一样,并不是直接获取同步结果。
写到这里,发现自己对于 mvc 的理解一直只是停留在表面,没有真正理解整个流程。
Aspect 的形式在很多框架中都会使用,不过这里会发现无法获取异步的执行结果,存在一定问题。
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