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今天突发奇想,想玩一下rman这个命令,自己虚拟机好久都没有备份了,所以就来个全备,果不其然给了我一个报错。
RMAN> backup
Starting backup at 20-OCT-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
RMAN-06169: could not read file header for datafile 2 error reason 1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 10/20/2016 05:19:19
RMAN-06056: could not access datafile 2
然后进入数据库开始查询为什么不能备份
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
FILE#
----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/system01.dbf
2
/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00002
3
/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/undotbs01.dbf
FILE#
----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4
/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/users01.dbf
5
/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00005
6
/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00006
6 rows selected.
SQL> select TS#,name from v$tablespace;
TS# NAME
---------- ------------------------------
0 SYSTEM
2 UNDOTBS1
4 USERS
1 SYSAUX
3 TEMP
6 EXAMPLE
7 RMAN
发现这两个命令不能告诉我到底哪个表空间丢失了,后来上网查资料
SQL> select a.file#,a.name,b.name from v$datafile a,v$tablespace b where a.ts#=b.ts#
2 ;
FILE# NAME NAME
---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
1 /u01/oracle/product/oradata/wr SYSTEM
c/system01.dbf
2 /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_ SYSAUX
1/dbs/MISSING00002
3 /u01/oracle/product/oradata/wr UNDOTBS1
c/undotbs01.dbf
4 /u01/oracle/product/oradata/wr USERS
c/users01.dbf
FILE# NAME NAME
---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
5 /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_ EXAMPLE
1/dbs/MISSING00005
6 /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_ RMAN
1/dbs/MISSING00006
6 rows selected.
一查询丢失三个文件,然后就开始想办法解决
rman这个表空间是最好删的,但是不要忘记删的时候要
including contents and datafiles
然后后来开始删除example这个表空间,这个显示有index以及关系所以不能删除,当时找了下确实有对象,删除所有对象再删除这个表空间应该也是可以的,最后到了sysaux这个表空间,sysaux这个表空间虽然是系统表空间,system表空间的辅助表空间,例如存放一些报告信息等,基本不会对性能有啥影像。
第一种方式
SQL> drop tablespace sysaux including contents and datafiles;
drop tablespace sysaux including contents and datafiles
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-13501: Cannot drop SYSAUX tablespace
第二种方式
SQL> alter database datafile 2 offline drop
2 ;
Database altered.
SQL> select a.file#,a.name,b.name from v$datafile a,v$tablespace b where a.ts#=b.ts#;
FILE#
----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME
------------------------------
1
/u01/oracle/product/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
SYSTEM
2
/u01/oracle/product/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
SYSAUX
FILE#
----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME
------------------------------
3
/u01/oracle/product/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
UNDOTBS1
4
/u01/oracle/product/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
FILE#
----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME
------------------------------
USERS
5
/u01/oracle/product/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
EXAMPLE
可以看出来明显都是没有删掉的,这个时候开始思考这个sysaux是不是写入控制文件,所以你不管怎么删都是删不掉,后来就开始想通过初始化控制文件,看能不能成功。
先创建脚本
SELECT d.VALUE
|| '/'
|| LOWER (RTRIM (i.INSTANCE, CHR (0)))
|| '_ora_'
|| p.spid
|| '.trc' trace_file_name
FROM (SELECT p.spid
FROM v$mystat m, v$session s, v$process p
WHERE m.statistic# = 1 AND s.SID = m.SID AND p.addr = s.paddr) p,
(SELECT t.INSTANCE
FROM v$thread t, v$parameter v
WHERE v.NAME = 'thread'
AND (v.VALUE = 0 OR t.thread# = TO_NUMBER (v.VALUE))) i,
(SELECT VALUE
FROM v$parameter
WHERE NAME = 'user_dump_dest') d
/
在Linux下执行该脚本
SQL> @gettrcname
TRACE_FILE_NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/opt/oracle/admin/eygle/udump/eygle_ora_8415.trc
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
通过看这个eygle_ora_8415.trc文件,编辑重新创建控制文件
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS noARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
MAXLOGHISTORY 1168
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 4 '/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/redo04.rdo' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/system01.dbf',
'/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/sysaux02.dbf',
'/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/users01.dbf',
'/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/sysaux03.dbf',
'/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/sysaux04.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
进入sqlplus跑这个脚本,然后开始进行数据库的恢复,突然发现又来个错误
SQL> RECOVER DATABASE
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01610: recovery using the BACKUP CONTROLFILE option must be done
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
1. recover database using backup controlfile
如果丢失当前控制文件,用冷备份的控制文件恢复的时候,用来告诉oracle,不要以controlfile中的scn作为恢复的终点;
2. recover database until cancel
如果丢失current/active redo的时候,手动指定终点。
3. recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
如果丢失当前controlfile并且current/active redo都丢失,会先去自动应用归档日志,可以实现最大的恢复;
4. recover database until cancel using backup controlfile;
结果如下:
如果控制文件丢失,restore备份的控制文件后,则必须使用using backup controlfile选项。而until cancel则是不完全恢复,即current/active redo丢失,或者从restore数据库后某个归档文件缺失,则终止。
结论:
1、适用于restore旧的控制文件,且归档日志和cuurrent/active redo都没有丢失情况。如果一切归档日志和在线日志完好,可以不丢失数据。类似于recover database
2、当前控制文件未丢失(不需要restore旧的控制文件),此时有归档日志或者current/active log有丢失情况下,则终止。最大可能恢复数据
3、4:我在oracle 10.2.0.4环境下测试效果是相同的,即适用于restore旧的控制文件,在恢复到控制文件备份那刻后,系统会提示应用控制文件备份后的归档日志,如果没有则停止。也是最大可能的恢复数据。
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 1995899 generated at 10/20/2016 07:46:55 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/oracle/product/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_10_20/o1_mf_1_47_%u
_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1995899 for thread 1 is in sequence #47
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/redo04.rdo
ORA-00310: archived log contains sequence 45; sequence 47 required
ORA-00334: archived log: '/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/redo04.rdo'
SQL> /u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/redo04.rdo
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "/u01/oracl..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 1995899 generated at 10/20/2016 07:46:55 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/oracle/product/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_10_20/o1_mf_1_47_%u
_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1995899 for thread 1 is in sequence #47
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/u01/oracle/product/oradata/wrc/redo03.log
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
发现control file里面找不到sequence#47,然后只能一个一个redo日志的位置来试,最后成功了
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
最后开启数据库,需要制定是resetlogs还是noresetlogs模式下,但是发现还是不行,sysaux还是依旧存在,说明sysaux丢失是不能挽救的,需要重新创库。
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