本篇文章为大家展示了在Linux系统上使用Vagrant和Libvirt的方法是什么，内容简明扼要并且容易理解，绝对能使你眼前一亮，通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。
我们将介绍如何在Linux操作系统上使用Vagrant和Libvirt，要完成本文需要先安装Vagrant，然后安装Libvirt和QEMU-KVM及为Vagrant安装libvirt插件。
为Vagrant安装Vagrant插件
安装Vagrant和KVM后，你应该已准备好安装libvirt插件，以便可以使用Vagrant开始管理KVM虚拟机：
$ vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirtInstalling the 'vagrant-libvirt' plugin. This can take a few minutes...Building native extensions. This could take a while...Building native extensions. This could take a while...Installed the plugin 'vagrant-libvirt (0.0.43)'!如果遇到如下错误：
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.current directory: /home/jmutai/.vagrant.d/gems/2.5.1/gems/nokogiri-1.8.4/ext/nokogiri/usr/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20190225-25314-14hvlbq.rb extconf.rbchecking if the C compiler accepts ... yesBuilding nokogiri using system libraries.pkg-config could not be used to find libxml-2.0Please install either `pkg-config` or the pkg-config gem pergem install pkg-config -v '~> 1.1'然后运行：
$ gem install nokogiri$ vagrant plugin install pkg-config然后重试安装插件：$ vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirtInstalling the 'vagrant-libvirt' plugin. This can take a few minutes...Fetching: excon-0.62.0.gem (100%)Fetching: formatador-0.2.5.gem (100%)Fetching: fog-core-1.43.0.gem (100%)Fetching: fog-json-1.2.0.gem (100%)Fetching: mini_portile2-2.3.0.gem (100%)Building native extensions. This could take a while...Fetching: fog-xml-0.1.3.gem (100%)Fetching: ruby-libvirt-0.7.1.gem (100%)Building native extensions. This could take a while...Fetching: fog-libvirt-0.5.0.gem (100%)Fetching: vagrant-libvirt-0.0.43.gem (100%)Installed the plugin 'vagrant-libvirt (0.0.43)'!安装完成后，可以使用以下命令确认已安装插件：
$ vagrant plugin list
vagrant-libvirt (0.0.43)
正在下载Vagrant boxes：
Libvirt的Vagrant box是一个包含3个文件的tar存档：基础VagrantFile、metadata.json文件、QCOW2图片。
在这个例子中，我们将使用一个准备好的模板，让我们添加CentOS 7和CentOS 6 boxes：
$ vagrant box add centos/7 --provider=libvirt==> box: Loading metadata for box 'centos/7'box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/7==> box: Adding box 'centos/7' (v1803.01) for provider: libvirt$ vagrant box add centos/6 --provider=libvirt检查本地boxes presents：
$ vagrant box listcentos/6 (libvirt, 1803.01)centos/7 (libvirt, 1803.01)generic/ubuntu1604 (libvirt, 1.5.0)创建VM Vagrantfile
Vagrant需要配置文件来获取要创建的VM的详细信息和设置，让我们创建一个VM Vagrantfile：
$ mkdir ~/vagrant-vms
$ cd ~/vagrant-vms
创建一个内容类似于以下内容的Vagrantfile：
# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby :ENV['VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER'] = 'libvirt'# Check required pluginsREQUIRED_PLUGINS_LIBVIRT = %w(vagrant-libvirt)exit unless REQUIRED_PLUGINS_LIBVIRT.all? do |plugin|Vagrant.has_plugin?(plugin) || (puts 'The #{plugin} plugin is required. Please install it with:'puts '$ vagrant plugin install #{plugin}'false)endVagrant.configure('2') do |config|# Rabbitmq VMconfig.vm.define 'rabbitmq-centos6' do |node|node.vm.hostname = 'rabbitmq-server-01'node.vm.box = 'centos/6'node.vm.box_check_update = false#node.vm.synced_folder '.', '/vagrant', :disabled => truenode.vm.network 'private_network', ip: '192.168.18.15'node.vm.provider :libvirt do |domain|domain.memory = 512domain.nested = trueendendend要启动VM，请运行：
$ vagrant up
运行virsh列表以查看是否会获得VM列表：
$ virsh list
如Vagrantfile中所定义，将创建一个新桥，其中定义了子网的.1 IP地址，默认掩码为/24：
$ ip ad show dev virbr3
virbr3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:a6:63:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.18.1/24 brd 192.168.18.255 scope global virbr3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
你也可以使用brctl命令查看网桥：
$ brctl show
要ssh到VM，请使用vagrant ssh命令：
要输出.ssh/config有效语法以通过ssh连接到此环境，请运行ssh-config命令，需要将~/.ssh/config目录下提供的输出放到ssh中：
$ vagrant ssh-configHost rabbitmq-server-01HostName 192.168.121.122User vagrantPort 22UserKnownHostsFile /dev/nullStrictHostKeyChecking noPasswordAuthentication noIdentityFile /home/jmutai/hacks/vagrant/labs/rabbitmq-server/.vagrant/machines/rabbitmq-server-01/libvirt/private_keyIdentitiesOnly yesLogLevel FATAL然后使用ssh命令以上面配置的名称登录：
$ ssh rabbitmq-server-01Last login: Mon Feb 25 10:03:23 2019 from 192.168.121.1[vagrant@rabbitmq-server-01 ~]$要关闭VM，请运行：
$ vagrant halt==> rabbitmq-centos6: Halting domain...$ virsh list --all- centos_mysql-server-01 shut off- rabbitmq-server_rabbitmq-centos6 shut off- ubuntu-terraform shut off要通过清除所有数据将VM设置为其初始状态，请使用vagrant destroy：
$ vagrant destroyrabbitmq-centos6: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'rabbitmq-centos6' VM? [y/N] y==> rabbitmq-centos6: Removing domain...$ virsh list --all建立自己的Vagrant box
你需要安装packer才能工作：
$ wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/packer/1.3.4/packer_1.3.4_linux_amd64.zip$ unzip packer_1.3.4_linux_amd64.zipArchive: packer_1.3.4_linux_amd64.zipinflating: packer$ sudo cp packer /usr/local/bin$ type packerpacker is /usr/local/bin/packer然后clone bento Github repo：
$ cd ~/$ git clone https://github.com/chef/bento$ cd bento$ cd centos$ packer build -only qemu -var 'headless=true' centos-7.5-x86_64.json==> qemu: Gracefully halting virtual machine...==> qemu: Converting hard drive...==> qemu: Running post-processor: vagrant==> qemu (vagrant): Creating Vagrant box for 'libvirt' providerqemu (vagrant): Copying from artifact: ../builds/packer-centos-7.5-x86_64-qemu/centos-7.5-x86_64qemu (vagrant): Compressing: Vagrantfileqemu (vagrant): Compressing: box.imgqemu (vagrant): Compressing: metadata.jsonBuild 'qemu' finished.==> Builds finished. The artifacts of successful builds are:--> qemu: 'libvirt' provider box: ../builds/centos-7.5.libvirt.box如果构建成功，则准备导入框文件将位于存储库根目录的builds目录中：
$ vagrant box add builds/centos-7.5.libvirt.box --name 'centos-7.5'==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...==> box: Adding box 'centos-7.5' (v0) for provider:box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///home/jmutai/hacks/vagrant/labs/packer/bento/builds/centos-7.5.libvirt.box==> box: Successfully added box 'centos-7.5' (v0) for 'libvirt'!确认已安装box：
$ vagrant box listcentos-7.5 (libvirt, 0)centos/6 (libvirt, 1803.01)centos/7 (libvirt, 1803.01)什么是Linux系统
Linux是一种免费使用和自由传播的类UNIX操作系统，是一个基于POSIX的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多CPU的操作系统，使用Linux能运行主要的Unix工具软件、应用程序和网络协议。
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