管理联机日志文件：
联机日志文件以组为单位工作
数据库正常工作至少需要2组日志
联机日志记录所有数据块的变化，用来做实例recover
同一组下的成员之间是镜像关系
more情况日志成员写满redo时发生切换
日志切换时优先覆盖sequence#最小的组
成员的位置和数量，由控制文件中的指针决定
查看日志组的工作状态：
select * from v$log;SQL> set pagesize 200
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL>
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES blockSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ----------
1 1 49 52428800 512 1 NO INACTIVE 17377140 20-NOV-22 17377187 20-NOV-22 0
2 1 50 52428800 512 1 NO INACTIVE 17377187 20-NOV-22 17401476 20-NOV-22 0
3 1 51 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT 17401476 20-NOV-22 1.8447E+19 0
SQL> col NEXT_CHANGE# for 999999999999999999999999999999999
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- ---------------------------------- --------- ----------
1 1 49 52428800 512 1 NO INACTIVE 17377140 20-NOV-22 17377187 20-NOV-22 0
2 1 50 52428800 512 1 NO INACTIVE 17377187 20-NOV-22 17401476 20-NOV-22 0
3 1 51 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT 17401476 20-NOV-22 18446744073709551615 0
SQL> 查看日志的物理信息：
select * from v$logfile;SQL>
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE
---------- ------- -------
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IS_ CON_ID
--- ----------
3 ONLINE
/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo03.log
NO 0
2 ONLINE
/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo02.log
NO 0
1 ONLINE
/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo01.log
NO 0
SQL> 手工切换日志：
alter system switch logfile;手工产生检查点：
alter system checkpoint;Scott/tiger 脚本在系统：
[oracle@oracle-db-19c admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin
[oracle@oracle-db-19c admin]$ ls -ltr utlsampl.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3978 May 29 2017 utlsampl.sql
[oracle@oracle-db-19c admin]$
日志切换的历史：
SQL>
SQL> select * from v$log_history;
RECID STAMP THREAD# SEQUENCE# FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------- --------- ------------ ----------------- --------- ----------
1 1119712290 1 1 1920977 02-NOV-22 1944454 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
2 1119712328 1 2 1944454 02-NOV-22 1955924 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
3 1119712336 1 3 1955924 02-NOV-22 1957140 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
4 1119712346 1 4 1957140 02-NOV-22 1958419 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
5 1119712357 1 5 1958419 02-NOV-22 1959722 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
6 1119712367 1 6 1959722 02-NOV-22 1961083 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
7 1119712377 1 7 1961083 02-NOV-22 1962537 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
8 1119712388 1 8 1962537 02-NOV-22 1964005 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
9 1119712397 1 9 1964005 02-NOV-22 1965452 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
10 1119712406 1 10 1965452 02-NOV-22 1966859 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
11 1119712428 1 11 1966859 02-NOV-22 1970703 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
12 1119712448 1 12 1970703 02-NOV-22 1974659 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
13 1119712501 1 13 1974659 02-NOV-22 2003600 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
14 1119712743 1 14 2003600 02-NOV-22 2017766 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
15 1119712747 1 15 2017766 02-NOV-22 2017835 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
16 1119712771 1 16 2017835 02-NOV-22 2026749 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
17 1119712794 1 17 2026749 02-NOV-22 2030586 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
18 1119712849 1 18 2030586 02-NOV-22 2049115 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
19 1119713144 1 19 2049115 02-NOV-22 2088868 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
20 1119713229 1 20 2088868 02-NOV-22 2100727 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
21 1119713288 1 21 2100727 02-NOV-22 2139342 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
22 1119713358 1 22 2139342 02-NOV-22 2146949 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
23 1119713375 1 23 2146949 02-NOV-22 2150697 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
24 1119713427 1 24 2150697 02-NOV-22 2153047 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
25 1119713571 1 25 2153047 02-NOV-22 2163312 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
26 1119713996 1 26 2163312 02-NOV-22 2264654 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
27 1120428105 1 27 2264654 02-NOV-22 2282920 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
28 1120428219 1 28 2282920 10-NOV-22 2300480 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
29 1120428255 1 29 2300480 10-NOV-22 2318708 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
30 1120831239 1 30 2318708 10-NOV-22 2347108 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
31 1120831269 1 31 2347108 15-NOV-22 2366475 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
32 1120850877 1 32 2366475 15-NOV-22 2397054 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
33 1120917613 1 33 2397054 15-NOV-22 2425816 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
34 1120938664 1 34 2425816 16-NOV-22 2465509 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
35 1120980380 1 35 2465509 16-NOV-22 2575796 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
36 1121000407 1 36 2575796 17-NOV-22 2601035 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
37 1121014857 1 37 2601035 17-NOV-22 2629640 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
38 1121086814 1 38 2629640 17-NOV-22 2668852 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
39 1121089000 1 39 2668852 18-NOV-22 2771290 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
40 1121102371 1 40 2771290 18-NOV-22 17019560 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
41 1121161284 1 41 17019560 18-NOV-22 17140444 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
42 1121161517 1 42 17140444 19-NOV-22 17156193 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
43 1121164942 1 43 17156193 19-NOV-22 17277271 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
44 1121180422 1 44 17277271 19-NOV-22 17311973 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
45 1121249328 1 45 17311973 19-NOV-22 17337542 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
46 1121250083 1 46 17337542 20-NOV-22 17351079 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
47 1121263201 1 47 17351079 20-NOV-22 17377098 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
48 1121263201 1 48 17377098 20-NOV-22 17377140 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
49 1121263203 1 49 17377140 20-NOV-22 17377187 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
50 1121281218 1 50 17377187 20-NOV-22 17401476 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
51 1121349638 1 51 17401476 20-NOV-22 17441850 1920977 02-NOV-22 0
51 rows selected.
SQL>监控日志切换频率：
select to_char(FIRST_TIME,'yyyymmddhh24') FIRST_TIME,count(*) from v$log_history group by to_char(FIRST_TIME,'yyyymmddhh24') order by 1;放大logfile成员的尺寸：
alter database add logfile '/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04.log' size 100M;
alter database add logfile '/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05.log' size 100M;[oracle@oracle-db-19c admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Nov 21 14:35:04 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> set pagesize 200
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL>
SQL> column STATUS for a15
SQL> column TYPE for a15
SQL> column MEMBER for a30
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_ CON_ID
---------- --------------- --------------- ------------------------------ --- ----------
3 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo03.log NO 0
2 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo02.log NO 0
1 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo01.log NO 0
SQL> alter database add logfile '/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04.log' size 100m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile '/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05.log' size 100m;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_ CON_ID
---------- --------------- --------------- ------------------------------ --- ----------
3 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo03.log NO 0
2 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo02.log NO 0
1 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo01.log NO 0
4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04.log NO 0
5 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05.log NO 0
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- --------------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ----------
1 1 52 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT 17441850 21-NOV-22 1.8447E+19 0
2 1 50 52428800 512 1 NO INACTIVE 17377187 20-NOV-22 17401476 20-NOV-22 0
3 1 51 52428800 512 1 NO INACTIVE 17401476 20-NOV-22 17441850 21-NOV-22 0
4 1 0 104857600 512 1 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
5 1 0 104857600 512 1 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- --------------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ----------
1 1 52 52428800 512 1 NO ACTIVE 17441850 21-NOV-22 17444860 21-NOV-22 0
2 1 50 52428800 512 1 NO INACTIVE 17377187 20-NOV-22 17401476 20-NOV-22 0
3 1 51 52428800 512 1 NO INACTIVE 17401476 20-NOV-22 17441850 21-NOV-22 0
4 1 53 104857600 512 1 NO CURRENT 17444860 21-NOV-22 1.8447E+19 0
5 1 0 104857600 512 1 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- --------------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ----------
1 1 52 52428800 512 1 NO INACTIVE 17441850 21-NOV-22 17444860 21-NOV-22 0
2 1 50 52428800 512 1 NO INACTIVE 17377187 20-NOV-22 17401476 20-NOV-22 0
3 1 51 52428800 512 1 NO INACTIVE 17401476 20-NOV-22 17441850 21-NOV-22 0
4 1 53 104857600 512 1 NO CURRENT 17444860 21-NOV-22 1.8447E+19 0
5 1 0 104857600 512 1 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 1;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 2;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 3;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- --------------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ----------
4 1 53 104857600 512 1 NO CURRENT 17444860 21-NOV-22 1.8447E+19 0
5 1 0 104857600 512 1 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> 删除无用组：
alter database drop logfile group 1;
alter database drop logfile group 2;
alter database drop logfile group 3;移动日志文件
1.数据库要mount
shutdown immediate
startup mount
2.目标文件要存在
mv /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04.log /home/oracle/redo04.log
3.修改控制文件中的指针
alter database rename file '/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04.log' to '/home/oracle/redo04.log';4.打开数据库
alter database open;日志文件的多路复用：在同一组下使用多个成员，每组当中只由一个成员可用，数据库就可以正常工作。
alter database add logfile member '/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04a.log' to group 4;
alter database add logfile member '/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05a.log' to group 5;SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- --------------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ----------
4 1 53 104857600 512 1 NO CURRENT 17444860 21-NOV-22 1.8447E+19 0
5 1 0 104857600 512 1 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_ CON_ID
---------- --------------- --------------- ------------------------------ --- ----------
4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04.log NO 0
5 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05.log NO 0
SQL> alter database add logfile '/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo06.log' size 100m;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- --------------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ----------
1 1 0 104857600 512 1 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
4 1 53 104857600 512 1 NO CURRENT 17444860 21-NOV-22 1.8447E+19 0
5 1 0 104857600 512 1 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_ CON_ID
---------- --------------- --------------- ------------------------------ --- ----------
1 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo06.log NO 0
4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04.log NO 0
5 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05.log NO 0
SQL>
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo01.log' to group 1;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_ CON_ID
---------- --------------- --------------- ------------------------------ --- ----------
1 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo06.log NO 0
1 INVALID ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo01.log NO 0
4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04.log NO 0
5 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05.log NO 0
SQL>
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- --------------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ----------
1 1 0 104857600 512 2 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
4 1 53 104857600 512 1 NO CURRENT 17444860 21-NOV-22 1.8447E+19 0
5 1 0 104857600 512 1 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04b.log' to group 4,'/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05b.log' to group 5;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- --------------- ------------- --------- ------------ --------- ----------
1 1 0 104857600 512 2 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
4 1 53 104857600 512 2 NO CURRENT 17444860 21-NOV-22 1.8447E+19 0
5 1 0 104857600 512 2 YES UNUSED 0 0 0
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_ CON_ID
---------- --------------- --------------- ------------------------------ --- ----------
1 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo06.log NO 0
1 INVALID ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo01.log NO 0
4 INVALID ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04b.log NO 0
4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04.log NO 0
5 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05.log NO 0
5 INVALID ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05b.log NO 0
6 rows selected.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_ CON_ID
---------- --------------- --------------- ------------------------------ --- ----------
1 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo06.log NO 0
1 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo01.log NO 0
4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04b.log NO 0
4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo04.log NO 0
5 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05.log NO 0
5 ONLINE /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo05b.log NO 0
6 rows selected.
SQL> 数据库的归档模式：
查看数据库归档是否
archive log list
select log_mode from v$database;打开归档：
shutdown immediate
startup mount
--v$archived_log
--v$archive_dest
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