Oracle 12C Sharding 部署和测试
日期： 2019-02-26
作者：陈举超
目录
一：环境说明 ... 4
二：安装GSM/Shard catalog/ORACLE 12.2 RDBMS . 5
2.1 Gsm 安装 ... 5
2.2 ORACLE 12.2 RDBMS 安装 ... 8
2.3 创建并启动监听 ... 8
2.4 创建Shard Catalog database . 8
三：配置GSM/Shard director . 8
3.1 解锁用户 ... 8
3.2 创建管理用户mygds . 8
3.3 启动listener . 8
3.4 创建shard catalog 配置remote scheduler agent . 8
3.5 创建和启动shard director. 9
3.6 添加操作系统认证. 9
3.7 在所有的shard 节点分别执行Agent . 10
3.8 创建shard 数据库的数据文件存储路径 ... 11
四：创建System-Managed SDB . 11
4.1 连接gsm .. 11
4.2 添加shardgroup . 11
4. 3 创建shard . 11
4.4 检查配置 ... 12
4.5 部署/deploy . 13
4.6 检查配置信息 ... 14
4.7 创建service . 16
五：创建用户和对象 ... 16
5.1 在catalog 数据库中创建业务用户 ... 16
5.2 创建表空间集合 ... 16
5.3 为duplicated tables 创建表空间 ... 17
5.4 创建 root 表 Customers . 17
5.5 创建其他 sharded table Orders. 18
5.6 为 OrderId 列创建序列 ... 18
5.7 创建 SHARDED TABLE LineItems . 18
5.8 创建 duplicated tables. 18
5.9 检查是否有错误 ... 19
六：验证环境- 表空间/chunks . 20
6.1 在db01 检查chunks 信息 ... 20
6.2 在 sd1,sd2 节点检查表空间和 chunks 信息 ... 20
6.3 在catalog 数据库检查chunks 信息 ... 23
6.4 验证环境 ... 23
七：访问Shard . 24
7.1 访问单独一个shard . 24
7.2 访问多个shard . 26
八：shard 数据库启动和停止 ... 27
8.1 关闭 ... 27
8.2 启动
九：常见问题 ... 29
9.1 create shard –shardgroup 错误 ... 29
9.2 catalog 创建用户和表，不能同步到 shard db 库 ... 29
9.3 GSM 启动失败，显示异常
十：参考文献
一：环境说明
OS ：CentOS Linux release 7.5
DB ：Oracle 12.2.0.1.0
GSMOCI ：2.2.1
本次使用三台虚拟机进行安装：
其中：
(1) db01 主机上安装Shard Director 和Shard catalog ，也就是分别安装GSM 、ORACLE 12.2 RDBMS 、non-cdb Database(GSM 和ORACLE 12.2 环境变量需要手动切换) ；
(2)db02 主机上安装Shard1 ，也就是ORACLE 12.2 RDBMS ，不需要创建数据库；
(3) db03 主机上安装Shard2 ，也就是ORACLE 12.2 RDBMS ，不需要创建数据库；
|
主机 |
组件 |
SID |
Oracle_Home |
|
db01 |
Shard Director |
|
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/gsm_1 |
|
db01 |
Shard catalog |
db01 |
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1 |
|
db02 |
Shard1 |
sh2 |
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1 |
|
db03 |
Shard2 |
sh3 |
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1 |
安装文件下载链接如下：
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/database/options/partitioning/downloads/index.html
Oracle 软件下载
GSM 下载
二：安装GSM/Shard catalog/ORACLE 12.2 RDBMS
2.1 Gsm 安装
2.2 ORACLE 12.2 RDBMS 安装
略
2.3 创建并启动监听
Netca
2.4 创建Shard Catalog database
在Shard catalog 服务器gsm1 创建 non-cdb 数据库。创建过程与普通数据库相同。
三：配置GSM/Shard director
https://blogs.oracle.com/database4cn/12c-oracle-sharding
3.1 解锁用户
在db01 服务器(catalog 数据库/shard director) ，连接到Sharding catalog 数据库, 解锁 GSMCATUSER 用户，shard director 通过GSMCATUSER 用户连接到shard catalog database
SQL> alter user gsmcatuser identified by oracle account unlock;
3.2 创建管理用户mygds
在 catalog 数据库，创建管理用户mygds ，用户mygds 用于存储Sharding 管理信息，GDSCTL 接口通过用户mygds 连接到catalog 数据库。
SQL> create user mygds identified by oracle;
SQL> grant connect, create session, gsmadmin_role to mygds;
SQL> grant inherit privileges on user SYS to GSMADMIN_INTERNAL;
3.3 启动listener
在db01 服务器(catalog 数据库/shard director) ，启动listener
3.4 创建shard catalog 配置remote scheduler agent
在db01 服务器(catalog 数据库/shard director) ，创建shard catalog ，在shard catalog 中配置remote scheduler agent.
参数含义：
-user : 指定管理用户，在前面步骤中创建的catalog database 管理用户mygds
-database : 指定catalog database 信息，catalog 数据库的主机名: 监听器port: catalog 数据库db_name
-sdb : 指定sharded database name
-agent_port: 设置端口，用于shard 节点agent 连接到GSM
-agent_password: 设置密码，用于shard 节点agent 连接到GSM
如果没有指定- sharding 参数，默认是创建system-managed (default) 类型
[oracle@db01 ~]$ export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@db01 ~]$ export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/products/12.2.0/gsm_1
[oracle@db01 ~]$
export PATH=/u01/app/oracle/products/12.2.0/gsmh_11/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
[oracle@db01 ~]$ gdsctl
GDSCTL: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Feb 25 10:38:54 CST 2019
Copyright (c) 2011, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to GDSCTL, type "help" for information.
Warning: current GSM name is not set automatically because gsm.ora contains zero or several GSM entries. Use "set gsm" command to set GSM for the session.
Current GSM is set to GSMORA
GDSCTL> create shardcatalog -database db01:1521:db01 -chunks 12 -user mygds/oracle -sdb shdb -region region1, region2 -agent_port 8080 -agent_password oracle
Catalog is created
3.5 创建和启动shard director
参数含义：
-gsm: 指定shard director 名称
-listener: 指定shard director 的监听端口，注意不能与数据库的listener 端口冲突
-catalog: 指定catalog database 信息，catalog 数据库的主机名: 监听器port: catalog 数据库db_name
GDSCTL> add gsm -gsm sharddirector1 -listener 1522 -pwd oracle -catalog db01:1521:db01 -region region1
GSM successfully added
GDSCTL> start gsm -gsm sharddirector1
GSM 已成功启动
3.6 添加操作系统认证
GDSCTL> add credential -credential cre_reg1 -osaccount oracle -ospassword oracle
操作已成功完成
3.7 在所有的shard 节点分别执行Agent
--- 在db02 节点执行
[oracle@db02 ~]$ schagent -start
Scheduler agent started using port 24409
[oracle@db02 ~]$ schagent -status
Agent running with PID 8537
Agent_version:12.2.0.1.2
Running_time:00:00:11
Total_jobs_run:0
Running_jobs:0
Platform:Linux
ORACLE_HOME:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE:/u01/app/oracle
Port:24409
Host:db02
--- 在db03 节点执行
[oracle@db03 ~]$ schagent -start
Scheduler agent started using port 19249
[oracle@db03 ~]$ schagent -status
Agent running with PID 8344
Agent_version:12.2.0.1.2
Running_time:00:00:05
Total_jobs_run:0
Running_jobs:0
Platform:Linux
ORACLE_HOME:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE:/u01/app/oracle
Port:19249
Host:db03
----- 密码oracle 和端口8080
[oracle@db02 ~]$ echo oracle | schagent -registerdatabase 192.168.2.226 8080
Agent Registration Password ?
Oracle Scheduler Agent Registration for 12.2.0.1.2 Agent
Agent Registration Successful!
[oracle@db03 ~]$ echo oracle | schagent -registerdatabase 192.168.2.226 8080
Agent Registration Password ?
Oracle Scheduler Agent Registration for 12.2.0.1.2 Agent
Agent Registration Successful!
3.8 创建shard 数据库的数据文件存储路径
[oracle@db02 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata
[oracle@db02 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
[oracle@db03 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata
[oracle@db03 ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
四：创建System-Managed SDB
4.1 连接gsm
在Shard 服务器 sd1 连接到shard director/GSM 服务器(db01)
[oracle@db02 ~]$ ssh oracle@db01
……
oracle@db01's password:
Last login: Mon Feb 25 10:45:20 2019 from 192.168.70.249
[oracle@db01 ~]$ source .bash_profile
[oracle@db01 ~]$ gdsctl
GDSCTL: 版本 12.2.0.1.0 - Production, 时间: Mon Feb 25 11:16:04 CST 2019
版权所有 (c) 2011, 2016, Oracle 。保留所有权利。
欢迎使用GDSCTL, 请键入 "help" 以获得信息。
当前 GSM 设置为 SHARDDIRECTOR1
GDSCTL> set gsm -gsm sharddirector1
GDSCTL>connect mygds/oracle
已建立目录连接
4.2 添加shardgroup
shardgroup 是一组shard 的集合，shardgroup 名称为primary_shardgroup ，-deploy_as primary 表示这个group 中的shard 都是主库。
GDSCTL> add shardgroup -shardgroup primary_shardgroup -deploy_as primary -region region1
操作已成功完成
4. 3 创建shard
将每个shard 地址添加到catalog 的valid node checking for registration (VNCR) 列表，并且创建shard
GDSCTL> add invitednode db02
GDSCTL> create shard -shardgroup primary_shardgroup -destination db02 -credential cre_reg1 -sys_password oracle
操作已成功完成
数据库的唯一名称: sh2
GDSCTL> add invitednode db03
GDSCTL> create shard -shardgroup primary_shardgroup -destination db03 -credential cre_reg1 -sys_password oracle
操作已成功完成
数据库的唯一名称: sh3
4.4 检查配置
GDSCTL>config
区域
------------------------
region1
region2
GSM
------------------------
sharddirector1
sharddirector3
分片数据库
------------------------
shdb
数据库
------------------------
sh2
sh3
分片组
------------------------
primary_shardgroup
分片空间
------------------------
shardspaceora
服务
------------------------
GDSCTL 暂挂请求
------------------------
命令 对象 状态
-- -- --
全局属性
------------------------
名称: oradbcloud
主 GSM: sharddirector1
DDL 序列号: 0
GDSCTL> config shardspace
分片空间 块
---- -
shardspaceora 12
GDSCTL> config shardgroup
分片组 块 区域 分片空间
--- - -- ----
primary_shardgroup 12 region1 shardspaceora
GDSCTL> config vncr
名称 组 ID
-- ----
192.168.2.226
db02
db03
GDSCTL> config shard
名称 分片组 状态 状态 区域 可用性
-- --- -- -- -- ---
sh2 primary_shardgroup U 无 region1 -
sh3 primary_shardgroup U 无 region1 -
4.5 部署/deploy
执行deploy 后，自动在db02 和db03 服务器上采用静默安装方式部署shard 数据库，速度较慢；
GDSCTL> deploy
deploy: examining configuration...
deploy: deploying primary shard 'sh2' ...
deploy: network listener configuration successful at destination 'db02'
deploy: starting DBCA at destination 'db02' to create primary shard 'sh2' ...
deploy: deploying primary shard 'sh3' ...
deploy: network listener configuration successful at destination 'db03'
deploy: starting DBCA at destination 'db03' to create primary shard 'sh3' ...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 2 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: DBCA primary creation job succeeded at destination 'db02' for shard 'sh2'
deploy: waiting for 1 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: waiting for 1 DBCA primary creation job(s) to complete...
deploy: DBCA primary creation job succeeded at destination 'db03' for shard 'sh3'
deploy: requesting Data Guard configuration on shards via GSM
deploy: shards configured successfully
操作已成功完成
4.6 检查配置信息
GDSCTL> config shard
名称 分片组 状态 状态 区域 可用性
-- --- -- -- -- ---
sh2 primary_shardgroup 确定 已部署 region1 ONLINE
sh3 primary_shardgroup 确定 已部署 region1 ONLINE
GDSCTL> databases
数据库: "sh2" 注册时间: Y 状态: 确定 ONS: N 。角色: PRIMARY 实例: 1 区域: region1
已注册的实例:
shdb%1
数据库: "sh3" 注册时间: Y 状态: 确定 ONS: N 。角色: PRIMARY 实例: 1 区域: region1
已注册的实例:
shdb%11
GDSCTL> config shard -shard sh2
名称: sh2
分片组: primary_shardgroup
状态: 确定
状态: 已部署
区域: region1
连接字符串: db02:1521/sh2:dedicated
SCAN 地址:
ONS 远程端口: 0
磁盘阈值, 毫秒: 20
CPU 阈值, %: 75
版本: 12.2.0.0
上次失败的 DDL:
DDL 错误: ---
失败的 DDL ID:
可用性: ONLINE
Rack:
支持的服务
------------------------
名称 首选 状态
-- -- --
GDSCTL> config shard -shard sh3
名称: sh3
分片组: primary_shardgroup
状态: 确定
状态: 已部署
区域: region1
连接字符串: db03:1521/sh3:dedicated
SCAN 地址:
ONS 远程端口: 0
磁盘阈值, 毫秒: 20
CPU 阈值, %: 75
版本: 12.2.0.0
上次失败的 DDL:
DDL 错误: ---
失败的 DDL ID:
可用性: ONLINE
Rack:
支持的服务
------------------------
名称 首选 状态
-- -- --
4.7 创建service
GDSCTL> add service -service oltp_rw_srvc -role primary
操作已成功完成
GDSCTL> start service -service oltp_rw_srvc
操作已成功完成
GDSCTL> status service
服务 "oltp_rw_srvc.shdb.oradbcloud" 具有 2 个实例。关系: ANYWHERE
实例 "shdb%1", 名称: "sh2", 数据库: "sh2", 区域: "region1", 状态: ready 。
实例 "shdb%11", 名称: "sh3", 数据库: "sh3", 区域: "region1", 状态: ready 。
五：创建用户和对象
5.1 在catalog 数据库中创建业务用户
---db01
SQL> alter session enable shard ddl;
SQL> create user app_schema identified by oracle;
SQL> grant all privileges to app_schema;
SQL> grant gsmadmin_role to app_schema;
SQL> grant select_catalog_role to app_schema;
SQL> grant connect, resource to app_schema;
SQL> grant dba to app_schema;
SQL> grant execute on dbms_crypto to app_schema;
5.2 创建表空间集合
---db01
SQL> conn app_schema
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> alter session enable shard ddl;
Session altered.
SQL> create tablespace set tsp_set_1 using template (datafile size 100m autoextend on next 10m maxsize unlimited extent management local segment space management auto);
Tablespace created.
GDSCTL> set gsm -gsm sharddirector1
GDSCTL> config shard
已建立目录连接
名称 分片组 状态 状态 区域 可用性
-- --- -- -- -- ---
sh2 primary_shardgroup 确定 DDL 错误 region1 ONLINE
sh3 primary_shardgroup 确定 DDL 错误 region1 ONLINE
5.3 为duplicated tables 创建表空间
--- 这个测试中duplicated table 是Products table.
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE products_tsp datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/products_tsp01.dbf' size 100m autoextend on next 10M maxsize unlimited extent management local uniform size 1m;
Tablespace created.
5.4 创建 root 表 Customers
SQL > CONNECT app_schema / oracle
SQL > ALTER SESSION ENABLE SHARD DDL ;
SQL > CREATE SHARDED TABLE Customers
(
CustId VARCHAR2 ( 60 ) NOT NULL ,
FirstName VARCHAR2 ( 60 ),
LastName VARCHAR2 ( 60 ),
Class VARCHAR2 ( 10 ),
Geo VARCHAR2 ( 8 ),
CustProfile VARCHAR2 ( 4000 ),
Passwd RAW ( 60 ),
CONSTRAINT pk_customers PRIMARY KEY ( CustId ),
CONSTRAINT json_customers CHECK ( CustProfile IS JSON )
) TABLESPACE SET TSP_SET_1
PARTITION BY CONSISTENT HASH ( CustId ) PARTITIONS AUTO ;
5 .5 创建其他 sharded table Orders.
SQL > CREATE SHARDED TABLE Orders
(
OrderId INTEGER NOT NULL ,
CustId VARCHAR2 ( 60 ) NOT NULL ,
OrderDate TIMESTAMP NOT NULL ,
SumTotal NUMBER ( 19 , 4 ),
Status CHAR ( 4 ),
CONSTRAINT pk_orders PRIMARY KEY ( CustId , OrderId ),
CONSTRAINT fk_orders_parent FOREIGN KEY ( CustId )
REFERENCES Customers ON DELETE CASCADE
) PARTITION BY REFERENCE ( fk_orders_parent );
5.6 为 OrderId 列创建序列
SQL > CREATE SEQUENCE Orders_Seq ;
Sequence created.
5.7 创建 SHARDED TABLE LineItems
SQL > CREATE SHARDED TABLE LineItems
(
OrderId INTEGER NOT NULL ,
CustId VARCHAR2 ( 60 ) NOT NULL ,
ProductId INTEGER NOT NULL ,
Price NUMBER ( 19 , 4 ),
Qty NUMBER ,
CONSTRAINT pk_items PRIMARY KEY ( CustId , OrderId , ProductId ),
CONSTRAINT fk_items_parent FOREIGN KEY ( CustId , OrderId )
REFERENCES Orders ON DELETE CASCADE
) PARTITION BY REFERENCE ( fk_items_parent );
5.8 创建 duplicated tables.
---In this example , the Products table is a duplicated object.
SQL > CREATE DUPLICATED TABLE Products
(
ProductId INTEGER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY ,
Name VARCHAR2 ( 128 ),
DescrUri VARCHAR2 ( 128 ),
LastPrice NUMBER ( 19 , 4 )
) TABLESPACE products_tsp ;
5.9 检查是否有错误
GDSCTL> set gsm -gsm sharddirector1
GDSCTL> show ddl
ID DDL 文本 失败的分片
-- ------ -----
108 grant dba to app_schema
109 grant execute on dbms_crypto to app_s...
110 CREATE TABLESPACE SET TSP_SET_1 using...
111 CREATE TABLESPACE products_tsp dataf...
112 CREATE SHARDED TABLE Customers ( ...
113 CREATE SHARDED TABLE Orders ( O...
114 CREATE SHARDED TABLE LineItems ( ...
115 CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW "APP_SCHEMA"...
116 CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION PasswCreat...
117 CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION PasswCheck...
GDSCTL> config shard -shard sh2
名称: sh2
分片组: primary_shardgroup
状态: 确定
状态: 已部署
区域: region1
连接字符串: db02:1521/sh2:dedicated
SCAN 地址:
ONS 远程端口: 0
磁盘阈值, 毫秒: 20
CPU 阈值, %: 75
版本: 12.2.0.0
上次失败的 DDL: CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW "APP_...
DDL 错误: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
ORA-06512: at "SYS.EXECASUSER", line 44
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_SQL", line 1529
ORA-06512: at "SYS.EXECASUSER", line 31
ORA-06512: at "GSMADMIN_INTERNAL.EXECUTEDDL", line 70
ORA-06512: at line 1 \(ngsmoci_execute\)
失败的 DDL ID: 57
可用性: ONLINE
Rack:
支持的服务
------------------------
名称 首选 状态
-- -- --
oltp_rw_srvc 是 启用
六：验证环境-表空间/chunks
6.1 在db01 检查chunks 信息
前面创建shardcatalog时指定chunks为12，因此后续创建shard table分配12个chunks
GDSCTL>config chunks
块
------------------------
数据库 自 至
--- - -
sh2 1 6
sh3 7 12
6.2 在 sd1,sd2 节点检查表空间和 chunks 信息
---db02
--表空间
SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME, BYTES/1024/1024 MB from sys.dba_data_files order by tablespace_name;
TABLESPACE_NAME MB
------------------------------ ----------
C001TSP_SET_1 100
C002TSP_SET_1 100
C003TSP_SET_1 100
C004TSP_SET_1 100
C005TSP_SET_1 100
C006TSP_SET_1 100
PRODUCTS_TSP 100
SYSAUX 480
SYSTEM 810
TSP_SET_1 100
UNDOTBS1 70
TABLESPACE_NAME MB
------------------------------ ----------
USERS 5
12 rows selected.
创建了6个表空间，分别是C001TSP_SET_1 ~ 表空间C006TSP_SET_1，因为设置chunks=12，每个shard有6个chunks。
每个表空间有一个datafile，大小是100M，这个是在创建tablespace set时设置的datafile 100M。
--检查chunks
SQL> set linesize 140
SQL> column table_name format a20
SQL> column tablespace_name format a20
SQL> column partition_name format a20
SQL> show parameter db_unique_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name string sh2
SQL> select table_name, partition_name, tablespace_name from dba_tab_partitions
where tablespace_name like 'C%TSP_SET_1' order by tablespace_name; 2
TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P1 C001TSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P1 C001TSP_SET_1
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P1 C001TSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P2 C002TSP_SET_1
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P2 C002TSP_SET_1
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P2 C002TSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P3 C003TSP_SET_1
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P3 C003TSP_SET_1
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P3 C003TSP_SET_1
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P4 C004TSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P4 C004TSP_SET_1
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P4 C004TSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P5 C005TSP_SET_1
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P5 C005TSP_SET_1
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P5 C005TSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P6 C006TSP_SET_1
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P6 C006TSP_SET_1
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P6 C006TSP_SET_1
18 rows selected.
在sd2节点检查表空间和chunks信息
--表空间
SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME, BYTES/1024/1024 MB from sys.dba_data_files order by tablespace_name;
TABLESPACE_NAME MB
------------------------------ ----------
C007TSP_SET_1 100
C008TSP_SET_1 100
C009TSP_SET_1 100
C00ATSP_SET_1 100
C00BTSP_SET_1 100
C00CTSP_SET_1 100
PRODUCTS_TSP 100
SYSAUX 480
SYSTEM 810
TSP_SET_1 100
UNDOTBS1 65
USERS 5
12 rows selected.
创建了6个表空间，分别是C007TSP_SET_1 ~ 表空间C00CTSP_SET_1，因为设置chunks=12，每个shard有6个chunks。
每个表空间有一个datafile，大小是100M，这个是在创建tablespace set时设置的datafile 100M。
--检查chunks
SQL> set linesize 140
SQL> column table_name format a20
SQL> column tablespace_name format a20
SQL> column partition_name format a20
SQL> select table_name, partition_name, tablespace_name from dba_tab_partitions
where tablespace_name like 'C%TSP_SET_1' order by tablespace_name;
TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P7 C007TSP_SET_1
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P7 C007TSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P7 C007TSP_SET_1
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P8 C008TSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P8 C008TSP_SET_1
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P8 C008TSP_SET_1
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P9 C009TSP_SET_1
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P9 C009TSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P9 C009TSP_SET_1
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P10 C00ATSP_SET_1
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P10 C00ATSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P10 C00ATSP_SET_1
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P11 C00BTSP_SET_1
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P11 C00BTSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P11 C00BTSP_SET_1
LINEITEMS CUSTOMERS_P12 C00CTSP_SET_1
CUSTOMERS CUSTOMERS_P12 C00CTSP_SET_1
ORDERS CUSTOMERS_P12 C00CTSP_SET_1
18 rows selected.
6.3 在catalog 数据库检查chunks 信息
SQL> set echo off
SQL> select a.name Shard, count( b.chunk_number) Number_of_Chunks from
gsmadmin_internal.database a, gsmadmin_internal.chunk_loc b where
a.database_num=b.database_num group by a.name;
SHARD NUMBER_OF_CHUNKS
------------------------------ ----------------
sh2 6
sh3 6
6.4 验证环境
--catalog数据库
SQL> conn app_schema/oracle
Connected.
SQL> select table_name from user_tables;
TABLE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRODUCTS
MLOG$_PRODUCTS
CUSTOMERS
ORDERS
LINEITEMS
RUPD$_PRODUCTS
6 rows selected.
--shard节点sd1和sd2
SQL> conn app_schema/oracle
Connected.
SQL> select table_name from user_tables;
TABLE_NAME
--------------------
CUSTOMERS
ORDERS
LINEITEMS
PRODUCTS
七：访问Shard
7.1 访问单独一个shard
在连接串中指定sharding key，那么GSM/shard director将请求连接到对应的一个shard
参数含义：
app_schema – 是业务用户，
(host=gsm1)(port=1522) – 是GSM/shard director 监听地址
service_name=oltp_rw_srvc.shdb.oradbcloud – 是前面创建的全局service
[oracle@db01 ~]$ sqlplus app_schema/oracle@'(description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=192.168.2.226)(port=1522)) (connect_data=(service_name=oltp_rw_srvc.shdb.oradbcloud)(region=region1)(SHARDING_KEY=chenjch)))'
SQL> select db_unique_name from v$database;
DB_UNIQUE_NAME
------------------------------
sh2
--- 插入数据
SQL> INSERT INTO Customers (CustId, FirstName, LastName, CustProfile,
Class, Geo, Passwd) VALUES ('chenjch', 'chen', 'jch',
NULL, 'Gold', 'east', hextoraw('8d1c00e')); 2 3
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select custid, FirstName, LastName, class, geo from customers where custid = 'chenjch';
CUSTID FIRSTNAME LASTNAME CLASS GEO
-------------------- --------------- --------------- ---------- --------
chenjch chen jch Gold east
--查询SHARDING_KEY=tom.david，连接到sd2：
[oracle@db01 ~]$ sqlplus app_schema/oracle@'(description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=db01)(port=1522))
(connect_data=(service_name=oltp_rw_srvc.shdb.oradbcloud)(region=region1)(SHARDING_KEY=ch.jc)))'
SQL> select db_unique_name from v$database;
DB_UNIQUE_NAME
------------------------------
sh3
SQL> INSERT INTO Customers (CustId, FirstName, LastName, CustProfile,
Class, Geo, Passwd) VALUES ('chjc', 'ch', 'jc',
NULL, 'Gold', 'east', hextoraw('8d1c00a'));
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
--- 查询数据
---catalog本地查询
SQL> conn app_schema/oracle
SQL> column custid format a20
SQL> column firstname format a15
SQL> column lastname format a15
SQL> select custid, FirstName, LastName, class, geo from customers;
CUSTID FIRSTNAME LASTNAME CLASS GEO
-------------------- --------------- --------------- ---------- --------
chenjch chen jch Gold east
chjc ch jc Gold east
---sh2本地查询
SQL> conn app_schema/oracle
Connected.
SQL> column custid format a20
SQL> column firstname format a15
SQL> column lastname format a15
SQL> select custid, FirstName, LastName, class, geo from customers;
CUSTID FIRSTNAME LASTNAME CLASS GEO
-------------------- --------------- --------------- ---------- --------
chenjch chen jch Gold east
---sh3本地查询
SQL> conn app_schema/oracle
Connected.
SQL> column custid format a20
SQL> column firstname format a15
SQL> column lastname format a15
SQL> select custid, FirstName, LastName, class, geo from customers;
CUSTID FIRSTNAME LASTNAME CLASS GEO
-------------------- --------------- --------------- ---------- --------
chjc ch jc Gold east
总结：
1
、每个shard节点只能查询到本地节点shard table的数据
2
、在catalog数据库可以查询shard节点汇聚后的数据、
3
、客户端可指定sharding key的方式，定向获取数据
7.2 访问多个shard
如果在连接串中指定sharding key，那么GSM/shard director将请求连接到对应的一个shard。
如果没有指定sharding key，那么session和coordinator database (shard catalog)建立连接,然后再分别到需要(prund)的shard中查询，最后再整合。
优化器判断访问一个shard还是访问多个shard。
--链接到catalog数据库查询
[oracle@db01 ~]$ sqlplus app_schema/oracle@db01:1521/GDS\$CATALOG.oradbcloud
SQL> conn app_schema/oracle
Connected.
SQL> set termout on
SQL> set linesize 120
SQL> set echo on
SQL> column firstname format a20
SQL> column lastname format a20
SQL> explain plan for SELECT FirstName,LastName, geo, class FROM Customers
WHERE CustId in ('Scott.Tiger@x.bogus', 'Mary.Parker@x.bogus') AND class != 'free' ORDER
BY geo, class;
八：shard数据库启动和停止
--- 参考
https://blog.csdn.net/kiral07/article/details/86923508#Shard_Catalog_Database_63
8.1 关闭
(1)catalog数据库端,关闭director
GDSCTL>stop gsm -gsm SHARDDIRECTOR1
GSM 已成功停止
(2)关闭catalog监听
[oracle@db01 ~]$ lsnrctl stop
(3)关闭catalog数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
(4) shard节点1和节点2关闭agent
[oracle@db02 trace]$ schagent -stop
[oracle@db03 trace]$ schagent -stop
(5) shard节点1和节点2关闭监控
[oracle@db02 trace]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@db03 trace]$ lsnrctl stop
(6) shard节点1和节点2关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
8.2 启动
(1)catalog端启动数据库和监听
SQL> startup
[oracle@db01 ~]$ lsnrctl start
(2) 所有shard节点启动数据库，监听，代理
SQL> startup
[oracle@db02 ~]$ lsnrctl start
[oracle@db03 ~]$ lsnrctl start
(3) catalog端启动director
GDSCTL>start gsm -gsm SHARDDIRECTOR1
GSM 已成功启动
(4)检查
GDSCTL>connect mygds/oracle
已建立目录连接
GDSCTL>config shard
名称 分片组 状态 状态 区域 可用性
-- --- -- -- -- ---
sh2 primary_shardgroup 确定 DDL 错误 region1 ONLINE
sh3 primary_shardgroup 确定 DDL 错误 region1 ONLINE
GDSCTL>config service
名称 网络名称 池 已启动 全部首选
-- ---- - --- ----
oltp_rw_srvc oltp_rw_srvc.shdb.oradbcloud shdb 是 是
GDSCTL>databases
数据库: "sh2" 注册时间: Y 状态: 确定 ONS: N。角色: PRIMARY 实例: 1 区域: region1
服务: "oltp_rw_srvc" 全局启动: Y 启动时间: Y
扫描: Y 启用: Y 首选: Y
已注册的实例:
shdb%1
数据库: "sh3" 注册时间: Y 状态: 确定 ONS: N。角色: PRIMARY 实例: 1 区域: region1
服务: "oltp_rw_srvc" 全局启动: Y 启动时间: Y
扫描: Y 启用: Y 首选: Y
已注册的实例:
shdb%11
九：常见问题
9.1 create shard –shardgroup 错误
GDSCTL>create shard -shardgroup primary_shardgroup -destination db02 -credential cre_reg1 -sys_password oracle
GSM-45029: SQL 错误
ORA-03710: 目标中不存在目录或者无法写入目录: $ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area
ORA-06512: 在 "GSMADMIN_INTERNAL.DBMS_GSM_POOLADMIN", line 7469
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 86
ORA-06512: 在 "GSMADMIN_INTERNAL.DBMS_GSM_POOLADMIN", line 4978
ORA-27436: 调度程序代理操作失败, 显示消息: Agent Error: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/shard_check.txt (No such file or directory)
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_ISCHED", line 3638
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_ISCHED", line 10444
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_ISCHED", line 5344
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_ISCHED", line 10439
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_ISCHED", line 3631
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER", line 2414
ORA-06512: 在 "GSMADMIN_INTERNAL.DBMS_GSM_POOLADMIN", line 164
ORA-27436: 调度程序代理操作失败, 显示消息: Agent Error: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/shard_check.txt (No such file or directory)
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_ISCHED", line 3638
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_ISCHED", line 10444
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_ISCHED", line 5344
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_ISCHED", line 10439
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_ISCHED", line 3631
ORA-06512: 在 "SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER", line 2414
ORA-06512: 在 "GSMADMIN_INTERNAL.DBMS_GSM_POOLADMIN", line 157
ORA-06512: 在 "GSMADMIN_INTERNAL.DBMS_GSM_POOLADMIN", line 4965
ORA-06512: 在 line 1
--- 错误提示很明显，没有fast_recovery_area 目录，需要提前在db02 和db03 服务器上创建fast_recovery_area 目录
[oracle@db02 ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area
9.2 catalog 创建用户和表，不能同步到 shard db 库
错误原因很多，需要具体问题具体分析，一般需要用到如下命令和日志进行分析问题：
(1)recover shard -shard sh2
(2)config shard -shard sh2
(3)alert_sh2.log
[oracle@db02 trace]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/sh2/sh2/trace
[oracle@db02 trace]$ tail -f alert_sh2.log
例如：
GDSCTL>recover shard -shard sh2
GSM 错误:
primary_shardgroup sh2:ORA-01119: error in creating database file \'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/products_tsp01.dbf\'
ORA-06512: at "SYS.EXECASUSER", line 44
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 1
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_SQL", line 1529
ORA-06512: at "SYS.EXECASUSER", line 31
ORA-06512: at "GSMADMIN_INTERNAL.EXECUTEDDL", line 70
ORA-06512: at line 1 (ngsmoci_execute)
GDSCTL>recover shard -shard sh2
GSM 错误:
primary_shardgroup sh2:ORA-03715: invalid user APP_SCHEMA
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 86
ORA-06512: at "SYS.EXECASUSER", line 22
ORA-06512: at "GSMADMIN_INTERNAL.EXECUTEDDL", line 70
ORA-06512: at line 1 (ngsmoci_execute)
GDSCTL>config shard -shard sh3
名称: sh3
分片组: primary_shardgroup
状态: 确定
状态: 已部署
区域: region1
连接字符串: db03:1521/sh3:dedicated
SCAN 地址:
ONS 远程端口: 0
磁盘阈值, 毫秒: 20
CPU 阈值, %: 75
版本: 12.2.0.0
上次失败的 DDL: drop tablespace TSP_SET_1 incl...
DDL 错误: ORA-03715: invalid user APP_SCHEMA
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 86
ORA-06512: at "SYS.EXECASUSER", line 22
ORA-06512: at "GSMADMIN_INTERNAL.EXECUTEDDL", line 70
ORA-06512: at line 1 \(ngsmoci_execute\)
9.3 GSM 启动失败，显示异常或未运行
问题现象：
启动GSM显示实例已运行，停止GSM显示异常或未运行；
排查原因：
查看告警日志
[oracle@db01 trace]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/diag/gsm/db01/sharddirector1/trace
[oracle@db01 trace]$ vi alert_sharddirector.log
问题原因：
创建sharddirector时指定的端口已经被其他应用占用，但是可以创建成功，后续启动GSM就会失败，删除新建即可
GDSCTL> add gsm -gsm sharddirector1 -listener 1522 -pwd oracle -catalog db01:1521:db01 -region region1
十：参考文献
《12c新特性-Oracle Sharding简介》
https://blogs.oracle.com/database4cn/12c-oracle-sharding
《Sharded Database Deployment》
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/admin/sharding-deployment.html#GUID-61B495D3-4482-47E2-937E-B7E03286F565
《Oracle 12C Sharding分片数据库》
https://blog.csdn.net/kiral07/article/details/86923508#OracleSharding_Manage_80
《Oracle Sharding - Troubleshooting Tips and Techniques (文档 ID 2180259.1)》
https://support.oracle.com/epmos/faces/SearchDocDisplay?_adf.ctrl-state=151coor2ou_9&_afrLoop=249031377428729
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