众所周知，docker 排查问题相较而言是困难的。因此，熟知一些常用命令对我们快速的排查定位问题是非常有帮助的。下面让我们一起来学习一下吧?
1、显示docker的系统信息
docker info
[root@xiao docker]# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.1-docker)
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc.)
Server:
Containers: 8
Running: 5
Paused: 0
Stopped: 3
Images: 16
Server Version: 20.10.8
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: e25210fe30a0a703442421b0f60afac609f950a3
runc version: v1.0.1-0-g4144b63
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1062.1.2.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.795GiB
Name: xiao
ID: SR3Y:RSZT:2ZAE:M33P:O2LT:55KN:A3XY:WE7V:QXJY:7Z32:M34L:NX7N
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://4h8ex9ed.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
[root@xiao docker]#docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker --help文档地址： https://docs.docker.com/reference/
port # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause # 暂停容器
ps # 容器列表
pull # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
push # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
restart # 重启运行的容器
rm # 移除一个或多个容器
rmi # 移除一个或多个镜像 （无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需要删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除）
run # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包【对应 load】
search # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
start # 启动容器
stop # 停止容器
tag # 给源中镜像打标签
top # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause # 取消暂停容器
version # 查看 docker版本号
wait # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
attach # Attach to a running container #当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像
build # Build an image from a Dockerfile #通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit # Create a new image from a containers changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp # Copy files/folders from a container to a HOSTDIR or to STDOUT #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
create # Create a new container #创建一个新的容器，同run 但不启动容器
diff # Inspect changes on a containers filesystem #查看docker容器变化
events # Get real time events from the server#从docker服务获取容器实时事件
exec # Run a command in a running container#在已存在的容器上运行命令
export # Export a containers filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件(对应import)
history # Show the history of an image #展示一个镜像形成历史
inspect # 查看容器详细信息
kill # kill 指定的容器2、镜像命令
docker images
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
jenkins/jenkins latest ba8a0e5dc5cb 4 months ago 570MB
nginx latest d1a364dc548d 4 months ago 133MB
portainer/portainer latest 580c0e4e98b0 6 months ago 79.1MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 6 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY: 镜像仓库源
TAG: 镜像版本信息
IMAGE ID: 镜像的ID
CREATED: 镜像的创建实际爱你
SIZE: 镜像的大小
可选参数
docker images
-a : (--all) 列出所有镜像
-q : (--quiet) 只显示镜像ID2.1、搜索镜像
docker search [xxx]
docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11470 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4354 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 848 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 555 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 332 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 91 [OK]
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索start数大于3000的
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11470 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4354 [OK]2.2、拉取镜像
hub 搜索
docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
# eg
docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag, 默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a330b6cecb98: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
9c8f656c32b8: Pull complete
88e473c3f553: Pull complete
062463ea5d2f: Pull complete
daf7e3bdf4b6: Pull complete
1839c0b7aac9: Pull complete
cf0a0cfee6d0: Pull complete
1b42041bb11e: Pull complete
10459d86c7e6: Pull complete
b7199599d5f9: Pull complete
1d6f51e17d45: Pull complete
50e0789bacad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:99e0989e7e3797cfbdb8d51a19d32c8d286dd8862794d01a547651a896bcf00c # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
----
docker pull mysql
等价于
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
---
# 指定tag
docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a330b6cecb98: Already exists # 联合文件系统，已存在的不再重复下载
9c8f656c32b8: Already exists
88e473c3f553: Already exists
062463ea5d2f: Already exists
daf7e3bdf4b6: Already exists
1839c0b7aac9: Already exists
cf0a0cfee6d0: Already exists
fae7a809788c: Pull complete # 下载不存在的
dae5a82a61f0: Pull complete
7063da9569eb: Pull complete
51a9a9b4ef36: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
---
#查看
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 1d7aba917169 3 weeks ago 448MB
mysql latest 0716d6ebcc1a 3 weeks ago 514MB
jenkins/jenkins latest ba8a0e5dc5cb 4 months ago 570MB
nginx latest d1a364dc548d 4 months ago 133MB
portainer/portainer latest 580c0e4e98b0 6 months ago 79.1MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 6 months ago 13.3kB2.3、删除镜像
docker rmi -f [镜像名、镜像ID]
docker rmi -f [镜像名、镜像ID]
docker rmi -f 1d7aba917169
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291
Deleted: sha256:1d7aba9171693947d53f474014821972bf25d72b7d143ce4af4c8d8484623417
Deleted: sha256:94ebbead5c58282fef91cc7d0fb56e4006a72434b4a6ae2cd5be98f369cb8c21
Deleted: sha256:989da5efad29ec59bd536cd393d277bc777f8b9b34b8e3ad9593a4b0a83b40f4
Deleted: sha256:7457ee6817c678da3cb383d27a3d79d5f3f25fbcb92958d5e8d5709e7631e23c
Deleted: sha256:fe7dac53adebe33519b4e4fc577bfcddd7372cc313c35fae681fc82fb325fdc03、容器命令
有了镜像才可以创建容器，下载centos镜像进行学习
docker pull centos
3.1、新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] imageName/imageId
# 参数说明
--name "NAME" 容器名字，tomcat01, tomcat02, 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-i , -t #使用交互模式运行，可以进入容器查看内容
-p #指定容器端口 -p 8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口 -p 3344:80
-p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P #随机指定端口3.2、启动容器，并进入容器
[root@iZm5e----- ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@c4a1504a9cf9 /]# ls #查看容器内的centos
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@c4a1504a9cf9 /]# exit # 退出容器
exit
[root@iZm5e----- ~]# 
CONTAINER ID c4a1504a9cf9
3.3、查看所有运行的容器
docker ps # 查看运行的容器 exit之后就停止了容器
docker ps -a # 查看所有运行过的以及在运行的容器
docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c4a1504a9cf9 centos "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago hungry_euler
dc0c5076048e hello-world "/hello" 2 months ago Exited (0) 2 months ago busy_cori
docker ps -a -n=[数字] # 最近创建的容器
docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c4a1504a9cf9 centos "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago hungry_euler3.4、退出容器
exit #容器停止并退出
ctrl + p + q #容器不停止退出3.5、删除容器
docker rm 容器ID # 删除指定容器 不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 递归删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器3.6、启动和停止容器
docker start 容器ID # 启动容器
docker restart 容器ID # 重启容器
docker stop 容器ID # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器ID # 强制停止当前容器4、常用其它命令
4.1、后台运行容器
docker run -d centos
463f1dc43e444ff6b6d0efd3f0c5047e118ddf64deed3aea2a8b5a6c89df61bb
[root@iZm5e----- ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@iZm5e----- ~]#发现后台运行的容器，停止了
❗ docker使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程。否则，docker发现没有服务，就会自动停止?
4.2、查看日志
docker logs --help
#shell脚本造日志
docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done"
d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b
[root@iZm5e----- ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d5033adf13b4 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds competent_jang
[root@iZm5e----- ~]#
#显示日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 10 d5033adf13b4
2021-09-27T07:05:08.800676670Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:09.803226803Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:10.806019019Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:11.809012200Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:12.811505073Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:13.817109532Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:14.819543508Z xiao
2021-09-27T07:05:15.822718210Z xiao
...
-tf #显示日志
--tail [数字] # 显示日志的条数4.3、查看容器中的进程信息 (ps - linux)
docker top命令
docker top 容器ID
docker top d5033adf13b4
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 29087 29069 0 15:01 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done
root 29908 29087 0 15:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
[root@iZm5e----- ~]# 4.4、查看镜像的源数据
dockers inspect 命令
docker inspect d5033adf13b4
[
{
"Id": "d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b",
"Created": "2021-09-27T07:01:42.833109605Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 29087,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-09-27T07:01:43.288158158Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b/d5033adf13b49f537430fc19df9fe00b477301dfd3a2d9c287060c65c1a59d7b-json.log",
"Name": "/competent_jang",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9aec4e083e254075a863c62c5c54f7ad2d7321750b4384ff1e092e25c5dc257e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d6e4be0166eac21b08ff7e34bb088bd7488086c5fd04603879424af35f8e6190/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9aec4e083e254075a863c62c5c54f7ad2d7321750b4384ff1e092e25c5dc257e/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9aec4e083e254075a863c62c5c54f7ad2d7321750b4384ff1e092e25c5dc257e/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9aec4e083e254075a863c62c5c54f7ad2d7321750b4384ff1e092e25c5dc257e/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "d5033adf13b4",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "182c5e5a4f65a8c8ae6fffc733ef2ff02b9c7ea0e374331017cb651077fb77c6",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/182c5e5a4f65",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "7dd5c90916bf7c472a88dc308498f198b59c9606c144c6d413b77ecc03e05cc1",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "feafa30d4051f24353508959bd420fd163ad0c98d6b30ec8ff13b59a59552bb1",
"EndpointID": "7dd5c90916bf7c472a88dc308498f198b59c9606c144c6d413b77ecc03e05cc1",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@iZm5e----- ~]#4.5、进入当前正在运行的容器
4.5.1、docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell （常用）
docker exec -it d5033adf13b4 /bin/bash
[root@d5033adf13b4 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@d5033adf13b4 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 07:01 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done
root 1895 0 0 07:33 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 1937 1 0 07:33 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 1938 1895 0 07:33 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@d5033adf13b4 /]# 4.5.2、docker attach 容器ID
docker attach d5033adf13b4
xiao
xiao
xiao
xiao
xiao
...4.5.3、二者区别
docker exec # 进入容器后，开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会开启新的进程。
4.6、拷贝容器内文件到主机上
手动同步
docker cp 命令
docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的主机路径
docker cp 2b7529b86ad0:/home/index.txt /home
[root@iZm5e----- ~]# ls
life mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm study testSH work
[root@iZm5e----- ~]# cd /home/
[root@iZm5e----- home]# ls
index.txt jenkins test
[root@iZm5e----- home]# 
4.6.1、问题探索
?如何实现自动同步，打通容器和主机
这个问题下篇讲解?
4.7、查看cpu内存使用情况
docker stats
每秒刷新
到此这篇关于一篇文章让你搞清楚docker常用命令的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关docker常用命令内容请搜索编程网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程网！
