什么是Spring Security
- Spring Security是一个功能强大且高度可定制的身份验证和访问控制框架。它实际上是保护基于spring的应用程序的标准。
- Spring Security是一个框架，侧重于为Java应用程序提供身份验证和授权。与所有Spring项目一样，Spring安全性的真正强大之处在于它可以轻松地扩展以满足定制需求
- 在用户认证方面，Spring Security 框架支持主流的认证方式，包括 HTTP 基本认证、HTTP 表单验证、HTTP 摘要认证、OpenID 和 LDAP 等。在用户授权方面，Spring Security 提供了基于角色的访问控制和访问控制列表（Access Control List，ACL），可以对应用中的领域对象进行细粒度的控制。
Spring Security测试
前期准备
- 新建一个springboot项目，导入web模板和thymeleaf模板
- 导入静态资源
- 关闭thymeleaf缓存spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
- 先创建一个TestController来测试一下项目是否搭建成功
package com.example.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@Controller
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index(){
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin(){
return "views/login";
}
@RequestMapping("/level1/{id}")
public String level1(@PathVariable("id") int id){
return "views/level1/"+id;
}
@RequestMapping("/level2/{id}")
public String level2(@PathVariable("id") int id){
return "views/level2/"+id;
}
@RequestMapping("/level3/{id}")
public String level3(@PathVariable("id") int id){
return "views/level3/"+id;
}
}
SpringSecurity的使用
引入spring-boot-starter-security模块
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
认识SpringSecurity的几个重要的类
- WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter：自定义Security策略
- AuthenticationManagerBuilder：自定义认证策略
- @EnableWebSecurity：开启WebSecurity模式
SpringSecurity---授权（认真看代码和注释）
//授权
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll() //首页所有人可以访问
.antMatchers("/level1
// 在内存中定义认证的规则
auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
.withUser("xiaolong").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1")
.and()
.withUser("xiaomi").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2")
.and()
.withUser("xiaohu").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2","vip3");
//在jdbc中定义认证的规则
//auth.jdbcAuthentication()
}
启动测试
静态资源
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>登录</title>
<!--semantic-ui-->
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">
<div class="ui segment">
<div style="text-align: center">
<h1 class="header">登录</h1>
</div>
<div class="ui placeholder segment">
<div class="ui column very relaxed stackable grid">
<div class="column">
<div class="ui form">
<form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
<div class="field">
<label>Username</label>
<div class="ui left icon input">
<input type="text" placeholder="Username" name="username">
<i class="user icon"></i>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field">
<label>Password</label>
<div class="ui left icon input">
<input type="password" name="password">
<i class="lock icon"></i>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="remember">记住我
</div>
<input type="submit" class="ui blue submit button"/>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center">
<div class="ui label">
</i>注册
</div>
<br><br>
</div>
<div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
<h3>Spring Security</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script th:src="@{/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>
</body>
</html>
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/extras/spring-security">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>首页</title>
<!--semantic-ui-->
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet">
<link th:href="@{/css/mystyle.css}" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">
<div class="ui segment" id="index-header-nav" th:fragment="nav-menu">
<div class="ui secondary menu">
<a class="item" th:href="@{/index}" rel="external nofollow" >首页</a>
<!--登录注销-->
<div class="right menu">
<!--未登录-->
<!--sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated() 未认证即未登录-->
<div sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()">
<a class="item" th:href="@{/toLogin}" rel="external nofollow" >
<i class="address card icon"></i> 登录
</a>
</div>
<!--已登录-->
<!--sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated() 已认证即已经有用户登录-->
<div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
<a class="item">
<i class="address card icon"></i>
用户名：<span sec:authentication="principal.username"></span>
角色：<span sec:authentication="principal.authorities"></span>
</a>
</div>
<!--注销-->
<div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
<a class="item" th:href="@{/logout}" rel="external nofollow" >
<i class="sign-out icon"></i> 注销
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
<h3>Spring Security</h3>
</div>
<div>
<br>
<div class="ui three column stackable grid">
<!-- sec:authorize="hasRole('vip1') 永拥有vip1权限的人才能看到 -->
<div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip1')">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 1</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/1}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/2}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/3}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- sec:authorize="hasRole('vip2') 永拥有vip2权限的人才能看到 -->
<div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip2')">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 2</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/1}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/2}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/3}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- sec:authorize="hasRole('vip3') 永拥有vip3权限的人才能看到 -->
<div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip3')">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 3</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/1}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/2}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/3}" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script th:src="@{/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>
</body>
</html>
一些其他的小东西
- 如果你在测试TestController之前已经提前把spring-boot-starter-security这个依赖导入，那么你请求首页的时候，程序会自动跳转到登录页面，任何请求都会被拦截，停留在登录页面
- 如果用户还没有登录，你只能看到首页，你点击首页的任何界面的请求都会跳转到默认的登录页面。然后，你通过你认证过的用户进行登录，登录成功后会返回你之前点击的那个界面的请求。也就是说，本来界面有一个/level1/1.html你点击它，没登录，会直接跳转到默认的登录界面，登陆成功后，会返回/level1/1.html，而不是返回首页，这是默认的
- 分析一下自定义登录页的实现
以上就是Spring Security的简单使用的详细内容，更多关于Spring Security的使用的资料请关注编程网其它相关文章！
