零拷贝指的是没有CPU拷贝,并不是不拷贝;减少上下文切换
一、概念说明
1、传统IO
需要4次拷贝,3次上下文切换
2、mmap
mmap 通过内存映射,将文件映射到内存缓冲区,同时用户空间可以共享内存缓冲区的数据,减少内核空间到用户空间的拷贝
需要3次拷贝,3次上下文切换
3、sendfile
Linux 2.4 避免了从内核缓冲区到Socket Buffer的拷贝,直接拷贝到协议栈,从而减少一次数据拷贝
需要2次拷贝,3次上下文切换
4、mmap与sendfile
mmap适合小数据量读写,sendfile适合大文件传输
mmap需要4次上下文切换,3次数据拷贝;sendfile需要3次上下文切换,最少2次数据拷贝
send可用利用DMA方式,减少CPU拷贝,mmap则不能(必须从内核拷贝到Socket缓冲区)
二、传统IO传输文件代码示例
1、服务端代码
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class BIOServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(7000);
while (true) {
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
DataInputStream dataInputStream = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
try {
long total = 0;
byte[] bytes = new byte[4096];
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("d:\\temp\\04.zip");
while (true) {
int read = dataInputStream.read(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
if (read == -1) {
//文件读取结束,退出循环
break;
}
total += read;
fileOutputStream.write(bytes, 0, read);
}
System.out.println("收到客户端发送文件,总字节数:" + total);
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
2、客户端代码
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.Socket;
public class BIOClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 7000);
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("d:\\temp\\03.zip");
DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
byte[] bytes = new byte[4096];
long readCount;
long total = 0;
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
while ((readCount = fileInputStream.read(bytes)) >= 0) {
total += readCount;
dataOutputStream.write(bytes);
}
System.out.println("发送总字节数:" + total + ", 总耗时:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
dataOutputStream.close();
socket.close();
fileInputStream.close();
}
}
3、控制台出输出
测试发送9M的压缩文件,耗时在26ms左右
发送总字节数:9428963, 总耗时:26
三、NIO传输文件代码示例
1、服务端代码
package com.hj.io.nio.zero;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
public class NIOServerFile {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress(7000);
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(address);
//创建buffer
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4096);
while (true) {
//等待客户端链接
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
System.out.println("收到客户端链接");
int total = 0;
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("d:\\temp\\05.zip");
//循环读取数据,并存储到硬盘
while (true) {
try {
int readCount = socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);
if (readCount == -1) {
//文件读取结束
break;
}
total += readCount;
fileOutputStream.write(byteBuffer.array(),0,readCount);
//将buffer倒带
byteBuffer.rewind();
} catch (IOException e) {
break;
}
}
System.out.println("收到客户端发送文件,总字节数:" + total);
fileOutputStream.close();
}
}
}
2、客户端代码
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
public class NIOClientFile {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//打开一个SocketChannel并链接到服务器端
SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 7000));
//打开一个文件
FileChannel fileChannel = new FileInputStream("d:\\temp\\03.zip").getChannel();
//发送文件到服务器
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
//在linux下,一次transferTo调用就可以完成传输
//在windows下,一次transferTo调用最多只能传8M,大文件需要分段传输,需要注意传输位置
//transferTo底层使用零拷贝
long total = fileChannel.size();
long sended = 0;
while (sended < total) {
//从上一次传输位置继续发送
long lenth = fileChannel.transferTo(sended, fileChannel.size(), socketChannel);
sended += lenth;
}
System.out.println("发送总字节数:" + sended + ",总耗时:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
//关闭channel
fileChannel.close();
socketChannel.close();
}
}
3、控制台出输出
测试发送9M的压缩文件,耗时在16ms左右
发送总字节数:9428963,总耗时:16
四、总结
使用零拷贝传输,性能明显高于传统IO传输
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