基于Docker的Mysql主备搭建的实现步骤

# 创建网络mysql，子网掩码172.88.0.0/16
[root@localhost conf]# docker network create mysql --subnet 172.88.0.0/16
# 查看网络是否创建成功：有mysql则表示创建成功
[root@localhost conf]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
b03fab4e1371   bridge    bridge    local
0abda6b25a0e   host      host      local
844e3f85e00e   mysql     bridge    local
c2bbcb4013a7   none      null      local

# 拉取docker镜像，mysql:5.7版本
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7

# 记得修改下conf的配置文件
# chmod -R 777 /usr/local/docker/mysql/master/conf
# chmod -R 777 /usr/local/docker/mysql/slave/conf
# 启动容器,一个对应主，一个对应从
# mysql master [mysql-master, 3307，172.88.0.11，/usr/local/docker/mysql/master/data，/usr/local/docker/mysql/master/conf]
[root@localhost /]# docker run --name mysql-master -p 3307:3306 -v /usr/local/docker/mysql/master/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /usr/local/docker/mysql/master/conf:/etc/mysql/ -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d --net mysql --ip 172.88.0.11 mysql:5.7
# mysql slave [mysql-slave, 3308，172.88.0.12，/usr/local/docker/mysql/slave/data，/usr/local/docker/mysql/slave/conf]
[root@localhost /]# docker run --name mysql-slave -p 3308:3306 -v /usr/local/docker/mysql/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /usr/local/docker/mysql/slave/conf:/etc/mysql/ -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d --net mysql --ip 172.88.0.12 mysql:5.7

# 查看mysql-master,mysql-slave两个容器是否正确启动
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                  NAMES
205cd234c29b   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   9 seconds ago    Up 7 seconds    33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3308->3306/tcp, :::3308->3306/tcp   mysql-slave
cdcc14b2b2a2   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   49 seconds ago   Up 46 seconds   33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp, :::3307->3306/tcp   mysql-master

# 修改配置文件
# mysql-master配置文件修改，因为我们做了docker文件卷处理，所以我们直接在宿主机/usr/local/docker/mysql/master/conf下操作即可
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/docker/mysql/master/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# vi my.cnf 
# 在my.cnf里面输入如下信息
[mysqld]
## 同一局域网内注意要唯一
server-id=100
## 开启二进制日志功能，可以随便取（关键）
log-bin=mysql-bin

# 进入mysql-master容器里面重启mysql服务
# docker exec -it mysql-master /bin/bash 进入mysql-master容器
# service mysql restart重启mysql服务器
# 这里有一点要注意，重启mysql服务之后，mysql-master容器被关掉了，所以我们需要docker start mysql-master在启动下容器
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it mysql-master /bin/bash
root@cdcc14b2b2a2:/# service mysql restart
[root@localhost /]# docker start mysql-master

# 再次进入mysql-master容器授予slave用户 REPLICATION SLAVE权限和REPLICATION CLIENT权限，用于在主从库之间同步数据[slave用户是用来做数据同步的]
# 1. CREATE USER 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
# 2. GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%';
# 3. show master status;  查看主库状态，请记住File和Position对应的值
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it mysql-master /bin/bash
root@205cd234c29b:/# mysql -u root -p     
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> CREATE USER 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |      617 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

# mysql-slave配置文件修改，因为我们做了docker文件卷处理，所以我们直接在宿主机/usr/local/docker/mysql/slave/conf下操作即可
[root@localhost conf]# cd /usr/local/docker/mysql/slave/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# vi my.cnf 
# 在my.cnf里面输入如下信息
[mysqld]
## 设置server_id,注意要唯一
server-id=101
## 开启二进制日志功能，以备Slave作为其它Slave的Master时使用
log-bin=mysql-slave-bin
## relay_log配置中继日志
relay_log=edu-mysql-relay-bin

# 进入mysql-slave容器里面重启mysql服务
# docker exec -it mysql-slave /bin/bash 进入mysql-master容器
# service mysql restart重启mysql服务器
# 这里又一点要注意，重启mysql服务之后，mysql-slave容器被关掉了，所以我们需要docker start mysql-slave在启动下容器
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it mysql-slave /bin/bash
root@205cd234c29b:/# service mysql restart
[root@localhost /]# docker start mysql-slave
# 再次进入mysql-slave容器，连上mysql-slave数据库
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it mysql-slave /bin/bash
[root@localhost conf]# docker exec -it mysql-slave /bin/bash
root@205cd234c29b:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> change master to master_host='172.88.0.11', master_port=3306, master_user='slave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002', master_log_pos=617;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.06 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.88.0.11
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 617
               Relay_Log_File: edu-mysql-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 617
              Relay_Log_Space: 531
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 100
                  Master_UUID: 46cc703d-5b0e-11ec-a43c-0242ac110002
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: