Java字符串split方法
先来看几行简单的Java代码,如下:
System.out.println("1,2".split(",").length);
System.out.println("1,2,".split(",").length);
System.out.println("".split(",").length);
System.out.println(",".split(",").length);
接下来,猜一下各行的输出结果。OK,下面给出真正的运行结果:
2
2
1
0
这里先给出jdk相关源码,再来对应分析各自的输出:
public String[] split(String regex, int limit) {
char ch = 0;
if (((regex.value.length == 1 &&
".$|()[{^?*+\\".indexOf(ch = regex.charAt(0)) == -1) ||
(regex.length() == 2 &&
regex.charAt(0) == '\\' &&
(((ch = regex.charAt(1))-'0')|('9'-ch)) < 0 &&
((ch-'a')|('z'-ch)) < 0 &&
((ch-'A')|('Z'-ch)) < 0)) &&
(ch < Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE ||
ch > Character.MAX_LOW_SURROGATE))
{
int off = 0;
int next = 0;
boolean limited = limit > 0;
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
while ((next = indexOf(ch, off)) != -1) {
if (!limited || list.size() < limit - 1) {
list.add(substring(off, next));
off = next + 1;
} else { // last one
//assert (list.size() == limit - 1);
list.add(substring(off, value.length));
off = value.length;
break;
}
}
// If no match was found, return this
if (off == 0)
return new String[]{this};
// Add remaining segment
if (!limited || list.size() < limit)
list.add(substring(off, value.length));
// Construct result
int resultSize = list.size();
if (limit == 0) {
while (resultSize > 0 && list.get(resultSize - 1).length() == 0) {
resultSize--;
}
}
String[] result = new String[resultSize];
return list.subList(0, resultSize).toArray(result);
}
return Pattern.compile(regex).split(this, limit);
}
1.第一行代码的输出结果肯定没什么问题,字符串 "1,2" 以 "," 分隔,结果很直观的是 ["1", "2"],length=2。
2.第二行代码的输出结果,可能大家有人认为是length=3才对,因为字符串 "1,2," 以 "," 分隔,结果应该是 ["1", "2", ""],length=3;其实不然,jdk在split处理的时候,确实会先生成一个集合list = ["1", "2", ""],但之后却会循环判断末位元素是否为空字符串(即末位元素length=0),因此集合最终会变成 ["1", "2"],length=2。具体判断如下:
while (resultSize > 0 && list.get(resultSize - 1).length() == 0) {
resultSize--;
}
3.第三行代码的输出结果,数组 [""],length=1。与其他三种情况不同,空字符串 "" 中不包含regex字符串 ",",所以代表没有匹配上的子串(off=0),则返回字符串本身。具体处理如下:
// If no match was found, return this
if (off == 0)
return new String[]{this};
4.第四行代码的输出结果,可能也有部分人认为结果应是length=2,因为字符串 "," 以 "," 分隔,结果应该是 ["", ""],length=2;其实亦不然,与第2行同样的原理,最终将list=["", ""] 处理为空集合 [],length=0。
以上,系本文分享的split的一个小坑;除此之外,另一个需要注意的地方,split方法的参数是正则表达式而非一般字符串,所以在处理正则转义字符和特殊字符时留意即可。
Java字符串split方法的探究
今天在使用split分割字符串时突然想到一种情况,如下:
String str="aaaaaaaab";
String arr[]=str.split("aa");
问,arr数组的长度是多少?
那如果str为”baaaaaaaa”呢
String str="baaaaaaaa";
如果str=”aaaaaaaab”呢
String str="aaaaaaaab";
如果str=”baaaaaaaab”呢
String str="baaaaaaaab";
好,我们先在程序中验证一下:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str="aaaaaaaa";
String [] arr=str.split("aa");
System.out.println("字符串aaaaaaaa分割的数组长度为:"+arr.length);
str="baaaaaaaa";
arr=str.split("aa");
System.out.println("字符串baaaaaaaa分割的数组长度为:"+arr.length);
str="aaaaaaaab";
arr=str.split("aa");
System.out.println("字符串aaaaaaaab分割的数组长度为:"+arr.length);
str="baaaaaaaab";
arr=str.split("aa");
System.out.println("字符串baaaaaaaab分割的数组长度为:"+arr.length);
}
}
运行以上代码输出结果
看到结果的你是不是有点小小的惊讶,如果有的话那就继续往下看。
通过split方法查看源码可知又调用了split(regex, 0)方法并且传入一个0:
public String[] split(String regex) {
return split(regex, 0);
}
继续查看源码
public String[] split(String regex, int limit) {
char ch = 0;
if (((regex.value.length == 1 &&
".$|()[{^?*+\\".indexOf(ch = regex.charAt(0)) == -1) ||
(regex.length() == 2 &&
regex.charAt(0) == '\\' &&
(((ch = regex.charAt(1))-'0')|('9'-ch)) < 0 &&
((ch-'a')|('z'-ch)) < 0 &&
((ch-'A')|('Z'-ch)) < 0)) &&
(ch < Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE ||
ch > Character.MAX_LOW_SURROGATE))
{
int off = 0;
int next = 0;
boolean limited = limit > 0;
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
while ((next = indexOf(ch, off)) != -1) {
if (!limited || list.size() < limit - 1) {
list.add(substring(off, next));
off = next + 1;
} else { // last one
//assert (list.size() == limit - 1);
list.add(substring(off, value.length));
off = value.length;
break;
}
}
// If no match was found, return this
if (off == 0)
return new String[]{this};
// Add remaining segment
if (!limited || list.size() < limit)
list.add(substring(off, value.length));
// Construct result
int resultSize = list.size();
if (limit == 0) {
while (resultSize > 0 && list.get(resultSize - 1).length() == 0) {
resultSize--;
}
}
String[] result = new String[resultSize];
return list.subList(0, resultSize).toArray(result);
}
return Pattern.compile(regex).split(this, limit);
}
有其中关系可知最终会执行 Pattern.compile(regex).split(this, limit)这一段代码,基础往下扒代码:
public String[] split(CharSequence input, int limit) {
int index = 0;
boolean matchLimited = limit > 0;
ArrayList<String> matchList = new ArrayList<>();
Matcher m = matcher(input);
// Add segments before each match found
while(m.find()) {
if (!matchLimited || matchList.size() < limit - 1) {
if (index == 0 && index == m.start() && m.start() == m.end()) {
// no empty leading substring included for zero-width match
// at the beginning of the input char sequence.
continue;
}
String match = input.subSequence(index, m.start()).toString();
matchList.add(match);
index = m.end();
} else if (matchList.size() == limit - 1) { // last one
String match = input.subSequence(index,
input.length()).toString();
matchList.add(match);
index = m.end();
}
}
// If no match was found, return this
if (index == 0)
return new String[] {input.toString()};
// Add remaining segment
if (!matchLimited || matchList.size() < limit)
matchList.add(input.subSequence(index, input.length()).toString());
// Construct result
int resultSize = matchList.size();
if (limit == 0)
while (resultSize > 0 && matchList.get(resultSize-1).equals(""))
resultSize--;
String[] result = new String[resultSize];
return matchList.subList(0, resultSize).toArray(result);
}
通过代码我们可以发现最终matchList集合中会有值,不过都是空值,然后在
while (resultSize > 0 && matchList.get(resultSize-1).equals(""))
resultSize--;
这一段代码中,首先判断最后一个是不是空,如果没有值的话就减一位,依次类推,所以看到这大家对以上程序出现的结果是不是就不奇怪了。
所以我们可以大胆的总结一下,使用split方法分割字符串,如果最后几位是空的话,会将空的位置去掉。
总结
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持编程网。